Paccar (United States)

Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) has shown the potential to produce diesel equivalent efficiency while achieving ultra-low oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emissions. Nonetheless, mechanical constraints under high load conditions have limited its implementation. A partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI) - diffusion combustion strategy has been developed to satisfactorily enable high efficiency and clean high-load GCI operation. By utilizing the PPCI-diffusion combustion strategy, this investigation assessed GCI performance experimentally on a heavy-duty diesel engine. Fuel injection strategy (start of injection, split ratio, and injection pressure) and air-handling system boundary conditions were systematically studied as key parameters under medium-to-full load engine operation. Across different engine operating points, GCI optimized using a one-factor-at-a-time approach demonstrated diesel-like fuel efficiency and emissions compared to the diesel baseline over an engine-out NOx range of 2–7 g/kWh. A design of experiments (DoE) based injection strategy optimization was also conducted at the highest fuel efficiency point, targeting 2.8 g/kWh engine-out NOx. The sensitivity of GCI performance to the fuel injection strategy was thoroughly characterized. The optimized fuel injection strategy showed equivalent diesel efficiency with an enhanced NOx-smoke trade-off without exceeding the mechanical constraints on maximum pressure rise rate (MPPR) and peak cylinder pressure (PCP).

Introdução: A pandemia de COVID-19 teve um impacto profundo em diversas esferas da sociedade, com destaque para a saúde mental. O isolamento social, o medo da doença e as incertezas econômicas geraram um aumento significativo no número de casos de transtornos mentais. Estudos têm mostrado que, após o fim da pandemia, houve uma intensificação no diagnóstico de distúrbios psicológicos, como depressão, ansiedade e transtornos de estresse pós-traumático. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o impacto pós-pandemia no aumento dos diagnósticos de transtornos mentais, identificando as principais causas e discutindo as possíveis soluções para lidar com essa realidade. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada através de revisão bibliográfica, com a análise de artigos científicos e relatórios de instituições de saúde pública que abordaram o aumento dos transtornos mentais durante e após a pandemia. Foram analisados dados de estudos realizados entre 2020 e 2023, com foco na identificação de padrões de diagnóstico e nas variáveis que influenciaram esse aumento. Discussão: Os resultados apontam que a pandemia acelerou uma série de problemas de saúde mental, exacerbando condições preexistentes e criando novas patologias devido ao estresse prolongado. A falta de apoio psicológico, a interrupção de tratamentos e a sobrecarga emocional são fatores que contribuíram diretamente para o aumento de diagnósticos de transtornos como ansiedade, depressão e transtornos obsessivo-compulsivos. Além disso, o estigma social relacionado à busca por ajuda psicológica ainda é um obstáculo relevante, dificultando o tratamento adequado de muitos indivíduos. Conclusão: O aumento nos diagnósticos de transtornos mentais após a pandemia é um reflexo das consequências emocionais e psicológicas do período. A sociedade precisa investir em políticas públicas que promovam a saúde mental, amplie o acesso a tratamentos psicológicos e trabalhe na desconstrução do estigma relacionado ao cuidado psicológico. O fortalecimento da rede de apoio e o aumento da conscientização são passos essenciais para a recuperação e prevenção de novos casos.

"No Lakhi Kothi" is a moderate period novel. The new generation gets a chance to get acquainted with their past in the sub-continent by reading this novel. On the canvas of Ghulam Hyder and Sudha Singh's family rivalry, civilization, culture, religion, neo-colonialism, post-colonialism, customs, politics, society, lifestyle, and its negative and positive trends of the subcontinent are celebrated in the novel. Two types of sayings have been described in the book. On the one hand, the British imperial style of government has been seen and on the other hand, the characteristics, customs, and other attitudes of the local people have also come to the fore. No Lakhi Kothi is a novel that explores the past of subcontinent people. Since the novelist reflects his era, Ali Akbar Natiq has described the decline of the British Raj before independence instead of his era. The purpose of this article is to highlight the theme of this Novel especially, Migration Partition, Post-Partition Events, economy, socio-economic issues, neo-colonialism, post-colonialism, customs, politics, society, and lifestyle of subcontinent people. Key Words: Ali Akbar Natiq, No Lakhi Kothi, William, neo-colonialism, post-colonialism, Migration Partition.

