Palacký University, Olomouc

Background: Emotions—including joy, sadness, fear, and anger—are fundamental expressions of human experience. For children and adults who are deaf or hard-of-hearing, emotional experiences and communication can differ due to linguistic and communication-related factors. Methods: This scoping review identifies instruments that are suitable for assessing emotional intelligence in the context of the lived and cultural experiences of individuals who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. A comprehensive search was conducted in April 2024 following the JBI methodology. Results: Out of 3091 articles, 21 studies were included. Two adapted methods were identified: the Meadow/Kendall Social–Emotional Assessment Inventory and ISEAR-D. Assessments supported by sign language revealed no significant differences in age or gender. Conclusions: The authors recommend further development of screening instruments that reflect the specific experiences of the population who are deaf or hard-of-hearing.

Anthracyclines are an essential component of induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but their optimal dosing and the associated risk for cardiotoxicity remain under debate. The DaunoDouble trial compared daunorubicin at 60 (Dauno60) versus 90 mg/m2 (Dauno90) in combination with cytarabine (100 mg/m2 for 7 days) in newly diagnosed AML patients aged 18-65 years. Cardiac function was assessed by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and cardiac biomarkers (high-sensitivity troponin T [hsTnT], NT-proBNP) before treatment and on Day 15 in 317 randomized patients. Median LVEF declined significantly from 65% [IQR 60%-68.5%] to 61% [IQR 58%-67.8%] across all patients (p < 0.01), without significant differences between treatment arms. NT-proBNP levels measured after induction therapy correlated negatively with LVEF at the same time point (ρ = -0.24, p = 0.02), but did not change significantly during induction-neither between Day 1 and 15 nor between treatment arms. HsTnT levels increased significantly from 5 [IQR 4-8] to 8 ng/L [IQR 6-14] across all patients (p < 0.01), with higher post-induction values in the Dauno90 group (9.5 ng/L [IQR 7-14]) compared to Dauno60 (7 ng/L [IQR 5-14]; p < 0.01). In exploratory subgroup analyses, post-induction hsTnT levels were also significantly higher in patients with obesity and arterial hypertension. These findings provide evidence of a dose-dependent cardiotoxic effect of daunorubicin, already apparent at standard induction doses, and underscore the importance of early cardiac monitoring. Long-term follow-up will be essential to determine the clinical significance of these early changes. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02140242.

Purpose This study aimed to develop a Czech version of The Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Disabilities (LTPAQ-D-CZ) and evaluate its construct validity using accelerometer-based measurements and reliability in manual wheelchair users (MWU). Methods The LTPAQ-D was translated into Czech using a standardized forward-backward translation process. Content validity was assessed through a focus group of six MWU who reviewed wording, clarity, and relevance. Test-retest reliability was evaluated over a 7-day interval in 23 MWU. For construct validity, 55 MWU wore an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer continuously for seven days and completed a leisure time activity log, a sociodemographic questionnaire, and the LTPAQ-D-CZ. Results The translation and validation process resulted in the LTPAQ-D-CZ. Significant positive correlations were observed between the LTPAQ-D-CZ and accelerometer-derived light, moderate, vigorous, moderate-to-vigorous, and total leisure time physical activity (rS = 0.306–0.659). Statistically significant differences were observed only for vigorous activity (Z = 3.61, p < 0.001) and strength training (Z = 2.89, p = 0.004). Test-retest reliability for total physical activity was high (ICC = 0.924, p < 0.001). Conclusions The LTPAQ-D-CZ demonstrated good validity and excellent test-retest reliability, supporting its use as a valid tool for measuring leisure time physical activity in MWU.

Carbon dots (CDs)are nanoscale carbon materials with tunable opticalproperties, low toxicity, and modular functionalization, making thema promising material for biomedical applications. For safe and efficientapplications in theranostics, it is essential to assess how CDs interactwith biomolecules. Here, we focus on the effect of CDs on the structureand function of nucleic acids (NAs), relevant to NA structural stability,chromatin organization, and gene regulation. We performed more than150 μs of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, encompassinga diverse set of NA structures, from canonical DNA and RNA helicesthrough noncanonical motifs such as tetraloops and G-quadruplexes,up to nucleosomes. We simulated their interactions with graphiticCDs with two sizes and distinct surface chemistries: neutral hydrophobic(CD0), negatively charged (CD–), andpositively charged (CD+). We identified multiple nonspecificinteraction modes including stacking to bases, CH−π contacts,and electrostatic interactions with the NA backbone. All CD typesformed contacts with NAs, but only CD+ remained tightlybound and is therefore relevant for NA-related applications. The CDnonspecific binding did not compromise the global NA architecture,and we did not observe any intercalation or base-pair disruption.In the nucleosome, CD+ adsorb to DNA and occasionally bridgeadjacent DNA gyres, that may alter local chromatin dynamics. In summary,the surface charge and particle size emerged as the key determinantsof NA–CD interactions, providing atomistic guidance for therational design of CDs optimized for theranostic applications.

