Petra Christian University

Global warming is increasing, and buildings with glass envelopes are one of its contributing factors. Glass increases visual comfort but can also increase heat gain, which results in increased energy needs. Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 6389:2020 provides energy conservation strategies for building envelopes, including using external shading devices to reduce the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV). On the other hand, this strategy can reduce the intensity of natural lighting, thereby increasing the energy needed for artificial lighting. Therefore, optimization is required. This study aimed to evaluate the types and configurations of shading devices that can optimize OTTV and natural lighting performance and to identify how much influence the OTTV variables and natural lighting performance have. The method used was quantitative, with experiments using the Ecotect and Ladybug Tools simulation programs. The results showed that the combination type of external shading device could reduce OTTV to a maximum limit of 16% and maintain the intensity of natural lighting (sDA) within the threshold of 61.8% and free from glare (sGA) by 94.9%. There is a correlation between OTTV and natural lighting performance. The increase in OTTV is directly proportional to the intensity of natural lighting and glare. The highest correlation was found in the vertical type, followed by the horizontal type, and the lowest in the combination.

This research aims to evaluate the impact of tax avoidance on both firm value and cost of debt for firms and diverse businesses. In performing its functions and duties, this paper will apply hypothesis testing methods, starting from a total of two hypotheses. The sample used involves 803 non-financial firms listed on the IDX during the period from 2021 to 2024, which amounts to a total of 3,212 observations. The findings vary across the sectors, which is partially inconsistent with the initial hypotheses that tax avoidance affects firm value and the cost of debt negatively. Regarding its effect on firm value, tax avoidance has a positive impact in the healthcare sector, but a negative impact on the consumer staples and utilities sectors. Meanwhile, for the cost of debt, tax avoidance shows a positive effect in the industrial and material sector, but a negative impact on the real estate and utilities sector. This research contributes to practice by helping companies design their tax avoidance strategies and by providing investors with insights into their investment decisions.

With the decarbonization of internal combustion engines, alternative fuels have gained increasing attention. When using fuels with low combustibility, such as ammonia, detailed analysis of the intake system and in-cylinder flow is essential for improving combustion efficiency. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) has been widely used to extract coherent structures in flow fields within internal combustion engines. However, most previous studies have focused on analyzing cycle-to-cycle variations in gasoline engines, while time-resolved analysis within a single cycle of diesel engines has rarely been conducted. In this study, the effect of tangential port opening on in-cylinder flow characteristics was investigated using an optical single-cylinder diesel engine equipped with two intake ports and two exhaust ports. The opening area of the tangential port was varied under five conditions using different gaskets, and in-cylinder velocities were measured using particle image velocimetry. POD was applied to the acquired velocity data to evaluate the flow structures of the higher modes and their correlations with the mean flow and turbulence intensity. The results showed that in POD mode 1, a swirl flow was formed during the compression stroke when the tangential port opening exceeded 25%. Evaluation of the correlation between POD mode 1 and the ensemble-averaged flow using the relevance index revealed a strong correlation during the compression stroke. In POD mode 2, complex flows were observed during the intake stroke, and structures different from the mean flow were also confirmed during the compression stroke. A moderate correlation was observed between POD mode 2 and turbulence intensity under all conditions. Energy contribution analysis indicated that in the early intake stroke, the variation in mode 1 was large, and the flows represented by mode 2 and higher modes were dominant, whereas in the late compression stroke, mode 1 consistently accounted for a higher proportion.

Interior design in restaurants not only serves as a setting for food presentation but also functions as a medium for representing cultural identity. In the context of ethnic restaurants, the spatial atmosphere created through interior elements plays a crucial role in shaping an authentic dining experience. This study aims to analyze the application of East Javanese cultural elements in the interior design of Hallo Surabaya Kertajaya Restaurant as an effort to preserve Surabaya’s local culture. The background of this research arises from the growing tendency of urban communities to appreciate local values, both in culinary practices and spatial ambiance. A qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method was employed in this study. Data were collected through field observations, interviews with restaurant owners and users, and literature studies related to interior design and East Javanese culture. The design process was analyzed using the design thinking framework as a tool for analysis and design development. The results indicate that the integration of Arek Surabaya cultural elements—such as distinctive batik motifs, the use of local materials (wood, bamboo, and rattan), symbolic ornaments, and warm, adaptive spatial characteristics—strengthens the restaurant’s identity and enhances the overall quality of the spatial experience. These findings confirm that interior design based on local cultural values not only contributes to cultural preservation but also improves spatial atmosphere and user comfort.

Excerpts from verse and prose works by Venantius Fortunatus are presented in which references to the city of Rome appear: to its martyrs, its sovereigns and its illustrious families, to personalities and places of culture. The mention of personalities of ancient Rome appears in rhetorically connoted contexts: emperors and leaders constitute exempla for the sovereigns, the literati appear either in the context of the locus humilitatis referring to the poet himself or in the praises of cultured dignitaries, ecclesiastics and laymen, of the Merovingian kingdoms, especially if they could boast descent from families of senatorial rank, custodians of cultural continuity with the Roman past.

