PLA Academy of Military Science

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202606000-00078/figure1/v/2026-02-11T151048Z/r/image-tiff Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of disability and death, with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue. However, the optimal timing and underlying therapeutic mechanisms of exosome treatment require further elucidation. In this study, we used a murine model of middle cerebral artery occlusion to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes administered intravenously at an early (6 hours) or delayed (3 days) time point post-ischemia. Compared with delayed treatment, early administration of exosomes resulted in significantly superior efficacy, as evidenced by improved neurological function scores and reduced infarct volumes. Transcriptomic analysis of brain tissues from mice receiving early exosome treatment revealed marked downregulation of inflammation-related genes, including Ccl2 , Ccl5 , Cxcl10 , Il-1 β, Il-6 , Itgam , Itgax , and Tnf-α . Metabolomic profiling of these brain tissues further identified modulation of key metabolites, including trimethylamine N-oxide, glutathione, 1-stearoyl-rac-glycerol, and phosphatidylcholine, suggesting that alteration of metabolic pathways contributes to the therapeutic effect. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis pinpointed significant modulation of pathways involving metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid, lysine, propanoate, and tyrosine. These findings suggest that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, particularly when administered early post-ischemia, exert their neuroprotective effects by broadly suppressing inflammatory pathways and modulating key metabolic processes in the ischemic brain, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic intervention for ischemic stroke.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most malignant bone tumors in children and adolescents, but the molecular mechanisms of OS progression remain largely undefined. In this study, we demonstrate that Integrin subunit beta-like 1 (ITGBL1) is downregulated in OS tissues, and its downregulation correlates with poor prognosis in OS patients. Functional assays revealed that ITGBL1 inhibits OS cell growth, metastasis, and stemness, while promoting apoptosis. The in vitro and in vivo experiments further revealed that ITGBL1 activates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by upregulating ROS, thereby triggering autophagy in OS cells. In addition, the downregulation of ITGBL1 in OS is partly attributed to the abnormal upregulation of HSP90AB1 (heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B1). Mechanistically, ITGBL1 interacts with HSP90AB1 which facilitates ITGBL1 degradation through K63-linked ubiquitination. Finally, through virtual screening and Co-IP, we identified ivermectin as a potent inhibitor of the HSP90AB1-ITGBL1 interaction, and treatment with ivermectin dramatically inhibited OS progression in vivo. In conclusion, we uncover a novel mechanism that promotes OS progression and identify a new candidate drug for the treatment of OS.

Cisplatin (Cis) is widely recognized as the cornerstone of osteosarcoma (OS) chemotherapy. However, its clinical effectiveness remains limited by poor drug delivery efficiency, severe adverse effects, and emerging chemoresistance. To overcome these limitations, a triple-drug co-delivery system (NP3) is designed, encapsulating Cis prodrug (Cis(IV)), curcumin (Cur), and manganese ions within reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoparticles (NPs). NP3 efficiently accumulated at tumor sites and rapidly released its therapeutic payload upon endocytosis, triggered by abundant intracellular ROS. After NP3 degradation, Cis in combination with Cur induced significant DNA damage. This DNA debris subsequently activated the cGAS-STING pathway, enhancing tumor immunogenicity. Additionally, manganese ions functioned as immune adjuvants, further amplifying cGAS-STING activation. Consequently, NP3 promoted dendritic cell (DC) maturation, enhanced the infiltration of CD8+ T-cells, and concurrently decreased the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells. In an OS mouse model, combining NP3 with anti-PD-L1 treatment markedly improved both tumor suppression and immune system activation. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that NP3 synergistically promoted tumor regression by concurrently inducing pro-apoptotic signaling and immune responses. In conclusion, this study presents an innovative therapeutic strategy combining targeted chemotherapy delivery with robust antitumor metalloimmunotherapy, offering a promising therapeutic approach for OS.

