Poder Judicial de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires

El artículo examina la importancia del acceso a la justicia como un derecho fundamental y un pilar central del Estado de derecho, así como los desafíos que enfrentan los sistemas judiciales debido a factores económicos y la obsolescencia. Se discuten dos enfoques para mejorar el acceso a la justicia: la mejora gradual de los procedimientos judiciales obsoletos y la transición hacia la justicia digital mediante tecnologías emergentes. Se destacan las ventajas y riesgos de la justicia digital, así como las experiencias de Canadá y el Reino Unido en la integración de la inteligencia artificial en el sistema judicial. En última instancia, se subraya la necesidad de equilibrar los beneficios y riesgos de la justicia digital para garantizar el respeto a los derechos fundamentales en el ámbito judicial.

A competition-friendly environment is a must for steady economic growth, which is a driving force for developing countries such as Bangladesh. A cartel is a potential barrier to promoting consumer welfare and overall market development. Hence, competition law is vital in supervising the market with its anti-cartel enforcement policies. Since this is a global phenomenon, countries have experimented and taken different strategies to combat cartels in their jurisdiction accordingly. Being a young competition jurisdiction, Bangladesh has a simple enforcement policy restricted to fines, but the cartel detection rate is quite unsatisfactory. This article aims to find the loopholes for anti-cartel enforcement in Bangladesh. It looks for a sustainable solution, especially introducing dawn raids, leniency mechanisms, and some other structural modifications, taking inspiration from global practices to address cartels in the Bangladeshi market. Dhaka University Law Journal, 2025, 36 (1), 193-207

The founding mitochondrial lineages of the Native American population (haplogroups A, B, C, and D) originated in East Asia and reached the American continent via the Bering Strait approximately 15,000 to 18,000 years ago. Subsequent events, including European colonization and the transatlantic slave trade, substantially reshaped the maternal genetic landscape across the Americas. Sequences at positions 16,024-372, including hypervariable regions I and II of the mtDNA control region, were analyzed in saliva samples from 280 unrelated individuals (97 males and 183 females) residing across sixteen boroughs of Mexico City. The haplotype diversity was estimated at 99.85%, with a discrimination capacity of 88.2%, a random match probability of 0.0051, and a nucleotide diversity of 1.19%. Native American haplogroups collectively accounted for 89.66% of the sample. Haplogroups of Western Eurasian origin represented 8.2%, while those of African origin comprised 2.141%. The predominance of Native American haplogroups underscores the persistence of pre-Columbian maternal lineages in the region. In contrast, the minor presence of Western Eurasian and African haplogroups indicates that, within Mexico City, the demographic impact of colonization and subsequent admixture on maternal lineages was comparatively limited. These findings highlight how regional genetic patterns can reflect broad continental historical processes while preserving strong Indigenous maternal continuity. Finally, the diversity parameters support the utility of mtDNA analysis for human identification, particularly in complex forensic contexts.

Las férulas termoplásticas y las impresoras 3D son: Una alternativa segura a los vendajes de yeso. Más cómodas y ligeras que las escayolas. Y facilitan la realización de curas y tratamientos de fisioterapia.

The article examines the role and functions of private detectives in contemporary society and analyzes the risks of human rights violations associated with their activities. It is noted that in many countries the institution of private investigation is legally regulated, and private detectives are widely engaged in information gathering on behalf of clients, complementing the work of law enforcement agencies. At the same time, the lack of clear legislation may lead to abuses and violations of civil rights and freedoms, especially the right to privacy. The purpose of this study is to identify the risks to human rights in the activities of private investigators and to justify the need for normative regulation of their status in the Republic of Kazakhstan. A comparative analysis of foreign legal approaches to the regulation of private investigation has been conducted, along with an assessment of the current legal vacuum in Kazakhstan. The study reveals that, despite the recognition of the need to adopt a special law on private detectives, no such legislation exists in Kazakhstan to date. The discussion substantiates the necessity of establishing a legal framework to balance the interests of clients in obtaining information with the protection of public interests and human rights. The article proposes recommendations for the development of a law on private investigation activities, incorporating international standards, including licensing procedures, ethical norms, and accountability mechanisms, aimed at minimizing risks to human rights.

This research examines Pakistan’s framework for paying compensation to crime victims, defined in Section 544-A of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1898. It brings to light an important flaw (i.e., the lack of an explicit mechanism for the quantification of compensation awards). A review of pertinent legal precedents shows glaring disparities and possible inequities arising from the lack of a standardized mechanism. To fill this gap, we look at the Islamic concept of diyah as a potential basis for an equal and efficient system. Our proposed model brings forth some of the essential features of diyah, such as emphasizing punishment for criminals, facilitating reconciliation and mediation among affected parties, and ensuring robust judicial checks and transparency. We aspire to improve on the inadequacies of the current system through these principles. However, we understand that the feasibility of bringing into operation a framework based on diyah remains uncertain. Challenges involve coping with the complexity of integrating Islamic and secular legal traditions, guaranteeing fairness and preventing discrimination, and attaining common acceptance by the parties. Ultimately, this research contends that incorporating diyah principles into Pakistan’s victim compensation framework offers a promising pathway towards greater fairness, consistency, and social cohesion within the criminal justice system. This, in turn, can enhance access to justice for victims and contribute to a more just and equitable society.

La transversalización de género en la formación judicial es crucial para garantizar la igualdad y eliminar sesgos discriminatorios en el sistema de justicia. En el Poder Judicial del Estado de Oaxaca (PJEO), se han implementado diversas prácticas de formación, como programas específicos y de sensibilización para fomentar una administración de justicia más equitativa y justa. Estas iniciativas no solo promueven la equidad de género, sino que también aseguran una respuesta judicial sensible a las necesidades de todos, atendiendo a mandatos internacionales y nacionales, que fortalecen la legitimidad y eficacia del sistema judicial. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo identificar las prácticas efectivas de transversalización de género en la formación judicial de 2020 a 2023. Los resultados muestran que el PJEO capacitó a 950 trabajadores, dedicando el 50% de las capacitaciones a temas de género. Las modalidades de formación incluyeron conferencias (67%), cursos (24%), diplomados (6%) y talleres (3%), acumulando un total de 302 horas. El 88% de los participantes provenían de un perfil administrativo, con una representación femenina del 58%. Este enfoque ha fortalecido la eficiencia y sensibilidad en la administración de justicia en Oaxaca, promoviendo una cultura inclusiva y mejorando el monitoreo de la perspectiva de género en la formación judicial. La Escuela Judicial del PJEO ha jugado un papel fundamental en la implementación de estas prácticas, destacando la creación de programas específicos de formación y promoción de una cultura inclusiva. Estos esfuerzos han contribuido significativamente a la sensibilización y a la capacitación del personal judicial, asegurando una aplicación justa y equitativa de la ley. Por lo que, la transversalización de género en la formación judicial es un componente esencial para mejorar la calidad y equidad de la justicia en Oaxaca.