Pathumthani University

Abstract Marine waste pollution is a severe environmental issue, and innovative waste valorisation measures are needed to counteract its effects. As awareness of waste management globally continues to grow, awareness and practice of aquatic waste valorisation are still quite low. This research examines public awareness, attitudes and practices towards aquatic waste valorisation, including technological perceptions and policy implications. A mixed-methods design was used, with quantitative surveys complemented by structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine associations between awareness, behavioural engagement and technological trust. Key determinants of participation were measured in the study, such as personal responsibility, institutional accountability and technological interventions like artificial intelligence (AI) and extended reality (XR). Results reveal that levels of awareness regarding aquatic waste valorisation are moderate (Mean = 3.61), and social networks significantly influence public awareness (Mean = 3.67). Positive attitudes towards waste valorisation were found (Mean = 4.11 for personal responsibility, Mean = 4.16 for government support), but willingness to participate (Mean = 4.14) outweighs actual involvement (Mean = 3.36). Inhibitors like complexity (Mean = 3.35) and information deficiency (Mean = 3.73) prevent participation while economic rewards (Mean = 3.88) could be motivating factors. SEM findings validate that awareness plays a significant role in shaping technological perception (β = 0.68), highlighting the educational role in AI-based waste management solutions. This research underscores the need for integrated policy actions, technological measures and grassroots initiatives to further aquatic waste valorisation activities. Although public opinion is positive, structural impediments need to be overcome to realise intention into action.

Ensuring a sustainable source of nutritious food is critical for long-duration space missions. Thai landrace rice 466HM exhibits high nutritional value and stress resilience, making it a promising candidate for space cultivation, yet its response to low Earth orbit (LEO) conditions remains poorly understood. This study compared rice grains maintained under terrestrial conditions with grains stored aboard the Shijian-19 (SJ-19) reusable satellite, orbiting at ~336 km for 13.5 days under microgravity (2-7 × 10-7g) and an absorbed radiation dose of ~0.153 rad (Si). Volatile compound profiling, texture analysis of cooked grains, and simulated gastrointestinal digestion followed by peptide mass fingerprinting were performed. LEO-exposed rice grains exhibited a 1.67-fold increase in adhesiveness compared to Earth-based rice (p < 0.01), while hardness remained unchanged between the two groups (p > 0.05), alongside distinct alterations in flavor-related volatile compounds and peptide profiles. Principal component analysis revealed clear separation between Earth and LEO-exposed samples, indicating microgravity-associated shifts in digestible peptide composition. Cytotoxicity assessment using MTT assays in HT-29 and HepG2 cells confirmed the safety of both rice types. These findings demonstrate that orbital conditions influence the compositional, functional, and sensory attributes of rice, providing insights relevant to space agriculture and astronaut nutrition.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. EGFR overexpression is associated with tumor recurrence and poor prognosis, yet current EGFR-targeted therapies show limited efficacy. To identify alternative therapeutic candidates, we performed subtractive bio-panning of a naïve human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) phage display library against CCA cell lysates. Three novel scFv antibodies-E1, G8, and H2-were selected based on preferential binding to CCA cells with minimal cross-reactivity to unrelated cancers and normal fibroblasts. Surface plasmon resonance and kinase inhibition assays demonstrated that G8 and H2 bound the EGFR tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) domain with nanomolar affinities and suppressed kinase activity, whereas E1 showed weak binding and no kinase inhibition. All three scFvs exhibited efficient internalization into EGFR-overexpressing HuCCA-1 cells. Functional analyses revealed distinct effects on cell growth: G8 and H2 reduced EGFR phosphorylation, decreased cell viability, and induced apoptosis accompanied by S/G₂-M phase accumulation, whereas E1 primarily inhibited proliferation through G₁-phase arrest without significantly affecting EGFR phosphorylation. Molecular docking predicted that G8 interacts near the ATP-binding pocket and H2 at the dimerization interface of EGFR-TK. These interactions may contribute to EGFR inhibition in HuCCA-1 cells. These findings suggest that G8 and H2 function as intracellular inhibitors of EGFR-TK activity and are promising candidates for antibody-based therapy in EGFR-driven CCA.

Dynamical downscaling is an essential approach for bridging the gap between coarse-resolution global climate models and regional details required for climate impact assessment and sustainable development planning. Thailand, a climate-sensitive country in Southeast Asia, requires robust climate information to support its adaptation and resilience strategies. This study evaluated the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in dynamically downscaling selected Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations over Thailand during the baseline period of 1976–2005. A two-way nested WRF configuration was employed, with domains covering Southeast Asia (36 km) and Thailand (12 km) in the model. Model outputs were compared with gridded observations from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU TS), and spatial variations were analyzed across six administrative regions in Thailand. The WRF successfully reproduces broad climatological patterns, including the precipitation contrast between mountainous and lowland areas and the north–south gradient of temperature. Seasonal cycles of rainfall and temperature are generally well represented, although systematic biases remain, specifically the overestimation of orographic rainfall and a cold bias in high-elevation regions. The 12 km WRF simulations demonstrated improved special and temporal agreement with the CRU TS dataset, showing a national-scale wet bias (MBE = +17.14 mm/month), especially during the summer monsoon (+65.22 mm/month). Temperature simulations exhibited seasonal derivations, with a warm bias in the pre-monsoon season and a cold bias during the cool season, resulting in annual cold biases in both maximum (−1.25 C) and minimum (−0.80 C) temperatures. Despite systematic biases, WRF-CMIP5 downscaled framework provides enhanced regional climate information and valuable insights to support national-to-local climate change adaptation, resilience planning, and sustainable development strategies in Thailand and the broader Southeast Asian region.