Bone conduction (BC) sensors naturally resist ambient noise, but the captured speech suffers from severe high-frequency attenuation due to the low-pass filtering characteristics of body tissue. To compensate for this hardware-induced information deficiency, we propose a time-domain framework leveraging highly generalized representations from Self-Supervised Learning (SSL). Specifically, we employ a large-scale pre-trained SSL model to generate embeddings that function as robust acoustic priors. Subsequently, a Key-Value Memory module is integrated to bridge the sensor domain gap, enabling the retrieval of high-fidelity priors from BC queries in the absence of reference air conduction signals. These retrieved cues are then processed by a Gated Attention Projection and dynamically fused into the primary network's bottleneck, effectively recovering the high-frequency harmonics attenuated by the physical transmission path and rectifying the spectral distortion inherent in BC signals. Experiments on the ABCS and ESMB datasets demonstrate that our method surpasses state-of-the-art baselines in both quality and efficiency. It achieves PESQ gains of over 51% and 73% relative to raw BC inputs, respectively, with a compact architecture optimized for real-world deployment.

Introduction High-precision radio wave propagation over maritime environments is of great importance for ensuring reliable maritime wireless communications. Methods To support the development of maritime transmission services, this work employs genetic algorithms to extract features from measured maritime data, thereby constructing a data-model-driven propagation model. The proposed model is established using measurement datasets collected in the South China Sea, covering the frequency range of 99 MHz to 1000 MHz over transmission distances up to 60 km. By integrating the strengths of both data-driven and model-driven approaches, a high-precision empirical model for maritime VHF and UHF propagation loss is developed. Specifically, we first analyze the propagation mechanisms of radio waves in the study region based on the measured data, and then combine them with the ITU-R P.2001 model to define a driving model with undetermined coefficients. These coefficients are subsequently determined using genetic algorithms through feature extraction from the measurement data. Finally, the proposed model is validated against the measurement dataset. Results Results demonstrate that the model achieves an average root-mean-square error of 2.13 dB, representing a 72.73% improvement compared with the ITU-R P.2001 model. Discussion The study of high-precision radio wave propagation over maritime environments is of great importance for ensuring reliable maritime wireless communications.

Abstract The efficient harnessing of solar radiation is pivotal to photothermal energy conversion, yet designing solar absorbers with superior absorption efficiency remains a formidable task. To address this challenge, we present a straightforward and impeccable perfect solar absorber (SA) architecture, leveraging truncated pyramid (TP) structure MXene, which demonstrates exceptional performance across the entire solar radiation spectrum. Simulation results demonstrate that the absorbance of the proposed SA exceeds 99.5% from 0.28 μm to 4.34 μm with a relative bandwidth of approximately 175.77%. The exceptional solar absorption capability of the designed MXene featuring TP structure can be attributed to the synergistic interplay of waveguide mode excitation, located surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) modes, and their coupling effects. Notably, the proposed SA is remarkable for its polarization-independent and wide-angle incidence compatibility, seamlessly accommodating both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. Furthermore, the designed SA demonstrates resilience against certain structural parameter deviations during practical manufacturing processes. The designed ultra-broadband SA holds immense promise for diverse applications, including solar energy harvesting, solar thermal systems, thermal photovoltaics, and thermoelectronic devices.

Hyperspectral endoscopy enables minimally invasive visualization of both structural and compositional information, offering promising potential for the accurate assessment of in vivo physiological and pathological conditions. However, current hyperspectral endoscopy suffers from low frame rate, hindering the clear capture of in vivo tissues in motion, restricting in vivo diagnostics, efficacy assessment, or risk monitoring during minimally invasive procedures. Here we propose a hyperspectral endoscopy by developing a spatial-temporal spectral encoding approach based on low-frequency stochastic filters combined with an encoding-guided spectral attention network (ESANet) to reconstruct the hyperspectral image with low latency. A prototype system is developed to achieve real-time frame rate (20Hz), high-definition resolution (full pixels), 67 spectral channels spanning 420-750nm. It can overcome the continuous motion of in vivo tissue to provide hyperspectral images with fine superficial features, including capillary as small as around 37µm in diameter, reveal the distinct spectra characteristics for diverse types of organs, and enable visualization of rapid and subtle compositional changes in two representative processes: photodynamic therapy and hepatic ischemia. With minimal hardware modifications, the proposed scheme provides a cost-efficient and easily adaptable solution for hyperspectral endoscopy as well as broader application scenarios.