Perbanas Institute

PT Bukit Asam Tbk is a state-owned mining and palm oil company listed on the IDX. However, it is uncertain whether its investment funds and financial statements comprising income statements, equity statements, and balance sheets have been properly audited and managed, particularly during periods of declining income. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of investment funds and financial statements on the solvency ratio at PT Bukit Asam Tbk, both partially and simultaneously, during the period 2011 to 2021. This research was conducted at PT Bukit Asam Tbk; the data sourced from the financial reports published on the IDX. This study employed quantitative data, derived from secondary sources, and were processed using Eviews 10 over a timeframe of 2011–2021, comprising 11 annual observations. Based on the results, the t-test indicates that not all investment fund and financial statement variables have a significant effect on the solvency ratio. This implies that business management has been less effective in managing its investment funds. The F-test, however, indicates a significant combined effect on the company's solvency. This highlights the importance of effectively managing investment funds and financial reports in order to positively influence solvency.

Latar belakang: Industri batubara Indonesia memasuki fase transformasi struktural yang dipengaruhi oleh keterbatasan cadangan, perubahan kebijakan produksi, serta tekanan transisi energi global. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak pembatasan produksi batubara terhadap ekosistem industri, mengkaji implikasi keterbatasan cadangan terhadap posisi strategis komoditas ini dalam ekonomi nasional, serta menilai keterkaitan kebijakan produksi dengan strategi transisi energi berkelanjutan, khususnya dalam konteks rencana penurunan produksi nasional secara signifikan pada tahun 2026. Berbeda dengan studi sebelumnya yang umumnya membahas sektor batubara secara parsial, penelitian ini menawarkan pendekatan integratif dengan menempatkan kebijakan produksi sebagai variabel strategis dalam pengelolaan transisi energi nasional. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi literatur, analisis kebijakan, dan sintesis data industri untuk memahami hubungan antara kebijakan produksi, ketahanan cadangan, stabilitas ekonomi, dan adaptasi strategi industri. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembatasan produksi batubara menimbulkan dampak sistemik terhadap rantai nilai industri, stabilitas ekonomi daerah, penerimaan negara, dan devisa ekspor. Keterbatasan cadangan menegaskan bahwa batubara tidak lagi dapat diposisikan sebagai komoditas ekspansif jangka panjang, melainkan sebagai sumber daya strategis dalam masa transisi energi. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan produksi batubara perlu diintegrasikan dalam strategi energi nasional agar mampu menjaga stabilitas ekonomi sekaligus mendukung transformasi energi Indonesia secara bertahap dan berkelanjutan.

The implementation of ISA 701 on Key Audit Matters (KAM) aims to increase the transparency and communicative value of auditor reports and reduce audit expectation gaps. However, empirical findings suggest that KAM disclosure is increasingly dominated by boilerplate textual practices in the form of redaction uniformity and narrative repetition, which have the potential to degrade the informative value of KAM and make it merely a form of formal compliance. This study aims to systematically synthesize the latest empirical literature to assess the impact of KAM boilerplate on the communicative value of auditor reports and to identify the factors that encourage its occurrence. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 18 reputable journal articles indexed in Scopus and published between 2021 and 2025. The results of the synthesis show that the majority of studies found that KAM boilerplate practices significantly lower communicative value, weaken market reactions, and risk creating pseudo-transparency. However, some studies have shown that KAM remains informative when auditors face high audit and litigation risk and actively apply professional judgment. The determinants of KAM boilerplate were identified at five main levels: auditor characteristics, the routine and organizational structure of KAP, client characteristics, the regulatory and institutional context, and linguistic factors. This study concludes that the main problem with KAM lies in implementation practices rather than the design of the ISA 701 standard.

Audit quality plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability of financial statements; however, the determinants influencing audit quality remain empirically inconsistent. Several studies report that audit fees, client firm size, and the size of Public Accounting Firms (PAFs) significantly affect audit quality, while other findings indicate negative or insignificant effects. To address these inconsistencies, this study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach with a qualitative research design. The literature was collected from academic databases and analyzed descriptively by categorizing findings based on the direction of the relationships between variables. The results indicate that audit fees, client firm size, and PAF size influence audit quality, although the direction and significance of these effects vary across studies due to differences in industry context, research periods, methodologies, and proxies used to measure audit quality. In addition, this study identifies other variables that warrant further investigation, including audit tenure, auditor rotation, auditor independence, and financial performance.

