Pallas (Germany)

Purpose. The development of marine aquaculture in the Black Sea is relevant and promising for many reasons, as stated in the decisions and documents of national organizations in the region and the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM). Turbot is one of the most valuable fish marketed in seaside countries of the Black Sea as well as in the European Union. Various aspects of the biology of turbot have been investigated yet.Butunfortunately, surveillance procedures for listed diseasesandanalysis of the possibility its prevention and spread have not been provided. Therefore, in this study, in order to evaluate the data on viral diseases of turbot in Ukraine, in 2020 a field survey in free-living Black Sea turbot (Scophthalmus maeoticus) in the northern parts of Black Sea and Sea of Azov was carried out. Methodology. Before sampling all fish were observed for the external lesions, measured from snout to tail length and of total length and weight. Sampling included pooled internal organs, gills and brain. Cell culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were used to identify viral diseases. Findings. An external fish examination did not reveal any sign of disease. The internal organs, as well as the gills, were in good condition and had appropriate color, shape and without any pathological changes. All tested samples were free of IPNV, VHSV and VNN viruses as was determined by the methods of cell culture and PCR. The cytopathic effect (CPE) on cells was not observed after the first and the second blind passages. Using the RT-PCR method, we did not identify any of the viruses we were looking for. Originality. This was the first attempt to screen turbot viral diseases in the Ukrainian waters of the Black and Azov Seas. Practical value. In future the permanent surveillance of viral diseases in turbotin accordance with the EU strategy on animal health allows to prevent the outbreaks and develop new approaches for the diagnostic tests in purpose to study the ecology of pathogens in different areas. Key words: turbot, the Black Sea, viral diseases, cell culture, PCR.

In addition to topical, periocular and systemic administration, intravitreal injection has been established in recent years as an additional standard procedure for ophthalmological drug delivery. This route of administration is now most frequently used for the therapy of retinal diseases with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. A selective literature review and an analysis of own research data were carried out. Intravitreal administration achieves high drug concentrations in the target tissue while minimizing systemic drug exposure. Depending on properties such as molecular weight and binding capacity to the neonatal Fc receptor, intravitreally applied VEGF inhibitors can exhibit relevant differences in intraocular and systemic pharmacokinetics. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics can be affected by properties of the individual eye, such as ocular volume, vitreous liquefaction, and prior vitrectomy. Pharmacokinetics of intravitreally administered drugs determine both the duration of ocular effect and the degree of systemic exposure and are thus of clinical relevance with regard to the reinjection strategy and systemic safety.

Hintergrund: Mit dem Lensstar LS900 (LS) ist neben dem IOL-Master (IOLM) ein zweites Gerät verfügbar, das mittels Laserinterferometrie Achslängenmessungen und der Erhebung weitere Parameter zur Berechnung der intraokularen Optik ermöglicht. Vergleichsdaten sind bislang nicht verfügbar. Methoden: Bei 145 Patienten wurden vor Katarakt-OP die Achslänge (AL), Hornhautradien (HHR), Vorderkammertiefe (VK) sowie Hornhaut- und Linsendicke mit dem LS900 ermittelt. Ergebnisse: Für die AL (IOLM: 23,49±1,15, LS: 23,4 +/1,16mm) und HHR (IOLM: 7,66±0,26, LS: 7,67±0,26) waren signifikante (p<0,0001) aber irrelevante MW-Unterschiede feststellbar. Für die VK verwenden die Geräte unterschiedliche Bezugspunkte (IOLM: HH-Epithel bis Linsenvorderfläche; LS: HH-Endothel bis Linsenvorderfläche). Trotz Korrektur der Werte wurde ein Mittelwertunterschied von 0,2mm (IOLM: 2,99±0,39, LS: 3,19±0,39mm, p<0,0001) ermittelt. Die Bland-Altmann-Plots zeigten eine gute Übereinstimmung für AL- und HHR-Messung; bei der VK waren allerdings kritische Abweichungen feststellbar. Die Varianzanalyse der LS-Messung ergab für: AL 0,13%, HHR 0,41%, VK 2,39%, Hornhautdicke 0,53% und Linsendicke 3,85%. Zusammenfassung: Beide Geräte zeigten eine hohe Übereinstimmung bei AL und HHR. Deutliche Unterschiede waren bei der VK auszumachen. Die Varianzanalyse zeigte relative große Schwankungen der VK-Tief und Linsendicke beim Lenstar.

This paper describes an extension of the lock-free message passing idea to the native implementation of the MPI-2 collective operations for the shared memory based platforms. A handy notation is introduced for the description of the collective algorithms. The results of benchmarking demonstrate viability and competitiveness of this approach by comparing the performance of Sun HPC and Fujitsu MPI-2 with and without proposed native collective optimizations.

Fujitsu MPI-2 runs on a variety of platforms - from Fujitsu VPP vector machines through Sparc SMP computers to Linux SMP clusters - and brings to all of them a fully implemented MPI-2 together with the full IMPI functionality. The implementation happens to match or beat the respected competition on the intramachine benchmarks - and yet reach all over the world via TCP/IP networks.KeywordsMessage SizeProcess AttachmentCollective OperationNetwork File SystemRemote ProcessThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

To update recommendations issued by the American Heart Association last published in 1990 for the prevention of bacterial endocarditis in individuals at risk for this disease. An ad hoc writing group appointed by the American Heart Association for their expertise in endocarditis and treatment with liaison members representing the American Dental Association, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. The recommendations in this article reflect analyses of relevant literature regarding procedure-related endocarditis, in vitro susceptibility data of pathogens causing endocarditis, results of prophylactic studies in animal models of endocarditis, and retrospective analyses of human endocarditis cases in terms of antibiotic prophylaxis usage patterns and apparent prophylaxis failures. MEDLINE database searches from 1936 through 1996 were done using the root words endocarditis, bacteremia, and antibiotic prophylaxis. Recommendations in this document fall into evidence level III of the US Preventive Services Task Force categories of evidence. The recommendations were formulated by the writing group after specific therapeutic regimens were discussed. The consensus statement was subsequently reviewed by outside experts not affiliated with the writing group and by the Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee of the American Heart Association. These guidelines are meant to aid practitioners but are not intended as the standard of care or as a substitute for clinical judgment. Major changes in the updated recommendations include the following: (1) emphasis that most cases of endocarditis are not attributable to an invasive procedure; (2) cardiac conditions are stratified into high-, moderate-, and negligible-risk categories based on potential outcome if endocarditis develops; (3) procedures that may cause bacteremia and for which prophylaxis is recommended are more clearly specified; (4) an algorithm was developed to more clearly define when prophylaxis is recommended for patients with mitral valve prolapse; (5) for oral or dental procedures the initial amoxicillin dose is reduced to 2 g, a follow-up antibiotic dose is no longer recommended, erythromycin is no longer recommended for penicillin-allergic individuals, but clindamycin and other alternatives are offered; and (6) for gastrointestinal or genitourinary procedures, the prophylactic regimens have been simplified. These changes were instituted to more clearly define when prophylaxis is or is not recommended, improve practitioner and patient compliance, reduce cost and potential gastrointestinal adverse effects, and approach more uniform worldwide recommendations.

PALLAS is an independent German software company specializing in High Performance Computing. Apart from consulting and training services, a programming environment for developing, porting and tuning of parallel applications is available. It consists of VAMPIR: versatile performance analysis of MPI programs TotalView: parallel debugger for MPI/PARMACS/PVM programs HPF: High Performance Fortran from The Portland Group and provides quality and functionality across a wide range of parallel platforms from workstations to MPP systems.