Petkus (Germany)

Occupational dermatoses represent a significant challenge across numerous industries. Therefore, occupational skin protection creams are frequently used as a preventative measure, yet their efficacy, particularly against hydrophobic working materials, remains inconclusive. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge concerning the mechanisms by which skin protection creams support skin barrier function, as well as the limitations of available testing methods. Current evaluation methods range from in vitro assays to ex vivo and in vivo models, each possessing distinct advantages and disadvantages. While several clinical studies demonstrate effectiveness against hydrophilic irritants, standardized and ethically viable methods for assessing protection against hydrophobic substances are lacking. Future research should focus on the development and validation of improved in vitro and ex vivo models, coupled with enhanced workplace simulation techniques, to facilitate a more accurate translation of laboratory findings to real-world occupational settings. Consistent and reliable testing is essential to ensure continued efficacy of these products in light of evolving regulatory landscapes.

Fahrerassistenzsysteme und automatisches Fahren gewinnen im Bereich der Mobilitat mehr und mehr an Bedeutung. Durch erhohte Sicherheit und die Moglichkeit einer anderweitigen Nutzung der Reisezeit wird die Entwicklung intelligenter Fahrzeuge die Mobilitat der Zukunft neu definieren. Um die Grenzen der Systeme fur vollautomatisches Fahren zu erweitern, versuchen Forschungseinrichtungen und Firmen bereits, neben gut strukturierten Autobahn-Szenarien auch komplexere Fahrzeugumgebungen zu meistern, wie z.B. den Stadtverkehr. Wahrend derzeitige Methoden zur kamerabasierten Fahrzeugumfelderfassung traditionelle Bildsegmentierungs- und Objekterkennungstechniken verwenden, stellt diese Arbeit einen grosen Schritt in Richtung umfassenden Szenenverstehens dar. Zu diesem Zweck werden leistungsfahige Methoden des maschinellen Lernens eingesetzt, um die raumlichen Beziehungen zwischen diversen Merkmalen im Kamerabild und der Fahrzeugtrajektorie zu lernen. Das Zusammenfuhren der raumlichen Beziehungen aller gefundenen Merkmale eines Kamerabildes resultiert in einer sogenannten Verteilungskarte, in die ein Fahrstreifenmodell eingepasst werden kann. Des Weiteren wird mit Hilfe globaler Bildmerkmale der Kontext der aktuellen Szene bestimmt. Es werden verschiedene Moglichkeiten untersucht, mit Hilfe der gewonnenen Kontextinformation die Fahrstreifenerkennung zu verbessern, und es wird erlautert, wie ein solches globales Verfahren mit einer lokalen Methode zur Fahrstreifen- bzw. Fahrstreifenbegrenzungserkennung kombiniert werden kann. Es wird gezeigt, dass viele verschiedene Arten von Merkmalen in der Fahrzeugumgebung wichtige Informationen uber die Lage des Fahrstreifens liefern und dass dieser Fahrstreifen im Bild detektiert werden kann, indem dessen raumliche Beziehungen zu diesen Merkmalen modelliert werden. Auserdem wird gezeigt, wie zusatzliches Wissen uber den aktuellen Kontext die Qualitat der Fahrstreifenerkennung erhohen kann.

The demands for increasing global crop production have prompted the development of new approaches relying on molecular marker technologies to investigate and improve the plant genome. The merits of molecular markers make them valuable tools in a range of research areas. This review describes novel approaches based on modern molecular marker technologies for characterization and utilization of genetic variation for wheat improvement. Large-scale genome characterization by DNA-fingerprinting has revealed no declining trends in the molecular genetic diversity in wheat as a consequence of modern intensive breeding thus opposing the genetic ‘erosion’ hypothesis. A great number of important major genes and quantitative trait loci have been mapped with molecular markers. Marker-assisted selection based on a tight linkage between a marker allele and a gene(s) governing a qualitative or quantitative trait is gaining considerable importance as it facilitates and accelerates cultivar improvement through precise transfer of chromosome regions carrying the gene of interest. The implementations of molecular markers in wheat genotyping, mapping and breeding complemented by specific approaches associated with the complex polyploid nature of common wheat are analyzed and presented.

