Polissia National University

The article highlights the peculiarities of speech therapy assistance to children of middle preschool age using computer didactic games. All the children who were assisted had generalized underdevelopment of speech (GUS). These children have difficulty understanding and using language, including building sentences, pronouncing sounds, and enriching vocabulary. To increase the effectiveness of pedagogical work, a targeted logotherapeutic program using a computer was introduced into the education process of preschool education institutions. The key criteria were identified, according to which the directions of speech therapy assistance were formed and computer exercises and games for such children were developed accordingly. Didactic material aimed at the development and therapy of speech disorders is posted on the education platforms LearningApps and Wordwall. Methodological rules for speech therapists and other pedagogical staff on organizing and providing assistance to preschoolers have been developed and mastered. Examples of didactic exercises and games are provided for each area of speech therapy practice (articulatory motor skills, sound pronunciation, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, grammatical structure of speech, and connected speech). The development of computer materials was carried out taking into account the individual and age characteristics of children of middle preschool age. To test the effectiveness of the logotherapeutic program, the implementation of its content using computer didactic games, a pedagogical experiment was conducted on the basis of preschool education institutions in Zhytomyr. The formative stage in the experimental group was conducted for 6 months. Diagnostics of the level of these competencies in middle-aged children with speech development disorders before and after the implementation of the logotherapeutic program convincingly demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach in speech therapy. Speech therapists should make more active use of the potential of computer didactic games both in preschool education institutions and at home.

Рецензія на книгу: Андрущенко Віктор Просвітницька одіссея розуму / Віктор Андрущенко. - Київ : Знання України, 2025. - 523 с.

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of soil tillage system, plant density, and herbicide background on the rate of maize phenological development under the continental climatic conditions of the Polissia region of Ukraine. The experiment was conducted during 2023-2025 and included three tillage systems (deep plowing, disking, and rotary tillage), two levels of plant density (1.1 and 1.3 seed units ha-1), and two herbicide backgrounds (with and without herbicides) arranged in a three-factor design with three replications. Phenological phases (from SeedGerm to FullRip) were recorded based on the calendar dates of their occurrence. Statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression modelling, and comparison of adjusted means. The results revealed that soil tillage was the dominant factor determining the rate of maize development. Minimal and shallow tillage accelerated the progression of phenological phases by 2-5 days compared with deep plowing. The herbicide background had a critical effect on the middle and late development phases: the absence of herbicides increased the duration of the ThrowPanic-FullRip interval by 6-10 days due to enhanced weed competition. The interaction F1×F3 was statistically significant in most phases and determined the overall developmental rate. Plant density had a secondary effect, expressed only through its interaction with the herbicide background. The fastest development was observed in the S3H1A2 combination (rotary tillage, herbicides, increased density), whereas the slowest was recorded in S1H2A2 (deep plowing, no herbicides, increased density). The study concluded that optimising the soil tillage system in combination with effective weed control is crucial for accelerating maize development and ensuring stable productivity in the Polissia region. Minimal tillage combined with herbicide protection can be recommended as the most effective strategy for improving growth rates, shortening the vegetation period, and enhancing the agrobiological resilience of maize under regional conditions