Increasing recreational screen time among adolescents is linked to adverse health outcomes like obesity and poor mental health. This highlights the need for reliable tools to monitor screen-based behaviours. The present study examined the test-retest reliability of recreational screen-time items from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) questionnaire across culturally diverse adolescent populations. Using a test-retest design with a 2-3week interval, we collected data from 750 adolescents (48.8% boys, mean age 15.29years, SD 2.37) in Mexico (n = 233, aged 10-15y) and Czechia (n = 517, aged 10-18y) in 2022-2024. Self-reported time spent on gaming, social networking, video watching, and internet browsing were evaluated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) for continuous measures and Cohen's kappa for dichotomized outcomes (< 2 vs. ≥ 2h/day), with analyses stratified by age, gender, and country. Gaming and social networking demonstrated moderate-to-good reliability (ICC = 0.70-0.74, κ = 0.64-0.65, 82-83% unchanged responses). Video watching and browsing were less stable (ICC = 0.52-0.63, κ = 0.41-0.47). Czech primary school students exhibited the highest consistency (ICC = 0.76-0.81), while Mexican students completed the items with lower reliability (ICC = 0.43-0.54). Older adolescents (16-18years) and girls reported greater stability for gaming and social networking, respectively. The screen-time items tested in this study showed acceptable test-retest reliability across countries, age groups, and sexes, particularly for gaming and social networking. These findings support their use in global adolescent health surveillance, while highlighting the need for refinement of less stable domains such as video watching and internet browsing. Given that samples were not nationally representative, findings should be interpreted within these specific contexts. Future research should enhance measurement precision and inform public health efforts to monitor and address screen-time related health risks.

The existence and degeneracies of quantum exceptional, diabolical, and hybrid (i.e., diabolically degenerated exceptional) singularities of simple bosonic systems composed of up to five modes with damping and/or amplification are analyzed. Their dynamics governed by quadratic non-Hermitian Hamiltonians is followed using the Heisenberg-Langevin equations. Their dynamical matrices generally exhibit specific structures that allow for an effective reduction of their dimension by half. This facilitates analytical treatment and enables efficient spectral analysis based on characteristic second-order diabolical degeneracies. Conditions for the observation of inherited quantum hybrid points, observed directly in the dynamics of field operators, having up to third-order exceptional and second-order diabolical degeneracies are revealed. Surprisingly, exceptional degeneracies of only second and third orders are revealed, even though the systems with up to five modes are considered. Exceptional and diabolical genuine points and their degeneracies observed in the dynamics of second-order field-operator moments are also analyzed. Each analyzed bosonic system exhibits its own unique and complex dynamical behavior.

Abstract This study examines players’ adaptation mechanisms after gambling venues reduction. Current research on gambling regulation focuses primarily on availability effects, yet empirical evidence on how players adapt to venue closures remains limited. Environmental prevention strategies that systematically alter gambling conditions create natural experimental situations where players must adjust their behaviour to changed circumstances. To address this gap, we conducted an online survey among 1,503 regular gamblers in the Czech Republic. Using multinomial logistic regression, we analysed adaptation strategies across three venue types: lottery outlets, betting shops, and electronic gambling machine (EGM) venues. Our findings reveal that 41.3% of regular players experienced venue closure, with significant variations in adaptation patterns. While 68.8% of lottery players switched to other venues, only one-third of EGM players chose this option, with most transitioning to online gambling instead. Key predictors of online migration included younger age, online preference, and venue supply levels. Notably, only 5.5% of EGM players completely ceased gambling after venue closure, suggesting limited effectiveness of supply reduction for high-risk gambling forms. Gender emerged as a significant factor, with men showing 65–73% lower probability of cessation. These results indicate that venue restrictions primarily lead to activity redistribution rather than participation reduction, supporting the ‘balloon effect’ concept.

ABSTRACT Music genres are not merely aesthetic choices; they reflect socio-political conditions, generational identities, and mechanisms of cultural control. Under the communist regime, certain styles were promoted as symbols of collective identity, whereas others were treated as security threats. This dynamic persists today: subcultural scenes remain subject to scrutiny for their links to violence, drugs, or challenges to established structures, while for many young people they continue to represent spaces of autonomy and cultural resistance. This study examines the relationship between generational musical preferences and subcultural identification within historical and ideological contexts. It investigates how subcultural identities are rooted and how they shape musical taste and value orientations. Youth subcultural experiences endure into adulthood, as music and culture play key roles in forming memories and social bonds. The research employed a cross-sectional ex-post-facto design using an online questionnaire administered to 6,195 respondents across the Czech Republic, divided into three generations. Dependent variables included preferred music genres and six indices of subcultural membership. The findings show that musical preferences mirror historical and ideological influences: the older generation tends toward folk and country, the middle generation toward previously suppressed genres such as metal and punk, and the youngest toward rap and electronic music.

IntroductionBotulinum Toxin A is increasingly used as a preoperative adjunct in the management of complex abdominal wall hernias, particularly in those with wider defects and/or loss of domain. While its anatomical and surgical benefits have been documented, patient-reported outcomes remain underexplored.MethodsAn international, retrospective, observational study was conducted using a structured, anonymised survey available in five languages (German, English, Polish, French, Spanish). The survey included nine closed-ended and one open-ended question assessing pain perception, mobility, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary function, and changes in abdominal contour. It was distributed by medical teams and through patient support forums between 2024 and 2025. Patients included had received BTA injections 4–6 weeks prior to elective hernia surgery.ResultsSeventy patients from multiple European centres completed the survey. Pain during injection was minimal in 71.5% of cases, with 85.7% reporting complete resolution of pain within 1–3 days. Most respondents (74.3%) experienced no breathing difficulties and only mild symptoms in 18.6%. Mobility remained unchanged in 80%, while 15.7% noted slight deterioration. Changes in urinary and bowel function were uncommon and mostly transient. Over half of patients reported visible changes in abdominal shape. No severe complications were identified.ConclusionThis international patient survey suggests that BTA injections as preoperative preparation for complex hernias is well tolerated, with limited perceived side effects and functional disruption. These findings support its continued use and prompts further prospective data collection.