This study examines how career growth and the work environment affect employee turnover, using work motivation as a mediating factor among Mekaar Region Surabaya 1 workers. The high percentage of employee absenteeism and resignation, which reflects low work motivation and rising turnover, is the primary issue this study attempts to address. A quantitative survey method was employed as the research strategy. With a sample size of 90 respondents, the study population consisted of all 945 employees of Mekaar Region Surabaya 1. Questionnaires were used to collect data, which were then analyzed using partial least squares in structural equation modeling. The findings show that career growth and the workplace have a favorable and substantial impact on employee motivation. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that the work environment and career growth on turnover are mediated by work motivation. This implies that an employee's motivation to work increases with the quality of the workplace and the clarity of the career development prospects offered, which eventually lessens their desire to quit the organization. It is anticipated that these results will be used as a guide when developing plans to improve the workplace and create a long-term career development program in order to boost employee motivation and retention

This study evaluates the application of financial technology (FinTech) and artificial intelligence (AI), as well as the transparency of their disclosure in Sustainability Reports across four types of financial service institutions (FSIs) in Indonesia: banks, insurance companies, finance companies, and securities firms. By analysing the content of 20 Sustainability Reports, this study finds that banks have the highest level of technology implementation and disclosure, followed by finance, insurance, and securities firms. Although FinTech and AI contribute to operational efficiency, service innovation, and the expansion of financial access, disclosures related to these technologies are still limited in Sustainability Reports, often using terms like “digitalisation” without explicit explanation. These findings underscore the importance of enhanced transparency in technology disclosure to foster public trust and accountability, as well as to ensure compliance with regulations such as the OJK Regulation on Sustainable Finance. This study recommends strengthening reporting standards and regulatory guidelines to improve technology disclosures in the financial sector, thus enabling a sustainable andinclusive digital financial ecosystem.

This study aims to determine the effect of People’s Business Credit (KUR) Distribution, Non Performing Loan (NPL), Bank Indonesia Rate Level and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on profitability at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk for the period 2016-2023. The population in this study were all financial reports published by PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk for the period 2016-2023. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with the criteria for presenting data on people’s business credit distribution, Non Performing Loan (NPL), Bank Indonesia Rate Level and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and profitability at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk for the period 2016-2023. The data analysis of this study used SPSS. The results of the study showed that the People's Business Credit (KUR) Distribution variable partially had a positive and significant effect on the profitability of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia with a significant value of 0.044. The Non Performing Loan (NPL) variable partially has a negative and significant effect on the profitability of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia with a significant value of 0.017. The Bank Indonesia Interest Rate variable partially has a positive and significant effect on the profitability of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia with a significant value of 0.031. While the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) variable partially has a positive and insignificant effect on the profitability of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia with a significant value of 0.083. This study shows that 58% of the profitability of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia is influenced by the Distribution of People's Business Credit, Non Performing Loan (NPL), Bank Indonesia Interest Rate and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) together.

Community service was conducted in Desa Jambudipa, Kabupaten Bandung Barat, aiming to improve the competitiveness of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) hindered by weak financial management and low digital literacy. The program employed the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach through participatory training and mentorship stages. Data were collected via observation, interviews, and pre- and post-training assessments, then analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Results showed a significant improvement in participants' digital bookkeeping skills and financial management understanding, with a positive correlation between digital adoption and business performance (r=0.67, p<0.05). The program transformed traditional bookkeeping into a transparent, efficient, sustainable digital system. This asset-based model has the potential to be replicated in other rural communities.

The global shift from shareholder-oriented governance toward stakeholder capitalism has positioned Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) integration as a strategic instrument for corporate value creation. However, empirical findings on the ESG–corporate value relationship remain inconsistent, particularly regarding the internal mechanisms linking ESG to economic performance. This study aims to examine the effect of ESG Integration on Sustainability Management and Corporate Value, as well as the mediating role of Sustainability Management. Using a quantitative explanatory approach with Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM–PLS), data were collected from 180 companies implementing ESG practices. The results reveal that ESG Integration has a positive and significant effect on Sustainability Management and Corporate Value. Furthermore, Sustainability Management significantly influences Corporate Value and mediates the relationship between ESG Integration and Corporate Value. These findings confirm that ESG functions not merely as a legitimacy tool but as a value driver when structurally embedded within sustainability management systems.