The City of Los Angeles Harbor Department (Harbor Department, POLA) partnered with Equilon Enterprises LLC (d/b/a Shell Oil Products US) (Shell), Toyota Motor North America (Toyota) and Kenworth Truck Company (Kenworth) partnered with the Port of Hueneme (POH), United Parcel Service (UPS), Total Transportation Services Inc. (TTSI), Southern Counties Express (SCE), Toyota Logistics Services (TLS), Air Liquide, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Coalition For A Safe Environment, and the South Coast Air Quality Management District (South Coast AQMD) to introduce hydrogen (H₂) fuel into the Southern California drayage truck market by demonstrating near-commercial heavy-duty H₂ fuel cell electric trucks at and between freight facilities throughout the region, while continuing to lay the groundwork for battery-electric operations. The "Shore to Store" (S2S) project built on project team experience to help realize our vision of zero-emission freight operations in the future. Ten Kenworth zero-emission Class 8 fuel cell electric trucks, integrated with Toyota's fuel cell drive technology, were operated by UPS, TTSI, SCE, and TLS in revenue service. The demonstration fleet fueled at the S2S hydrogen fueling stations that were built in Ontario, California and Wilmington, California. An additional station at the Port of Long Beach (Portal Station) was available for fueling the fleet. Portal Station was supported by grants from the California Energy Commission (CEC) and South Coast AQMD and used as match funding for the S2S project. POH demonstrated two battery-electric yard tractors, and TLS demonstrated two zero-emission forklifts at their warehouse facility, showcasing elements of the entire supply chain operating on zero-emissions. This project showcased a snapshot of the zero-emission supply chain of the future, providing a model by which freight facilities can support zero-emission operations.

Significant environmental impact can be caused by surface runoff when it transports excessive phosphorus (P) to downstream surface waters. Excessive P can cause uncontrolled aquatic plant growth, low dissolved oxygen, and increased fish mortality. Urban stormwater is composed of both dissolved and particulate P fractions in roughly equal proportions. Many stormwater management controls (SMCs) like biofiltration and bioswales can remove particulate P easily through sedimentation and filtration processes, but dissolved P is much harder to remove. These SMCs also contain compost, which is excellent for removing many other pollutants but can decompose and release P. This laboratory study systematically evaluated dissolved P removal efficiency of 40 different adsorptive materials through jar tests and adsorption isotherm kinetics, column tests that emulate biofiltration systems, and channel tests to emulate bioinfiltration swales. The jar tests yielded 12 materials for further testing using complete adsorption isotherms. Seven of these 12 materials were tested extensively in the column studies. The best materials for enhancing P removal in the columns were activated alumina, alum-based water treatment residuals (WTRs), layered double hydroxyl (LDH), and zero-valent iron (ZVI) aggregate, all exceeding 90% P removal. Based on performance, three were chosen for the channel study: activated alumina, alum-based WTR, and ZVI aggregate. Results showed that lower compost content could reduce P leaching but not eliminate it completely, while biochar mixes were highly variable. Replacing half of the compost with an adsorptive material in a conventional bioretention/bioswale system gave good P removal results. The alum-based WTR is recommended in this study because it ranked excellently for all tests performed, and as a waste material, it can be recycled at a low cost.

Plasmons associated with zero-dimensional (0D) metal nanoparticles and their synergistic interactions with excitons in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors offer opportunities for remarkable spectral tunability not otherwise evident in the pristine parent materials. As a result, an in-depth study elucidating the nature of the plasmonic and excitonic interactions, jointly referred to as plexcitons, is critical to understanding the foundational aspects of the light–matter interactions in hybrid 0D–2D systems. In this work, our focal point is to examine the plexcitonic interactions of van der Waals (vdWs) hybrid structures composed of 2D WSe2 and 0D Au nanoparticles (Au-NPs) in their spherical (Au-Sp) and bi-pyramidical (Au-BP) architectures. The geometry-dependent surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks in Au-Sp and Au-BP nanoparticles were deciphered using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) optical absorption spectroscopy, while photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed the excitonic behavior in the vapor synthesized monolayer (1L) WSe2 as well as the Au-Sp/WSe2 and Au-BP/WSe2 hybrids. Furthermore, our temperature-dependent and wavelength-dependent optoelectronic transport measurements showed a shift in the spectral response of 1L WSe2 toward the SPR peak locations of Au-Sp and Au-BP, mediated via the plexciton interactions. Models for the plexcitonic interactions are proposed, which provide a framework to explain the photoexcited hot charge carrier injection from AuNPs to WSe2 and their influence on carrier dynamics. Our findings demonstrate that geometry-mediated response of the AuNPs provides another degree of freedom to modulate the carrier photodynamics in WSe2, which can also be useful for tailoring the optoelectronic performance of the broader class of semiconducting 2D materials.

