Parents United for Responsible Education

ObjectiveTo comprehensively summarize the clinical and pathological characteristics of primary orbital neoplastic lesions with communication, thereby providing a solid basis for the diagnosis and treatment of such conditions.MethodA retrospective analysis of clinical cases was conducted. The clinical and pathological data of 862 patients diagnosed with primary orbital neoplasms with communication, including orbito-cranial, orbito-nasal, and orbito-crano-nasal communicating tumors, were collected. The data covered gender distribution, age at onset, presenting symptoms and signs, imaging findings, and treatment modalities. These data were systematically summarized according to pathological diagnoses.ResultsAmong all primary orbito-related communication neoplasms, meningioma was identified as the most common benign tumor (11.0%, 95/862), with a mean age of onset of 45.3 ± 12.7 years. Notably, 72.6% of meningiomas originated from the orbit, while 27.4% originated from intracranial sites. In contrast, adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor (9.5%, 82/862), with a mean age of onset of 39.1 ± 12.8 years. The majority of adenoid cystic carcinomas (59.8%) originated from the orbit, whereas 29.3% originated from the sinuses. In the pediatric population under the age of 14 years, a total of 102 cases were identified. Out of these, there were 67 cases of orbito-cranial communication (65.7%), 5 cases of orbito-nasal communication (4.9%), and 30 cases of orbito-crano-nasal communication (29.4%). Optic glioma was the most common benign tumor in pediatric orbito-cranial communication (22.4%, 15/67), with an average age of onset at 5.6 ± 4.2 years. The most prevalent malignant tumor among children with orbito-cranial communication was small round cell tumor (10.4%, 7/67), with an average age of onset at 4.6 ± 3.7 years. In children with orbital-cranio-nasal communication, sarcoma was identified as the most common malignant tumor (43.3%, 13/30), with 76.9% of tumors originating from the nose. The most common benign tumor in this group was nasopharyngeal fibroangioma (16.7%, 5/30), which exclusively affected males and originated from the nasopharynx.ConclusionThe clinical features and pathological classification of primary orbital tumors vary significantly depending on the type of communication. Moreover, there are substantial differences in the pathological subtypes of these orbital lesions between children and adults.

Abstract The current paper introduces a novel generalization of cone metric spaces called type I and type II composed cone metric spaces. Therefore, examples of a type I and type II composed cone metric space, which is not a cone metric space, are given. We establish some results of fixed point precisely about Hardy–Rogers type contraction on C2CMS and provide examples. Finally, we present an application of our results and how our results solve the Fredholm integral equation of generalizing several existing and unique fixed point theorems.

Cup products provide a natural approach to access higher bounded cohomology groups. We extend vanishing results on cup products of Brooks quasimorphisms of free groups to cup products of median quasimorphisms, i.e., Brooks-type quasimorphisms of group actions on CAT(0)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\\,\\mathrm{{CAT}}\\,}}(0)$$\\end{document} cube complexes. In particular, we obtain such vanishing results for groups acting on trees and for right-angled Artin groups. Moreover, we outline potential applications of vanishing results for cup products in bounded cohomology.

The emerging field of orbitronics exploits the electron orbital momentum L. Compared to spin-polarized electrons, L may allow the transfer of magnetic information with considerably higher density over longer distances in more materials. However, direct experimental observation of L currents, their extended propagation lengths and their conversion into charge currents has remained challenging. Here, we optically trigger ultrafast angular-momentum transport in Ni|W|SiO2 thin-film stacks. The resulting terahertz charge-current bursts exhibit a marked delay and width that grow linearly with the W thickness. We consistently ascribe these observations to a ballistic L current from Ni through W with a giant decay length (~80 nm) and low velocity (~0.1 nm fs−1). At the W/SiO2 interface, the L flow is efficiently converted into a charge current by the inverse orbital Rashba–Edelstein effect, consistent with ab initio calculations. Our findings establish orbitronic materials with long-distance ballistic L transport as possible candidates for future ultrafast devices and an approach to discriminate Hall-like and Rashba–Edelstein-like conversion processes.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is the only neglected disease that keeps progressing and spreading in many environmental conditions. Approximately two million new cases in various clinical manifestations occur yearly, putting more than 350 million people at risk of developing the disease. It represents one of the endemic diseases in Iraq. This study aims to use immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression of CD1a and CD68 in 15 healthy individuals and 45 leishmaniasis patients treated at different hospitals in a Thi-Qar Governorate method. CD1a1 and CD68 expression was increased significantly in leishmaniasis patients compared to the control group (P=0.0325 &0.0022), respectively. The results suggest that both proteins might encourage the development or aggressiveness of leishmaniasis. A further study is also required to clarify the role of these proteins and determine if they could serve as biomarkers for leishmaniasis.