Relevance. The need to study media literacy is driven by the growing destructive influence of information, which is transforming public consciousness and increasing the risk of manipulation in the digital environment. Declining trust in the media, the spread of disinformation, and the growing role of social networks as the main source of news require an in-depth analysis of new communication threats and the search for effective means to overcome them, especially in the field of education. Therefore, the problem of critical thinking among young people, who are at the epicenter of digital interaction and most susceptible to information influence, is becoming increasingly relevant. Aim. The purpose of this scientific article is to empirically measure the levels of media literacy and critical thinking in a social sample, as well as to identify the statistically significant impact of variables such as age, level of education, and participation in media education programs on the formation of relevant cognitive competencies. Methods. During the study, a sociological survey was conducted among Ukrainian citizens in 2024-2025 using a structured online questionnaire, which allowed us to form the initial data for further analysis. Based on this data, the hypotheses were tested using the classic Student's t-test for independent samples with the JASP software package (in particular, the “Descriptives” and “Independent Samples T-Test” tools). Results. The results of the analysis revealed that taking media education courses has a statistically significant impact on the level of media literacy (M = 32.915 and 20.910) and critical thinking (M = 33.111 and 21.059) among respondents, as evidenced by a t-test with a high Cohen's effect (d ≈ -1.57, p < 0.001). The educational level of respondents has a significant impact on cognitive indicators, in particular, respondents with higher education had significantly higher mean values of media literacy (M = 30.023 and 18.473 at p < 0.001) and critical thinking (M = 30.556 and 18.871 at p < 0.001). In addition, a statistically significant age differentiation was found in the levels of media literacy (Group 0: M = 29.904, SD = 6.301; Group 1: M = 20.448, SD = 9.380) and critical thinking (Group 0: M = 30.201, SD = 6.530; Group 1: M = 20.510; SD = 9.209), as evidenced by high t-statistics (t = -13.244; p < .001) and a large Cohen's effect (d = -1.187), indicating a significant association of younger age with higher levels of cognitive competence. Conclusions. The study revealed a low level of media literacy and critical thinking among certain groups of respondents, which indicates the need to implement systematic educational programs aimed at developing cognitive and socio-communication skills. Importantly, the findings highlight the potential of e-learning as an effective environment for media literacy development, since online courses and digital learning platforms can flexibly adapt content for different age and educational groups. This supports the practical integration of media literacy modules into formal and informal e-learning formats, demonstrating how digital tools enhance accessibility and personalization of training. Furthermore, the results reveal a shift in e-learning theory, showing that the effectiveness of online learning in this domain depends not only on access to information but also on the design of interactive, competence-oriented educational interventions. Thus, the study contributes to both the practice and theory of e-learning by identifying critical factors for structuring digital courses that strengthen resilience against disinformation and manipulation. At the same time, the lack of a deeper analysis of socio-cultural factors is a limitation, which opens prospects for further interdisciplinary research in this area.

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate changes in the structure of musculoskeletal injuries in patients during the war in Ukraine and to determine the organizational and methodological features of the rehabilitation of patients with these injuries according to the conclusions of rehabilitation specialists. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 2022-2024, 102 rehabilitation specialists participated in it. Scientific methods: analysis of sources of scientific information, questionnaires, statistical methods. The survey of rehabilitation specialists was conducted using the author's questionnaire, which contains 27 questions divided into 3 blocks. Results: It was established that during the war years, significant changes occurred in the structure of appeals from patients with musculoskeletal diseases. The share of appeals for help for limb amputations increased to 23.6%, for injuries to joints, muscles and tendons - to 37.3%, for habitual dislocation of the patella - to 6.8%. Physiotherapists are convinced that the quality of rehabilitation services can be improved by using the latest equipment (35.3%), systematic advanced training of specialists (26.5%), expanding access to equipment (21.6%), and introducing the latest physiotherapy methods (13.7%). Conclusions: Based on the conducted research, a system of exercise therapy tools for certain diseases of the musculoskeletal system and the sequence of their application were determined, and practical recommendations were developed for the rehabilitation of the population with musculoskeletal disorders, taking into account changes in their structure and the opinions of rehabilitation specialists who have experience working during the war in Ukraine.

Today, veterinarians have at their disposal a wide range of modern tools to ensure safe, effective, and minimally stressful immobilization. At the same time, new euthanasia protocols are being developed that take into account both the physical condition of the animal and the emotional state of the owner. Increasing attention is being paid to pre-sedation methods, individualized drug selection, as well as psychological support for owners during the farewell process with their pets. This article aims to review and analyze the latest approaches to immobilization and euthanasia of dogs, based on recent scientific advances, humane treatment of animals, and the principles of veterinary ethics. The focus is on modern drugs, improved methodologies, technological innovations, as well as the legal and regulatory framework governing this field in Ukraine and beyond. Particular attention is given to issues of animal quality of life, decision-making based on evidence-based medicine, and the role of the veterinarian as a mediator between scientific reasoning and human compassion. The issues of animal immobilization and euthanasia occupy a special place in veterinary practice, as they involve not only medical, but also deeply humanistic dimensions. Dogs, as the most common human companions, have become not only objects of clinical attention, but also emotional members of many families. Therefore, the process of making decisions regarding immobilization (for example, for surgical intervention) or euthanasia (in the case of incurable disease or severe trauma) requires the veterinarian not only to possess high professional competence but also to exercise subtle ethical sensitivity. Over the past decades, veterinary medicine has undergone significant changes. Advances in pharmacology, particularly the introduction of new classes of sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic drugs, now make it possible to select individualized protocols for each animal, taking into account its age, breed, physiological condition, and psycho-emotional response. Modern approaches to immobilization have long gone beyond the traditional injection – they now encompass multistage schemes of premedication, multimodal analgesia, the use of infusion pumps, as well as non-contact methods of keeping the animal calm, such as aromatherapy or pheromone collars.