Three dimensional (3D) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising candidate for third-generation photovoltaics (PV) technology, which aims to produce efficient photon conversion devices to electricity using low-cost fabrication processes. Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites for-lmed using low-cost solution processing are explored here, which have experienced a stupendous rise in power conversion efficiency (PCE) over the past decade and serve as a prime candidate for third-generation PV systems. While significant progress has been made, the inherent hygroscopic nature and stability issue of the 3D perovskites (3DPs) are an impediment to its commercialization. In this work, we have studied two-dimensional (2D) organometallic halide (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)n−1PbnI3n+1) layered perovskites in the Ruddlesden Popper structure, represented as BA2MA3Pb4I13 for the n = 4 formulation, for both photoabsorbers in a two-terminal architecture and solar cells, given that these material are considered to be inherently more stable. In the two-terminal photo absorber devices, the photocurrent and responsivity were measured as a function of incoming laser wavelength, where the location of the peak current was correlated to the emission spectrum arising from the 2DP film using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The 2D (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 films were then integrated into an n-i-p solar cell architecture, and PV device figures of merit tabulated, while our 3D MAPbI3 served as the reference absorber material. A comparative study of the 3DP and 2DP film stability was also conducted, where freshly synthesized films were inspected on FTO substrates and compared to those exposed to elevated humidity levels, and material stability was gauged using various material characterization probes, such as PL and UV-Vis optical absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. While the PCE of the 3D-PSCs was higher than the 2D-PSCs, our results confirm the enhanced environmental stability of the 2DP absorber films compared to the 3DP absorbers, suggesting their promise to address the stability issue broadly encountered in 3D PSCs toward third-generation PV technology.

Balance testing after concussion or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can be useful in determining acute and chronic neuromuscular deficits that are unapparent from symptom scores or cognitive testing alone. Current assessments of balance do not comprehensively evaluate all 3 classes of balance: maintaining a posture; voluntary movement; and reactive postural response. Despite the utility of reactive postural responses in predicting fall risk in other balance-impaired populations, the effect of mTBI on reactive postural responses remains unclear. This review sought to (1) examine the extent and range of available research on reactive postural responses in people post-mTBI and (2) determine whether reactive postural responses (balance recovery) are affected by mTBI. Scoping review. Studies were identified using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Dissertations and Theses Global, PsycINFO, SportDiscus, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were injury classified as mTBI with no confounding central or peripheral nervous system dysfunction beyond those stemming from the mTBI, quantitative measure of reactive postural response, and a discrete, externally driven perturbation was used to test reactive postural response. A total of 4747 publications were identified, and a total of 3 studies (5 publications) were included in the review. The limited number of studies available on this topic highlights the lack of investigation on reactive postural responses after mTBI. This review provides a new direction for balance assessments after mTBI and recommends incorporating all 3 classes of postural control in future research.

In this work, we fabricated back gated multilayer WSe 2 phototransistor with Au/Ti as electrodes whose electrical properties were investigated over a wide range of temperature T from T = 5.4 to T = 350 K from which several electrical parameters including mobility μ and barrier height ϕ ms were extracted to analyze their T-dependencies. For example, the T-dependent mobility μ was characterized by a peak at ~ 250 K after which point μ decreased according to μ ~ T-0.71, attributed to phonon scattering. Additionally, ϕ ms was found to be 29 meV at V G = 0 V which decreased as V G increased in alignment with barrier modulation theory. Finally, optoelectronic properties of our Au/Ti/WSe 2 field effect transistors (FETs) were investigated by exposing the device to a tunable laser, where the photoresponsivity R was calculated to be ~ 43 A/W at an optical power of 0.786 nW. The phototransistor also showed very short response time with τ rise = 10 ms, and T fall = 3 ms. Our work demonstrates excellent potential of WSe 2 as a promising 2D semiconductor for high speed electronics and opto-electronics.