Platod (France)

BackgroundA number of negative developmental outcomes in response to extreme temperature have been documented. Yet, to our knowledge, environmental research has left the question of the effect of temperature on human neurodevelopment largely unexplored. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of ambient temperature on linguistic development at the age of 2 years-old.MethodsWe used data from the prospective national French birth cohort ELFE (N = 12,163) and highly-resolved exposure models with daily temporal resolution and 200 m to 1 km spatial resolution. We investigated the effect of weekly averages of overall, daytime and night-time temperature in the prenatal (first 30 weeks of gestation) and postnatal (91 weeks after birth) period on vocabulary production scores from the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MB-CDI) at 2 years-old. Exposure-response and lag-response relationships were modeled with confounder-adjusted distributed lag non-linear models.ResultsScores at the MB-CDI decreased by 3.2% (relative risk (RR) 0.968, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.939–0.998) following exposure to severe night-time heat of 15.6 °C (95th percentile) vs. 8.3 °C (median) throughout gestational weeks 14 to 19. In the postnatal period, scores at the MB-CDI decreased by 14.8% (RR 0.852; 95% CI: [0.756–0.96]) for severe overall heat of 21.9 °C (95th percentile) vs. 11.5 °C (median) throughout weeks 1 to 28. Consistent results were found for daytime and night-time heat. We observed positive effects of overall and night-time heat in the first few weeks of pregnancy. Night-time cold in the pre-natal period also resulted in improved scores at the MB-CDI. Adjusting our models for air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10 and NO2) tended to confirm these observations. Finally, there were no significant differences in temperature effects between boys and girls.ConclusionIn this large cohort study, we showed a negative impact of hot temperatures during pregnancy and after birth on language acquisition. Positive associations observed in the first few weeks of pregnancy are likely the results of methodological artifacts. Positive associations with night-time cold during the prenatal period are likely truly protective, as colder temperatures may encourage staying indoors at a comfortable temperature. Policymakers should consider neurodevelopment impairments as a deleterious effect of climate change.

Heat exposure in pregnancy has been associated with mother-child health. However, characterization of exposure to heat in pregnant women and its associated factors, such as air pollution, vegetation or social stressors, is lacking. We aimed to describe heat exposure according to air pollution and vegetation co-exposures, individual social position and socio-economic context of residence among French pregnant women. We studied 12,235 pregnant women from four mother-child cohorts. Exposure to heat (intensity, duration, severity), particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and vegetation during summer were estimated at the women's residences. Socio-economic context of residence was assessed using the European Deprivation Index (EDI). Cumulative overexposure to heat, air pollution and vegetation were estimated according to reference values. Three profiles of heat exposure, multi-exposure and individual social position, were created using multivariate analysis and unsupervised clustering. Associations of the profiles of heat exposure and multi-exposure with air pollution, vegetation, individual social position and EDI were described using Wilcoxon tests and polytomous regressions. About one-third of pregnant women had a high heat exposure profile combining intense, severe and durable exposure. Depending on the location and year of pregnancy, 27-88% of women were overexposed to heat, air pollution and lack of vegetation. The relationships between profiles of heat and multi-exposure with air pollution, vegetation and individual social position and socioeconomic context of residence depended on the geographical and temporal context. No clear differential exposure pattern across social strata was found. Co-exposure to heat, air pollution and lack of vegetation is common among French pregnant women. Protective measures against summer heat would apply to all pregnant women, as heat exposure represents a universal risk, regardless of socioeconomic status. This research supports future epidemiological studies on combined effects of heat and co-exposures on pregnancy outcomes.

Trata-se de uma metodologia desenvolvida e aplicada às startups instaladas em Manaus, no estado do Amazonas, que desejam ingressar no Programa de Pré-incubação intitulado Ocean Launch, desenvolvido pela Universidade do Estado do Amazonas em parceria com a Samsung Eletrônica da Amazônia LTDA, fazendo uso de recursos de P&D. O objetivo central consiste na identificação dos estágios de desenvolvimento das empresas emergentes, bem como do potencial de seus produtos e serviços. Ao todo, são mapeados quatro estágios de desenvolvimento que abarcam desde o início da trajetória de uma empresa, a Ideação, até o último estágio, a Operação. De setembro de 2021 até março de 2022, 32 startups participaram do processo seletivo e 5 delas não lograram êxito. Os resultados iniciais mostram que 85% das startups analisadas estão concentradas no primeiro estágio, ou seja, na fase de Ideação.

This paper presents an upgrade of the thaumatrope, an optical toy and a pre-cinematographic animation device that was popular in the 19th century, by addition of ultra-realistic full-color holograms. It explains the working principles of this new device and evaluates its performances. To build this new kind of thaumatrope, two full-color analog transplane holograms of two different 3D objects are recorded with the silver halide color holographic material Ultimate 04 and mounted on each side of a rotating disc. The operation of the holographic thaumatrope is successfully demonstrated. When two pieces of string are attached to the disc are twirled quickly between the fingers, the disc rotates on its axis and the two transplane holograms appear to combine into one.

We present a new, rapid method for producing blood platelets in vitro from cultured megakaryocytes based on a microfluidic device. This device consists in a wide array of VWF-coated micropillars. Such pillars act as anchors on megakaryocytes, allowing them to remain trapped in the device and subjected to hydrodynamic shear. The combined effect of anchoring and shear induces the elongation of megakaryocytes and finally their rupture into platelets and proplatelets. This process was observed with megakaryocytes from different origins and found to be robust. This original bioreactor design allows to process megakaryocytes at high throughput (millions per hour). Since platelets are produced in such a large amount, their extensive biological characterisation is possible and shows that platelets produced in this bioreactor are functional.

Les comptes rendus qui suivent s'efforcent de prsenter les ouvrages rcemment consacrs l'oeuvre de Platon comme celles des reprsentants de la tradition platonicienne ancienne et moderne.