The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of two air-cooling systems–fine-droplet water spraying under high pressure (fogging) and the forced evaporative cooler “Jet Cool” – in shaping the microclimate of farrowing rooms for sows and to determine the relationship with their productivity. It was established that the use of “Jet Cool” evaporative panels ensured more stable microclimatic parameters. In the piglets’ activity zone, the temperature under the brooder was 2.8 % higher than with fogging (29.3 °C vs. 28.5 °C), remaining within the thermoneutral comfort range (22–30 °C). The temperature in the piglet creep area reached 30.6 °C (+0.8 °C), while in the sow’s lying area it was 2.7 °C (10.7 %) lower compared to fogging (22.6 °C vs. 25.3 °C, P < 0.001), corresponding to the optimal range for adult animals. Relative humidity in the rooms with evaporative panels remained within the norm; in particular, at the level of the sow’s respiratory tract it was 2.8 % lower (65.9 % vs. 68.7 %), and in piglets 66.1 % vs. 68.9 % (P < 0.001). Air velocity decreased on average by 23.5–45.2 % depending on the zone, which reduced the risk of drafts and improved thermoregulation in animals. It was proven that the use of evaporative panels reduced the temperature-humidity index by 3.2 points (4.4 %). The respiratory rate of sows decreased by 4 breaths/min (8.7 %; P < 0.05), and body weight loss during lactation by 1.1 kg (17.5 %). Average daily feed intake increased by 1.06 %, while feed conversion per 1 kg of weight gain and per 1 L of milk decreased (by 2.0–4.9 %). Due to higher milk yield in sows, piglets’ prestarter feed intake decreased by 8.5–9.7 %. Average daily and total milk yield increased by 5.4 % and 3.5 %, respectively. The number of weaned piglets, their survival rate (+1.48 %), and body weight at weaning (+0.14 kg per piglet; +3.1 kg per litter, P < 0.01) showed a positive trend. Average daily weight gains were significantly higher (4.4–6.5 %; P < 0.05). Thus, the application of evaporative panels has a comprehensive positive effect on the housing microclimate, physiological state of sows, milk production, piglet performance, and feed efficiency, thereby improving the economic effectiveness of pig production during lactation.

In the modern conditions of professional activity of a veterinarian, there is an increase in the number of stressful situations, which is due to both objective factors and subjective aspects related to emotional burnout and the need to make complex ethical decisions. The professional ethics of a veterinarian is a system of moral principles, norms and rules of conduct that regulate the relationship between the doctor, animal owners, colleagues and society as a whole. Veterinary professional ethics is formed at the intersection of general medical ethics, bioethics and the specifics of interaction with animals as patients, who, unlike people, are not able to independently express their own needs and poblems. The article presents the results of a survey of practicing veterinary doctors regarding moral dilemmas and stress factors that they encounter in daily clinical practice. Doctors with different levels of professional experience participated in this study, which made it possible to assess the influence of work experience on the perception of stressful situations. As part of the questionnaire, an analysis of the quantitative ratio of general practitioners and narrow-profile specialists was carried out. The study materials highlight the main problems of morality at work, which include conflicts between professional duties, own ethical beliefs and expectations of animal owners. Data analysis allowed us to outline a number of questions that are most significant in the development of moral burnout and a decrease in the psycho-emotional stability of specialists. Lack of team interaction, a low level of collegial support and the absence of psychological assistance in the team can affect the quality of veterinary care. In the context of growing challenges in veterinary practice in Ukraine, which are caused by economic instability, war and an increase in the emotional load on specialists, the implementation of measures to reduce psycho-emotional stress is becoming particularly relevant.