Goat placenta (GP) extract contains bioactive macromolecules that stimulate skin cell growth; however, the transdermal delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules remains limited. This study aimed to develop PEGylated nanocarriers combined with microneedles (MN) as a transdermal delivery approach for macromolecular proteins from GP extract. PEGylated liposomes (P-LI) and PEGylated nanoparticles (P-NP) were formulated to entrap GP extract and subsequently combined with MN patches. In vitro permeation studies and pathway visualization were conducted using bovine serum albumin–fluorescein isothiocyanate (BSA-FITC) as a model protein. The GP extract-loaded P-LI exhibited the highest protein entrapment efficiency, uniform nanovesicle formation, narrow size distribution, and negative surface charge, making it the optimal candidate for MN loading. The P-LI-loaded MN system enhanced both skin permeation and dermal deposition of the macromolecular proteins, resulting in their accumulation in the deeper skin layers. In conclusion, the P-LI–MN system provides an effective platform for the transdermal delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules from GP extract.

This study examines the role of conceptual metaphors related to emotion, time, and identity in meaning-making within Pim Wangtechawat's The Moon Represents My Heart by analyzing their application throughout three diasporic generations. Despite the proliferation of conceptual metaphor research within cognitive linguistics, there are no studies employing integrated multi-lens frameworks on contemporary Thai-authored English narratives, with even fewer investigating intergenerational transitions. To rectify this deficiency, we performed a two-stage thematic analysis of the novel's text, utilizing Lakoff's structural mappings, Kövecses's culturally grounded emotion model, and Semino's narrative-function approach. Three independent coders attained high Item-Objective Congruence, and the incorporation of theory triangulation with subject-matter specialists enhanced the credibility and reliability of our coding. This research indicates that first-generation voices utilize containment and inheritance metaphors to strengthen communal identity; second-generation characters transform these mappings into hybrid constructs that reflect filial tension; and third-generation protagonists employ dynamic, journey-oriented metaphors that balance heritage with self-expression. This study is limited by its examination of a single English-language text, lacking direct comparison to the Thai original or other Thai-authored works. Subsequent study ought to include bilingual corpora and cross-linguistic analyses, while also broadening the dataset to encompass various texts and genres, to enhance our comprehension of the functioning of metaphorical framing across languages, contexts, and developing diasporic identities.

This study employs a cross-sectional survey to assess the support needs of COVID-19 patients within the Help Society network, considering the outbreak's extensive social consequences. Assistance‒including medication, food supplies, counseling, oxygen tanks, bed supplies, and patient transportation‒is dynamically allocated to respond to the varying intensity of COVID-19 waves. Data were collected from March to May 2023 via Google Forms and Line Official Accounts within the Help Society and the Volunteer Club at Sirindhornrajavidhayalaya Campus (Bundit Asa) from 120 respondents (average age: 39.27 years, SD = 11.69), and analyzed using nonparametric test. The results reveal that the most frequently requested forms of assistance were medication, food supplies, and counseling. Medication usage is catagorized into three types: herbal remedies (79.17%), contemporary pharmaceuticals (61.67%), and COVID-19-specific antiviral drugs (25%). Notably, there is a significant discrepancy between the medicines dispensed and actual medication utilization by patients (p &lt;.001). Specifically, 64% adhered to the prescribed dosage, while 23% exceeded it, and 13% underutilized it. Furthermore, after five days of medication, participants reported substantial relief from thirteen symptoms (p &lt; 0.05). This research highlights the complex relationship between pandemic response strategies and individual treatment adherence within the Help Society network, providing valuable insights for optimizing assistance during public health crises.

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is a brush border enzyme secreted by enterocytes, playing a crucial role in maintaining gut mucosal defense. This study investigated the expression dynamics of IAP in the small intestine of pigs challenged with Escherichia coli (E. coli) K88, compared to healthy controls. Five-week-old pigs (n = 8) were orally administered E. coli K88 at a concentration of 2 × 108 CFU/mL, with a dose of 2 mL per pig at 0 and 24 h. Five days post-challenge, tissue samples from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected for mucosal morphometric analysis and evaluation of IAP expression via immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and real-time PCR. The results revealed the presence of IAP on the apical surface of villi throughout the small intestine, along with significantly upregulated IAP expression in E. coli-challenged pigs compared to controls. These findings suggest that Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli can induce IAP expression, likely through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, thereby enhancing its enzymatic activity as part of the intestinal defense mechanism. This study provides insight into the protective role of IAP and highlights its potential as a biomarker for assessing gut health and diagnosing enteric infections in animals.