Physical Sciences (United States)

Functional hyperemia is a well-established hallmark of healthy brain function, whereby local brain blood flow adjusts in response to a change in the activity of the surrounding neurons. Although functional hyperemia has been extensively studied at the level of both tissue and individual vessels, vascular network-level coordination remains largely unknown. To bridge this gap, we developed a deep learning-based pipeline that uses two-photon fluorescence microscopy images of cerebral microcirculation to enable automated reconstruction and quantification of the geometric changes across the microvascular network, comprising hundreds of interconnected blood vessels, pre and post-activation of the neighboring neurons. The pipeline's utility was demonstrated in the Thy1-ChR2 optogenetic mouse model, where we observed network-wide vessel radius changes to depend on the photostimulation intensity, with both dilations and constrictions occurring across the cortical depth, at an average of 16.1±14.3 μm (mean ± SD) away from the most proximal neuron for dilations; and at 21.9±14.6 μm away for constrictions. We observed a significant heterogeneity of the vascular radius changes within vessels, with radius adjustment varying by an average of 24 ± 28% of the resting diameter, likely reflecting the heterogeneity of the distribution of contractile cells on the vessel walls. A graph theory-based network analysis revealed that the assortativity of adjacent blood vessel responses rose by 152 ± 65% at 4.3 mW/mm2 of blue photostimulation vs. the control, with a 4% median increase in the efficiency of the capillary networks during this level of blue photostimulation in relation to the baseline. Interrogating individual vessels is thus not sufficient to predict how the blood flow is modulated in the network. Our pipeline, enables tracking of the microvascular network geometry over time, relating caliber adjustments to vessel wall-associated cells' state, and mapping network-level flow distribution impairments in experimental models of disease.

A flexible ammonium ion-sensing skin patch was developed based on a three-dimensional (3D) polystyrenesulfonate:polyaniline/copper microflower (PSS:PANI/CuMF) nanoarchitecture deposited on a flexible graphene electrode. The hierarchical 3D nanostructure integrates CuMF with a PSS:PANI network, providing a high-density electroactive surface, enhanced charge-transfer pathways, and stable ion-doping sites for NH4+ detection. The transducer was fabricated via a two-step electrochemical process and characterized using SEM and FTIR, confirming the formation of nanostructured CuMF and uniform nanopolymer coating. Coupled with adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV), the sensor exhibited dual linear ranges (0.01–20 mM and 20–60 mM), high sensitivity (127.9 μA mM–1 cm–2 in the low range), and a low detection limit of 3.3 μM. The nanoscale PSS:PANI framework enables reversible NH4+ doping/dedoping through fixed sulfonate sites, while CuMF enhances electron-transfer kinetics. Integration into a wearable patch platform demonstrated reliable detection of NH4+ in artificial sweat using a skin-mimicking model. This work presents a nanostructured, flexible electrochemical platform for noninvasive ammonium monitoring, with potential applications in wearable bioanalysis.

Ncd is the founding member of the kinesin-14 family, which can move on microtubules toward the minus end in a nonprocessive manner by hydrolyzing ATP molecules. It was experimentally observed that while multiple anchored Ncd motors can drive the gliding of a microtubule with high efficiency, the full-length Ncd motors can drive the sliding of one microtubule relative to the antiparallel one with a much lower efficiency. However, a quantitative explanation of these experimental results is not available. The mechanism of how the microtubule sliding by the full-length Ncd motors has much lower efficiency than the microtubule gliding by the anchored Ncd motors is unclear. Here, we use both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to study microtubule gliding and sliding by the Ncd motors, explaining quantitatively the available experimental data. The studies show that the competition between the motor's stalk rotation and its tail diffusion results in the much lower efficiency of the microtubule sliding than that of the microtubule gliding. This mechanism of the lower efficiency of microtubule sliding by the Ncd motors is different from the previously proposed mechanism of the nonefficient microtubule gliding by kinesin-1 motors anchored to the slippery surface.