The high number of motorcycle accidents due to rider negligence confirms the need for an active safety system that is able to respond to emergency conditions, while research on auto-brakes is still limited, especially in terms of the detection distance of objects which are generally only active when there are objects within 9 meters according to sensor calibration and control logic as well as the application in low-speed vehicles at least 5 km/h. This research designed an Arduino Uno-based auto-brake system with LiDAR and infrared sensors to detect objects in front of the vehicle, with a braking mechanism running a servo motor that presses the main brake. The research methods include hardware design, sensor–actuator integration, fuzzy logic programming, and stationary testing using bike-based prototypes with variations in distance and speed. The results showed that the system was able to respond effectively at a distance of 700 cm with a maximum braking angle of 40°, maintaining stability in sudden conditions, thus confirming the effectiveness of fuzzy logic-based auto-brakes in improving rider safety while opening up the direction of further research for two-wheeled adaptive safety systems.

This study analyses Disney’s live-action Mulan (2020), focusing on Mulan’s defiance of traditional roles. This movie highlights the theme of female empowerment as she frees herself from conventional female roles. This study examines Mulan’s behaviors that are inconsistent with the expected gender roles, leading to her liberation by embracing both her feminine and masculine traits. This analysis employs two main theories: The social Role theory, which focuses on gender roles, and Confucianism as a supporting concept, to analyze Mulan’s behaviors that are inconsistent with traditional roles. The second one is the Bem Sex Inventory, which identifies the masculine and feminine traits that Mulan embodies, incorporating Giddens’ concept of agency to analyze the ways Mulan liberates herself from the expected roles. The finding reveals that Mulan’s defiance comes from her desire to remain true to herself as she liberates herself by embracing her feminine and masculine traits.

This creative thesis incorporates a cyberpunk dystopian narrative to study the effects of long-term depression on women's physical health by showing the connection between psychological stress and physical decline. It highlights the often-overlooked reality that untreated stress can manifest as chronic pain, sleep disturbance, and cardiovascular issues. These ideas will be developed into a cyberpunk dystopian novella supported by Slavich and Irwin’s Inflammation Theory of Depression (2014) and the concept of Socio-economic Marginalization by Hall and Carlson (2016). The narrative mainly focuses on Li, a woman who suffered from depression throughout her life because of childhood trauma and continuous emotional abuse. As her mental health deteriorates, she experiences migraines, insomnia, and hypertension. Throughout the narrative, Li is offered the opportunity to get better using psychological treatment and stress-reducing practices like meditation. Her journey provides a reminder that recovery is possible by facing trauma, taking back control, and gradually coming to terms with her condition to improve her health and self-worth.

To support the digital transformation program from the Ministry of Religious Af airs, BAMAGNAS inKlaten acknowledged the necessity of providing its members with the knowledge that is essential tothrive in the modern digital economy. This knowledge can be taught to their congregation afterwards,particularly in digital marketing, so that they can establish a successful and sustainable business inthis digital era. This workshop aimed to teach participants about the significance of digitalmarketing, including online promotion, how to use promotional media ef ectively, and how to createengaging content. The workshop taught participants how to use social media platforms like Shopeeand Instagram and to produce visually appealing content. The training approaches used arepresentations, interactive group discussions, and practical activities for all participants. At the end ofthe training, results showed an improvement in participants' understanding of the necessity of digitalmarketing and the creation of interesting promotional content.

Purpose: This study aims to see who the dominant actor or communicator in the IKN. Methodology/approach: This research using the quantitative content analysis research method, and researchers will analyze the four types of engagements Results/findings: The results showed that Muhammad Said Didu through the account @msaid_didu, is at the top for like and retweet interactions. Meanwhile, Ridwan Kamil (@ridwankamil), was ranked 1st and 2nd for reply. Ridwan Kamil also got the highest quote interaction. The topic of moving the IKN involved well-known figures accounts such as Hidayat Nur Wahid and Sudjiwo Tedjo. In addition, accounts that are also involved and get high user engagement are accounts belonging to the media, such as Tempo (@tempodotco), Kompas (@kompascom and @kompasTV), Kumparan (@kumparan), and CNN Indonesia (CNN Indonesia). Conclusions: The study reveals that personal accounts, particularly those of Muhammad Said Didu and Ridwan Kamil, dominate political communication about the National Capital City (IKN) issue on Twitter. Despite having fewer followers than media outlets, these individuals achieved higher engagement through more personal and interactive communication styles. In contrast, media accounts tended to act as one-way information sources, generating less audience interaction. The findings highlight that authenticity and direct engagement are key to influencing public discourse on political issues in the digital era. Limitations: The limitation of this research is that it does not look at the audience to be able to describe the impact of the communication carried out. Contribution: This research is useful for the development of communication science, especially in the area of ??media and political communication.