Plateforme Technologique d'Innovation Biomédicale

This paper introduces the theoretical derivations for establishing the bit error rate (BER) expressions of distributed antenna systems (DAS) over partially blocked Rayleigh fading channels. Clustered delay line models from 3GPP are considered with a subset of blocked propagation components. Assuming the receiver cannot update its equalizer during blockage events, a statistical analysis of the erroneously equalized channel gains is performed to provide the probability density functions of the received symbols depending on the blockage. BER derivations are then obtained and validated through simulations. The provided expressions allow predicting the performance of DAS and accurately analyze the impact of various blockage scenarios.

This study investigates the potential of pulmonary delivery of siRNA as an emergency therapy for acute lung injury (ALI). To obtain a quick anti-inflammatory response, TNF-α, a critical pro-inflammatory cytokine, is knocked down for its early involvement in inflammatory responses. Therefore, TNF-α siRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are designed and characterized for cellular uptake in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 murine macrophages, primary alveolar macrophages, and neutrophils from a murine ALI model. Intracellular trafficking and siRNA cytoplasmic release are evaluated in untreated and LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. LPS-activated cells exhibit a fast and strong uptake of LNPs, including in primary cells. In RAW264.7 cells, significant endosomal escape and siRNA cytoplasmic release are observed after 16 h. In vitro efficacy studies reveal consistent TNF-α inhibition across pre-, co-, and post-incubation protocols, confirming the versatility of siRNA-LNPs in preventive or curative conditions. After intratracheal administration of TNF-α siRNA-LNPs in a murine ALI model, the distribution of LNPs demonstrates an accumulation in immune cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, reducing TNF-α and IL-6 levels, indicating a rapid anti-inflammatory effect. This work underscores the efficacy of TNF-α siRNA-LNPs in treating lung inflammatory diseases like ALI and highlights the importance of optimizing LNP distribution and delivery timing to enhance therapeutic outcomes.

In barium gallo-germanate glasses, the extrinsic absorption losses from hydroxyl (-OH) groups are mostly due to the hygroscopic nature seen in the glass, its raw precursors and from the environment during the melting process. Their vibrations (harmonic or overtone) cause detrimental absorption bands in the infrared region which limit their use as host materials for rare-earth ions emitting in the infrared. It is therefore essential to minimize the concentration of (-OH) groups in the glass. Here, we present a dehydration method to prepare barium gallo-germanate glasses at high temperature (>1500 °C) under a controlled atmosphere (Ar-filled, with 0.1 ppm O 2 and 0.1 ppm H 2 O) with ammonium bi-fluoride (NH 4 F–HF) as dehydrating agent to lower (–OH)–based absorption coefficient down to 0.006 cm −1 at 3300 nm wavelength. This improvement allows a significant lengthening of the lifetimes of the electronic transition in the near infrared at 1000 nm ( 4 I 11/2 → 4 I 15/2 ) and 1537 nm ( 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 ) in the glasses with ultra-low hydroxyl content due to reduced (-OH) quenching. This work paves the way for developing efficient barium gallo-germanate solid-state laser components for sensing operation in the near and mid-infrared spectral range (1–5 μm). We investigated dehydration routes to synthesize barium gallo-germanate glasses with ultra-low hydroxyl (-OH) groups at high temperature (>1500 °C). We demonstrate that the synthesis under a controlled atmosphere (Ar-filled, with 0.1 ppm O 2 and 0.1 ppm H 2 O) allows to reduce signicantly the amount of –OH groups in the glass. This preparation method combined with the introduction of ammonium bi-fluoride (NH 4 F–HF) as dehydrating agent enables to obtain t a significant lengthening of the lifetimes corresponding to the electronic transition in the near infrared at 1000 nm ( 4 I 11/2 → 4 I 15/2 ) and 1537 nm ( 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 ) in the glasses with ultra-low hydroxyl content due to reduced –OH quenching is shown. This work paves the way for developing efficient barium gallo-germanate solid-state laser components in the short wave infrared range and opens up potential applications in the mid wave infrared range.