The predictive design of novel Pd-based nanoscale materials for hydrogen sensing, storage, and purification necessitates a better understanding of the interplay between the adsorption of H and the evolution of the local structural environment on the atomic scale, as well as the ability to characterize this interplay under reaction conditions. We present a theoretical analysis of the interaction of H with atomistic nanostructured Pd models, quantifying the energetics of H–Pd interactions and predicting infrared (IR) absorption lines for such systems. The effects of local atomic structure, charge density distribution, and the presence of coadsorbed H and H2O on the IR properties are also considered. We show that the IR absorption frequency and intensity reflect the local environment of the adsorbed H, with the number of neighboring Pd atoms being the most consequential factor in determining the vibrational characteristics and electronic structure changes induced by the adsorbed H. These correlations facilitate the interpretation of the experimentally observed IR spectra by providing a basis for the spectral decomposition into contributions associated with undercoordinated surface sites, ultimately allowing for the identification of the most likely H adsorption sites through nondestructive approaches to probing the bonding environment of H, such as in situ IR spectral monitoring.

Целью настоящей статьи является выявление базовых особенностей эволюции концепций социального проектирования будущего в их взаимосвязи с трансформациями концепций исторического времени и режимов историчности. Методология работы основана на принципах исторической эпистемологии, что позволяет акцентировать анализ исторических условий, ценностных рамок и уникальности воззрений прошлого. В рамках статьи показано, что архаичные истоки концепций (Древний Египет, Греция, Рим) характеризовались циклической темпоральностью, божественной предопределенностью, эсхатологическими ожиданиями и ключевой ролью сакральных процедур. Эволюционный путь пролегал от теологической предопределенности через социальные утопии, связанные со становлением темпоральности прогресса (Ренессанс – Новое время), к современным научно обоснованным моделям (XX–XXI вв.), формирующимся в условиях «презентистского» режима историчности. В работе показано, что сквозной чертой на всех этапах эволюции является алгоритмичность и процедурность в работе с будущим, а также постоянное переосмысление архаичных элементов (эсхатологии, сакральных процедур). Ключевым выводом выступает тезис о том, что эволюция концепций социального проектирования будущего представляет собой не линейный прогресс, а процесс трансформации, детерминированный сменой доминирующих режимов темпоральности и интегрирующий архаичные элементы в новые формы конструирования социальной реальности. The aim of this article is to identify the fundamental features of the evolution of concepts in the social design of the future, in their connection with transformations in the concepts of historical time and regimes of historicity. The methodology is based on the principles of historical epistemology, which facilitates a focused analysis of historical conditions, value frameworks, and the uniqueness of past perspectives. The article demonstrates that the archaic origins of these concepts (Ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome) were characterized by a cyclical temporality, divine predetermination, eschatological expectations, and the key role of sacred procedures. The evolutionary path progressed from theological predetermination, through social utopias linked to the emergence of the temporality of progress (Renaissance – Modern Era), towards contemporary scientifically grounded models (20th–21stcenturies) formed under the conditions of a "presentist" regime of historicity. The study reveals that a cross-cutting feature at all stages of evolution is the algorithmicity and procedurality inherent in engaging with the future, as well as the constant rethinking of archaic elements (eschatology, sacred procedures). The key conclusion posits that the evolution of concepts in the social design of the future constitutes not a linear progression, but a process of transformation driven by shifts in dominant temporal regimes and integrating archaic elements into new forms of constructing social reality.

Предлагается обзор Всероссийской научной конференции с международным участием, посвящённой 70-летию со дня рождения доктора исторических наук, профессора Казанского федерального университета Е.А. Чиглинцева (1955–2021). Организаторами конференции, проходившей 5–6 декабря 2025 г. в Институте международных отношений, истории и востоковедения КФУ, выступили кафедра всеобщей и публичной истории ИМОИиВ КФУ, ИВИ РАН, РОИИ. В поле внимания участников конференции – миссия гуманитария и университетов в жизни общества, обмен научной информацией и опытом методов исследования рецепции, подготовки профессионалов-историков для сфер образования и публичной истории – того комплекса идей и практик, в разработку и утверждение которых внес неоценимый вклад Е.А. Чиглинцев. The Conference held on December 5–6, 2025 at the Institute of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies of Kazan Federal University, was organized by the Department of World and Public History of the Institute of World and Oriental Studies of KFU, the Institute of World History and Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian Institute of Historical Studies. It is demonstrated that the conference participants focus on the issues of the mission of the humanitarians in the life of society, universities, the research of reception, the training of professional historians for the fields of education and public history, including the issues of the entire complex of ideas and practices, to the development and approval of which E.A. Chiglintsev made an invaluable contribution.