To elucidate the potential of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in rye, a set of 48 barley EST (expressed sequence tag) primer pairs was employed to amplify from DNA prepared from five rye inbred lines. A total of 96 SNPs and 26 indels (insertion-deletions) were defined from the sequences of 14 of the resulting amplicons, giving an estimated frequency of 1 SNP per 58 bp and 1 indel per 214 bp in the rye transcriptome. A mean of 3.4 haplotypes per marker with a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.66 were observed. The nucleotide diversity index (pi) was estimated to be in the range 0.0059-0.0530. To improve assay cost-effectiveness, 12 of the 14 SNPs were converted to a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) format. The resulting 12 SNP loci mapped to chromosomes 1R, 3R, 4R, 5R, 6R, and 7R, at locations consistent with their known map positions in barley. SNP genotypic data were compared with genomic simple sequence repeat (SSR) and EST-derived SSR genotypic data collected from the same templates. This showed a broad equivalence with respect to genetic diversity between these different data types.

Abstract The distribution of the wheat–rye translocation 1RS.1BL was studied in 31 winter wheat varieties from Bulgaria. The presence of the translocation was verified in 17 varieties using chromosome N‐banding analysis, PAGE‐analysis of grain storage proteins and DNA‐marker analysis. The 1RS.1BL has been transmitted in 54% of varieties with a known source of the translocation in their pedigree.

Cereals provide for our major food crops, and therefore have been a subject of detailed genetic and cytogenetic studies during major part of the last century. These studies led to the preparation of linkage maps, which were also assigned to individual chromosomes, thus leading to the construction of chromosome maps in all major cereals. In some cases, the availability of cytogenetic stocks (e.g. deletion stocks in bread wheat) also allowed construction of physical maps. In the past, a major limitation in the construction of genetic maps has been the non-availability of mutants for majority of individual genes, so that only handful of genes could be mapped. However, during 1980s, the availability of molecular markers and the high level of DNA polymorphism, which they detect, led to renewed emphasis on genetic and physica........

Abstract In order to investigate the significance of seed source on yield and related characters 47 seed lots of seven faba bean varieties and 24 seed lots of five dry pea varieties were tested in three series of field trials. The grain yield of the faba bean varieties tested was considerably modified by seed source, whereas only small and nonsignificant effects of seed source were found in dry peas. In general, seed sources with a high thousand grain weight, a high protein content, high portions of undamaged and healthy seeds, and in faba beans a high degree of cross‐fertilization exhibited superior grain yields. Production of high‐performance seed proved to be the most difficult for the large‐seeded and white‐flowered faba bean varieties. Based on a tabular summary on factors affecting effects of seed source problems of seed production in both grain legumes and their impact on yield are discussed.

Abstract In order to evaluate the effects of heterogeneity and heterozygosity on yield stability in faba beans, genotypes were generated with contrasting population structures, differing only in their levels of heterogeneity and heterozygosity. All entries were based on either eight or 36 inbred lines, respectively. The population structures tested consisted of pure stands of the inbred lines (1) and of their F1,‐hybrids (2), blends of the inbred lines (3) and of their F1 hybrids (4), four‐component synthetics in different Syngenerations (5), the open‐pollinated source varieties (6) and 36 polycross progenies (7). Five different entry sets (= data sets), each covering several of the seven population structures listed, were grown during 1986 to 1991 in at least four different environments in Western Germany and tested for yield.Stability parameters, i.e., the regression coefficient and deviation from regression (EBERHART and RUSSELL 1966), and the ecovalence (WRICKE 1962), revealed that yield stability of the different population structures was improved by increasing heterozygosity as well as heterogeneity. But the impact of both factors of diversity on yield stability varied between the different data sets. Positive effects of both factors on yield stability seemed to be additively combined in the hybrid blends (data set I). The same proved to be partly true for the four different Syn‐generations of the nine synthetics tested. Yield advantage of the different heterozygous variety structures over the homozygous ones in creased with increasing yield level at test sites, as indicated by regression coefficients larger than 1.