Due to their external characteristics, ability to reduce bisphenol A, formaldehyde, toluene, and xylene levels in the air, and lack of special growing requirements, Dracaena plants are used for interior landscaping in residential and office spaces. The most common species are D. fragrans, D. surculosa, and D. sanderiana. Dracaena is placed indoors in bright areas where cats rest. The presence of a pleasant, specific odor when the leaves or flowers are damaged, due to the presence of multicomponent essential oils that irritate the senses, promotes the chewing of plant parts by companion animals. Consequently, veterinarians have recently reported an increase in cases of cat poisoning caused by Dracaena species. The study aims to analyze scientific studies of the content of toxic substances in Dracaena and their toxicodynamics in the organism of companion animals. Dhar, Maji and Ghosh (2013), Julsrigival, Julsrigival and Chansakaow (2020) and Ye et al. (2021) report on the spectrum of chemicals found in the flowers of D. fragrans. Julsrigival, Julsrigival and Chansakaow (2020) used solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identification to isolate 30 chemicals from Dracaena flowers overnight. Only eight of these chemicals (benzyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, cinnamaldehyde, 3 hydroxyl 4 4 phenyl 2 2 butanone, methylene glycol, α bergamotene, α farnesene, and tetradecanal) were found in amounts greater than 4%. The amount of each substance varied depending on the time of day. The plant synthesized most of the substances from 8 p. m. to 10 a. m. During the day, however, α-farnesene was dominant at 23.1–50.8%. It has a green apple smell, and the LD50 for rats when ingested orally is 1.5 g/kg body weight, and for rabbits when applied dermally is > 5 g/kg body weight. In general, all the substances identified by scientists have a local irritating effect and are low-toxic. In 2010, Calderón et al. reported that D. fragrans contains substances with anticholinesterase activity that excite M and H cholinergic receptors in animals. Therefore, the specific antidotes are acetylcholinesterase reagents or a 1% atropine sulfate solution administered subcutaneously. In the scientific articles by Zheng et al. (2004) and Rezgui et al. (2015), it was published that all species of the genus Dracaena contain steroidal saponins. Xu et al. (2010) identified six new representatives of angudrakanosides A F in the stems of D. angustifolia. Steroidal saponins are irritating and cause lacrimation, vomiting, and diarrhea. They form insoluble complexes with proteins and binders. Therefore, the goal of antidote therapy for suspected Dracaena poisoning is to reduce irritation caused by essential oils and steroidal saponins, as well as to restore the functional state of M and H cholinergic receptors

The relevance of the problem of human mycobacteriosis is beyond doubt. Animal mycobacteriosis in Ukraine has not become a subject of the attention of scientists and practitioners of veterinary medicine. Despite the general decline in cattle, the number of farms where animals that give pseudoallergic reactions to tuberculin are detected is growing annually. This leads to difficulties in diagnosing tuberculosis and is the cause of economic losses due to the culling of highly productive cows. Unfortunately, in Ukraine, there is no unambiguous view on solving the problem of mycobacteriosis in productive animals, and there is no data on the spread of mycobacteriosis among wild animals and birds. Therefore, studying the experience of diagnosing and preventing animal mycobacteriosis in other countries is a relevant topic of scientific research. This literature review of scientific reports from different countries over the past three decades is devoted to disclosing this topic. Analysis of the epizootic process of mycobacteriosis of animals caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMB) in countries of the world over the past decades indicates an uneven spatiotemporal dynamic of its manifestation – mycobacterial infections occur constantly and are widespread on all continents where animals are kept. NTMB are widely distributed on the territory of dairy farms of different countries – they are isolated both from abiotic environmental objects and from the body of cows. In cattle, mycobacteriosis occurs in a latent, asymptomatic form and is detected by simultaneous testing for allergic diagnostics of tuberculosis using tuberculin and allergen of atypical mycobacteria, with post-mortem bacteriological and histomorphological examination of biomaterial from reacting animals. From cattle, M. fortuitum, M. avium, M. intracellularae, M. scrofulaceum, M. phlei, M. vaccae were most often isolated, less often M. gordone, M. terrae, M. xenopi, M. peregrinum, M. flavenscens, M. diernhoferi, M. thamnpheos. In populations of wild animals, birds, and fish, mycobacteria are widely distributed. The causative agents of this infection were identified in various species of animals in all countries where a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis of the disease and the study of biomaterials was applied. As the causative agents of mycobacteriosis in wild fauna, the following types of mycobacteria were most often isolated: M. ulcerans, M. gordonae, M. avium, M. fortuitum – in animals; M. avium subsp. Avium, M. avium subsp. Hominissuis, M. genavense – in birds; M. marinum, M. fortuitum, and M. chelonae – in fish and a number of unidentified mycobacteria.