В статье проведено исследование особенностей цифрового маркетинга дизайн-концепта в fashion-ритейле на основе омниканальноого подхода к покупкам через персонализацию и вовлеченность клиентов в современных социально-экономических условиях. Установлено, что технологии цифрового маркетинга ГК «Спортмастер», связанные с омниканальным подходом, предполагают, что покупатель в процессе покупки может легко переключаться между онлайн- и офлайн-каналами. Рассмотрено, как компания использует мобильное приложение как основную точку взаимодействия с клиентом и трансформирует его в цифровую платформу, в частности добавляет бесплатные онлайн-тренировки, трекер активности и афишу спортивных мероприятий. Показано, что вовлеченность клиентов достигается за счет экспертного контента, который повышает доверие к бренду как к источнику спортивных знаний, привлекает новых пользователей, стимулирует продажи через вовлечение и обучение клиентов, а также формирует вокруг бренда лояльное сообщество. Показано, что применение цифрового маркетинга в ГК «Спортмастер» на основе омниканального подхода к покупкам через вовлеченность и персонализацию позволяет создать единый качественный опыт покупок онлайн и офлайн, а интеграция онлайн-практик в офлайн-магазины позволяет покупателям видеть весь ассортимент, включая эксклюзивные товары, что помогает привлекать офлайн-аудиторию в онлайн. The article examines the features of digital marketing of a design concept in fashion retail based on an omnichannel approach to shopping through personalization and customer engagement in modern socio-economic conditions. It has been established that the digital marketing technologies of Sportmaster Group, related to the omnichannel approach, suggest that the buyer can easily switch between online and offline channels during the purchase process. It is considered how Sportmaster Group uses the mobile application as the main point of interaction with the client and transforms it into a digital platform, in particular, adds free online training sessions, an activity tracker and a poster of sports events. It is shown that customer engagement is achieved through expert content that increases brand credibility as a source of sports knowledge, attracts new users, stimulates sales through customer engagement and training, and forms a loyal community around the brand. It is shown that the use of digital marketing in Sportmaster Group based on an omnichannel approach to shopping through engagement and personalization allows you to create a single high-quality online and offline shopping experience, and the integration of online practices into offline stores allows customers to see the entire range, including exclusive products, which helps attract an offline audience online.

With the increasing use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in modern electronics and renewable energy storage systems, the need for sustainable management of battery waste has become crucial. Although graphite accounts for approximately 12–21 wt % of a typical LIB, it is often undervalued and discarded, even though it is classified as a critical raw material and contributes to CO2 emissions during production. In this study, graphite was recovered from spent lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) cells after cell discharge via alkaline electrolysis with NaOH and manual disassembly. The recovered graphite was subjected to probe sonication under solvent co-diffusion for various durations (5, 10, 30, and 60 min) to study the effect of structural modification on its electrochemical performance. Physical characterizations, including XRD, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, and FE-SEM, were performed on the sonicated graphite samples to analyze the structural changes induced by sonication and solvent co-intercalation. These modified materials were employed as cathodes in Zn-Gr coin cells, with zinc foil serving as the anode. The cells were tested using ZnSO4 and ZnSO4+ KCl mixed electrolytes to understand anion intercalation during cell operation. Comparative electrochemical analysis revealed that 30 min sonicated graphite electrode based cell exhibited better performance in ZnSO4 + KCl electrolyte, delivering a higher reversible charge capacity. Excessive sonication degraded the graphitic layers, thereby adversely affecting cell performance. The Zn∥ZnSO4 + KCl∥Ex-Gr30 exhibits excellent capacity retention, retaining above 99% even after 300 cycles, achieving 100% coulombic efficiency. This study provides a sustainable, low-cost procedure for recovering graphite from spent LIBs. It demonstrates its viability as a cathode in Zn-graphite cells, a newly developed family of aqueous energy storage devices with improved environmental sustainability and safety.

Amine tris-(phenolate) (usually abbreviated as tpa) ligands have drawn much interest as ligands for early transition metals, because they create stable complexes with broad catalytic applications in oxygen transfer reactions, polymerization, and other organic/organometallic fields of chemistry. Over the last 10 years, attention has been given to synthesizing tpa ligands with steric and electronic modifications, enabling fine-tuning of selectivity and reactivity in early and late transition metal complexes. Despite initial studies predominantly focusing on early transition metal complexes with tpa ligands in a broad sense, the field has expanded to late transition metals, uncovering new opportunities in catalysis, chirality transfer, polymerization, and oxygen transfer reactions. This review emphasizes early transition metals with tpa ligands and highlights their synthesis, application, and recent advancements after 2020 to the present, while also exploring the emerging development of late transition metal complexes and their applications in catalysis and synthetic reactions.