The aim of the current research was to isolate and purify antimicrobial cationic peptides (Amps) taken from camel blood and to study its antibacterial activity against some multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis. The results showed the possibility of obtaining these peptides from camel's white blood cells, and was separated by using Reversed-Phased-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) technical equipment. The results showed the presence of 21 absorption peaks of the isolated peptide extract. The two-stage-radial diffusions method was used to study the activity of the crude peptide against the studied bacteria. The results showed that these peptides were effective without any resistance. The best effect was on the Bacillus subtilis with a diameter of 31 mm inhibition, while the less effect was on the Salmonella typhimurium with a diameter of 20 mm.

Abstract The use of digital technologies opens the door to new business opportunities for traditional product manufacturing companies thanks to the numerous services that these technologies make possible. This trend, referred to as digital transformation, has taken over the business world in recent years. In this new technology‐enabled opportunity space, the appropriateness of traditional Product Line Systems Engineering (PLSE) practices can be questioned. This paper addresses the different challenges facing the application of PLSE to product‐service systems, including those supported by digital technologies. To meet these challenges, a conceptual framework that extends current PLSE practices in order to define a structured approach for Product‐Service Product Lines (PSPL) is proposed. The fundamental concepts behind the framework include a typology of PSPL and specific methods for architecting and engineering the PSPL (more precisely, for managing the variability of the PSPL), and for aligning the business strategies of classical product lines (i.e. tangible, physical product lines) with those of their corresponding, and less classical, service product lines. The authors believe that the proposed framework can help evolve the practice of PLSE and enhance the foundations of Systems Engineering with useful concepts.

Abstract Green and Tao famously proved in 2005 that any subset of the primes of fixed positive density contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. Green had previously shown that, in fact, any subset of the primes of relative density tending to zero sufficiently slowly contains a three-term progression. This was followed by work of Helfgott and de Roton, and Naslund, who improved the bounds on the relative density in the case of three-term progressions. The aim of this note is to present an analogous result for longer progressions by combining a quantified version of the relative Szemerédi theorem given by Conlon, Fox and Zhao with Henriot's estimates of the enveloping sieve weights.

Let$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{2}>1$and$T_{i}(x,y)=((x+i)/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{1},(y+i)/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{2}),i\in \{\pm 1\}$. Let$A:=A_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{2}}$be the unique compact set satisfying$A=T_{1}(A)\cup T_{-1}(A)$. In this paper, we give a detailed analysis of$A$and the parameters$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{2})$where$A$satisfies various topological properties. In particular, we show that if$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{1}<\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{2}<1.202$, then$A$has a non-empty interior, thus significantly improving the bound from Dajaniet al[Self-affine sets with positive Lebesgue measure.Indag. Math. (N.S.)25(2014), 774–784]. In the opposite direction, we prove that the connectedness locus for this family studied in Solomyak [Connectedness locus for pairs of affine maps and zeros of power series.Preprint, 2014, arXiv:1407.2563] is not simply connected. We prove that the set of points of$A$which have a unique address has positive Hausdorff dimension for all$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{2})$. Finally, we investigate simultaneous$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{2})$-expansions of reals, which were the initial motivation for studying this family in Güntürk [Simultaneous and hybrid beta-encodings.Information Sciences and Systems, 2008. CISS 2008. 42nd Annual Conference2008, pp. 743–748].

Abstract Let $G$ be a finite group, let ${\it\pi}(G)$ be the set of prime divisors of $|G|$ and let ${\rm\Gamma}(G)$ be the prime graph of $G$. This graph has vertex set ${\it\pi}(G)$, and two vertices $r$ and $s$ are adjacent if and only if $G$ contains an element of order $rs$. Many properties of these graphs have been studied in recent years, with a particular focus on the prime graphs of finite simple groups. In this note, we determine the pairs $(G,H)$, where $G$ is simple and $H$ is a proper subgroup of $G$ such that ${\rm\Gamma}(G)={\rm\Gamma}(H)$.