PTC (France)

In this chapter, first, the upstream and downstream parts of the strategy design are addressed. It requires properly assessing the initial state on the shopfloor followed by the desired state to understand the gap to be filled. Then, the other key strategic methods are looked at before detailing the Management By Objectives and the Balanced Scorecard. The chapter ends with a focus on the specific contributions of Hoshin kanri.

AJDA : Actualité juridique de droit administratif Al. : Alinéa Art. : Article Bull. civ. : Bulletin des arrêts de la Cour de cassation (chambres civiles) CAA : Cour administrative d’appel Cass., Ass. plén. : Assemblée plénière de la Cour de cassation Cass. civ. : Chambre civile de la Cour de cassation Cass. Crim : Chambre criminelle de la Cour de cassation Cass. Soc. : Chambre sociale de la Cour de cassation CE : Conseil d’État CE, Ass. : Assemblée du contentieux du Conseil d’État CE, Sect. :...

RiassuntoL’articolo analizza un passo di un’orazione demostenica (57.32) in cui vengono invocate due leggi –la prima ascritta al legislatore Solone, la seconda al politico ateniese Aristofonte di Azenia – il cui contenuto divide la critica. Se la contestualizzazione della legge all’interno dell’argomentazione dell’attore Eussiteo permette di identificare il contenuto delle due leggi, l’analisi dell’attività legislativa di Solone e Aristofonte consente di chiarire il rapporto esistente fra la promulgazione della norma soloniana e la ripresa della stessa promossa da Aristofonte. Lo studio della legge nel quadro delle riforme attribuite a Solone, infine, autorizza a difenderne la storicità e a propendere per il carattere genuino dell’attribuzione all’antico legislatore.

A one-dimensional, Noetherian, local domain D with maximal ideal 𝔪 and finite residue field was known to be an almost strong Skolem ring if analytically irreducible. It was unknown whether this condition is necessary. We show that it is at least necessary for D to be unibranched. After introducing a general notion of equalizing ideal, we show that, for k large enough, the ideals of the form 𝔐 k, a = {f ∈ Int(D) | f(a) ∈ 𝔪 k }, for a ∈ D, are distinct. This allows to show that the maximal ideals 𝔐 a = {f ∈ Int(D) | f(a) ∈ 𝔪}, although not necessarily distinct, are never finitely generated.

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The present paper deals with the activities and the results achieved under a cooperative research project between IFP, D2T, LMS, G2Elab and Renault focused on Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) applications to hybrid power-trains conception and assessment. The main goal of this study is the evaluation of hybrid propulsion concepts and the benefits of different degrees of hybridization in a flexible architecture, by using a chain of simulation platforms: from the co-simulation to the high-dynamic engine-in-the-loop test bed, through a virtual version of the last one. The activity assessed the potentialities in terms of fuel consumption reduction and the challenges in terms of pollutants emissions of micro and full-hybrid application for light-duty vehicle based on gasoline engine: over several road load cycles as NEDC, FTP72, ARTEMIS. Engine operation at the dynamic test bench reproduced the optimized hybrid schedules and the results were compared to the conventional base engine and to the other simulation platforms. Therefore, the main results show that this series of simulation environments, makes possible the evaluation of complex power-trains without the need of manufacturing a real vehicle, hence proving it's extreme usefulness as a tool.</div>

Ce sujet est revenu sur le devant de la scène du fait d’une importante pression médiatique, de la saisine du comité consultatif national d’éthique, de l’avis déjà exprimé par une commission du Sénat et l’Académie de médecine. Après avoir défini ce qu’est la gestation pour autrui sont évoqués les aspects juridiques, éthiques et médicaux. Sur le plan juridique, il convient de s’interroger sur la double réification de la mère et de l’enfant; au sein de l’Europe, seuls le Danemark, la Grande-Bretagne, la Grèce et la Roumanie ont une législation autorisant la gestation pour autrui (GPA). Sur le plan éthique sont discutés les principes d’autonomie, de bienfaisance/non-malfaisance et de justice. Sur le plan médical, il est important de donner une information complète sur les devoirs de la mère gestante et les différents problèmes qui risquent de se poser lors de l’évolution de la grossesse. Tout cela n’est pas simple, mais il semble difficile, dans un esprit de justice, de ne pas envisager de modifier la loi, sinon seules les personnes en ayant les moyens pourront se rendre à la recherche de mères exploitées dans des pays qui en font un véritable commerce.