BackgroundStudies suggest that up to 70% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cases globally are undiagnosed worldwide. Some of these undiagnosed patients may present with severe exacerbation and factors associated with underdiagnosis in this population are unknown. We investigated the key factors associated with underdiagnosis in two cohorts of patients hospitalised for severe COPD exacerbation at different time points.MethodsThis retrospective, multicentre study analysed data from patients hospitalised for COPD exacerbation at two independent centres during two distinct time periods: between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018 in the Aquitaine region and between 1 January and 31 December 2022 in Paris. Undiagnosed COPD was defined as the absence of pulmonary function testing before the index exacerbation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between underdiagnosis and patient characteristics.ResultsAmong the 424 patients, 93 (21.9%) were undiagnosed before hospitalisation, with a stable rate over time (22% in 2017–2018 and 21% in 2022). Multivariate analysis revealed that underdiagnosis was related to higher forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1; adjusted OR (aOR)=1.02, p=0.043) and female sex (aOR=1.91, p=0.015). Patients with undiagnosed COPD had significantly lower rehospitalisation and mortality rates. After the initial severe exacerbation, higher mortality was associated with a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (HR=1.24, p=0.007) and older age (HR=1.05, p=0.008).ConclusionThis retrospective, multicentre study demonstrated that about 20% of patients admitted with severe exacerbation were undiagnosed for COPD. Higher FEV1 and female sex were associated with underdiagnosis, emphasising the need for special attention to this population. These findings highlight the need to improve training and access to spirometry and develop new diagnostic tools that facilitate earlier detection and management of COPD.

Water tolerance in plants is often associated with the accumulation of osmotic protectants, which are secondary metabolites that can help the plant to cope with water stress. One of the key osmotic protectants is a sugar called Raffinose, which is synthesized by a family of enzymes called Raffinose synthases. In this work, we focused on one of these enzymes, VviRAF2, which is a gene that shows different expression levels and genetic variants (SNPs) among different grapevine cultivars, ranging from tolerant to susceptible to water stress, and the transcription factors that may regulate the expression of this gene family.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan siswa cabut pada saat jam pembelajaran di SMA N 1 Bayang, hal ini menarik untuk dikaji karena di SMA N 1 Bayang merupakan salah satu sekolah yang ada di sumatera barat yang cukup banyak mempunyai siswa, lantaran perilaku cabut adalah perilaku yang harus segera di tangani karena dapat berpengaruh terhadap akademik.. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang melatar belakangi siswa cabut serta untuk menjelaskan pola perilaku membolos berdasarkan faktor yang ditemukan sebagaimana dampak perilaku membolos adalah mengalami kegagalan dalam pembelajaran. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif, subyek dalam penelitian ini 25 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini berupakan wawancara untuk memperoleh informasi tentang faktor-faktor yang mendorong siswa untuk cabut, observasi untuk memperoleh informasi lain yang mendukung data yang telah di peroleh dan dokumentasi untuk memperoleh data identitas subyek. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, sementara itu teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik triangulasi menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor penyebab perilaku cabut yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa perilaku cabut dapat mempengaruhi akademik di sekolah, karena tidak dapat menyelesaikan topic pembelajaran pada hari itu juga.

Fault injection attacks rely on experimental techniques to inject one or several faults into a device during operation. Among these techniques, laser fault injection is known as a powerful one, thanks to its unmatched spatial and temporal precision. So far though, the overwhelming majority of published laser fault injection attacks were performed with only one laser spot. In this article, we present a new multi-spot laser fault injection setup. After a description of the optical system, we highlight its new capabilities against the limitations of existing single-spot laser fault injection setups. We then discuss some intrinsic limitations that this setup has, making it not equivalent to running multiple single-spot setups simultaneously on the same target. We then provide experimental evidence of faults performed with two and four spots which are unfeasible with a single-spot laser fault injection setup. This paves the way for new fault attacks on security and cryptography algorithms that exploit this new type of fault.