Polish Bearings Factory (Poland)

One of the most common diseases in general surgery remains cholecystitis. This is related to the prevalence of gallstones, which affects 10 to 15% of the general population. There are various types of treatment like conservative and surgical treatments, with a distinction between laparoscopic and robotic techniques. Numerous studies have been conducted which prove that laparoscopy is a safe method that significantly reduces the time of convalescence and recovery after surgery. The lack of a clear assessment of the effectiveness of treatment techniques is presented in the following paper. Advances in medicine have led to the widespread use of robotic arms in surgery, which has resulted in shorter hospital stays due to faster recovery times after surgery. This is related, among other things, to increased precision when operating instruments, and thus reduced trauma to the tissues in the abdominal cavity compared to laparoscopic surgery. However, robotic surgery has certain limitations related to the availability of equipment in specific hospitals and, above all, the increased costs of surgery compared to the use of a laparoscope. When analyzing the collected material on gallbladder surgery and possible treatment techniques for this pathology, it is not possible to clearly determine which treatment technique should be used as the gold standard in treating patients. However, it is important to remember that complications may occur in both cases, resulting in conversion to open surgery.

Bearings are important components of many structures. Their reliability is a prerequisite for the correct operation of designed and operated equipment. This is why bearing manufacturers want to produce bearings with greater load-carrying capacity, durability and bearings that generate as little vibration as possible. In the paper, a newly developed device for measurements of the level of vibrations produced by ball bearings was described. Basic requirements for such devices, their suitability for the bearing industry applications, and the mechanical construction of the most important units were discussed.

The influence of rolling bearing contamination on the level of generated vibrations is ignored in many cases. The influence is clearly visible in the theoretical and experimental works on the mathematical modelling of rolling bearing vibration. The authors of the most recent works in this field use substantial simplifications, often ignoring the presence of solid particles between the rolling bearing mating surfaces. However, bearing in mind the continuous improvement of the rolling bearings production processes, a series of exploratory tests in industrial conditions should be carried out, taking into account the factors affecting the bearing vibrations that are crucial in terms of quality control of the manufactured bearings. The analysis presented in this paper show that the cleanliness of the bearings is a critical factor that determines whether the rolling bearings meet quality requirements.

This paper describes a method for modeling and execution of sequential and concurrent processes in the environment of programmable controllers (PLC) with the use of CASE OF statements of the Structured Text language (ST).It depicts the method of transformation of the model of the process control, built on the basis of the Petri net, which leads directly to the form of the program code of industrial controller without the need of creating the intermediate logical schema. The paper reveals the benefits of the implementation of the presented method in the realisation of both simple and complex control algorithms for discrete processes in real time systems. The solution of the control algorithm for sequential and concurrent processes is shown on the example of the weighing process. The paper presents the directions of further development and implementation of the mentioned method concerning the execution of the sequential and concurrent processes.