Pollinator Partnership

Bumble bees (Bombus spp.) are important pollinators for both wild and agriculturally managed plants. We give an overview of what is known about the diverse community of internal potentially deleterious bumble bee symbionts, including viruses, bacteria, protozoans, fungi, and nematodes, as well as methods for their detection, quantification, and control. We also provide information on assessment of risk for select bumble bee symbionts and highlight key knowledge gaps. This information is crucial for ongoing efforts to establish parasite-free programs for future commerce in bumble bees for crop pollination, and to mitigate the problems with pathogen spillover to wild populations.

Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimise floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future.

Penelitian ini membahas terkait Efektivitas Program Keluarga Harapan Dalam Upaya Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Kecamatan Padalarang, Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu belum efektifnya Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) di Kecamatan Padalarang. Tujuan penelitian mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pelaksanaan PKH pengentasan kemiskinan di Kecamatan Padalarang Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka dan studi lapangan (wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi). Teknik analisis data melalui reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Unit analisis dan informan Dinas Sosial yaitu UPPKH Bandung Barat, Koordinator Pendamping PKH Kecamatan Padalarang, dan Peserta PKH. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Efektivitas Program Keluarga Harapan di Kecamatan Padalarang belum efektif. Terlihat belum optimalnya pemberian bantuan, dana yang diterima peserta PKH tidak sesuai dengan keadaan PKH, selain itu dana yang diterima pendamping PKH juga tidak sesuai dengan pengeluarannya, dan kurang tegasnya sanksi yang diberikan pendamping kepada peserta PKH yang tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya, masih belum tepat sasaran dalam memberikan bantuan kepada masyarakat miskin.

State‐by‐state survey on current laws prohibiting employers from inquiring into job candidate's prior salary history.

Restoring hedgerows, or other field edge plantings, to provide habitat for bees and other beneficial insects on farms is needed to sustain global food production in intensive agricultural systems. To date, the creation of hedgerows and other restored habitat areas on California farms remains low, in part because of a lack of information and outreach that addresses the benefits of field edge habitat, and growers' concerns about its effect on crop production and wildlife intrusion. Field studies in the Sacramento Valley highlighted that hedgerows can enhance pest control and pollination in crops, resulting in a return on investment within 7 to 16 years, without negatively impacting food safety. To encourage hedgerow and other restoration practices that enhance farm sustainability, increased outreach, technical guidance, and continued policy support for conservation programs in agriculture are imperative.

Employment Relations TodayVolume 44, Issue 1 p. 25-32 Special Series on Managing the Challenging Employee The Ruby Files: Part 4—The Case of the Disappearing Secrets and an Independent Contractor Garrett Parks, Garrett Parks Polsinelli PC, San Francisco, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author Garrett Parks, Garrett Parks Polsinelli PC, San Francisco, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 August 2017 https://doi.org/10.1002/ert.21611Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume44, Issue1Spring 2017Pages 25-32 RelatedInformation

The volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) of therapeutic proteins is usually assessed by non-compartmental or compartmental pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis wherein errors may arise due to the elimination of therapeutic proteins from peripheral tissues that are not in rapid equilibrium with the sampling compartment (usually blood). Here we explored another potential source of error in the estimation of Vss that is linked to the heterogeneity of therapeutic proteins which may consist of components (e.g. glycosylation variants) with different elimination rates. PK simulations were performed with such hypothetical binary protein mixtures where elimination was assumed to be exclusively from the central compartment. The simulations demonstrated that binary mixtures containing a rapid-elimination component can give rise to pronounced bi-phasic concentration-time profiles. Apparent Vss observed with both non-compartmental and 2-compartmental PK analysis, increased with increasing fraction as well as with increasing elimination rate k ( 10 ) of the rapid-elimination component. Simulation results were complemented by PK analysis of an in vivo study in cynomolgus monkeys with different lots of lenercept, a tumor necrosis factor receptor-immunoglobulin G1 fusion protein, with different heterogeneities. The comparative Vss data for the three lenercept lots with different amounts of rapidly cleared components were consistent with the outcome of our simulations. Both lots with a higher fraction of rapidly cleared components had a statistically significant higher Vss as compared to the reference lot. Overall our study demonstrates that Vss of a therapeutic protein may be overestimated in proteins with differently eliminated components.

We describe an approach to the unitary Weingarten function based on the JM elements of symmetric group algebras. When combined with previously known properties of the Weingarten function, this gives a surprising connection with the Moebius function of the