Postgraduate Center for Mental Health

The impacts resulting from Alzheimer’s Disease characterize the loss of progressive cognitive functions, memory, language and learning failures, which, over time, tend to worsen as the disease progresses. Rehabilitation possibilities seek to improve the worsening of the disease, seeking an approach that integrates knowledge in the period (2010 - 2020), in medicine, neurology and psychology. Objective: to carry out a literature review on the impacts and possibilities of rehabilitation of Alzheimer’s disease. Method: searches were performed from April to September 2021, in the following databases: SciELO and PepsiCo, observing the publication date and whether the text was in accordance with the search theme. Results: Ten articles were found that highlighted the impacts and possibilities of rehabilitation of Alzheimer’s disease, in which it was evident how important it is still to research the subject.

Phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipids, enriched on the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane, are key regulators of diverse cellular processes, often through interactions with partner proteins that regulate actin assembly. Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) provide a powerful model system to study the interactions of PIP lipids with their partner proteins. However, despite advances in SLB preparation methods, it remains a challenge to robustly obtain fluid SLBs in which PIP lipids are both mobile and asymmetrically distributed. In this study, we report a simple and robust method to generate asymmetric SLBs containing tunable amounts of PI(4,5)P 2 . By dissolving PI(4,5)P 2 below its critical micelle concentration (CMC), we enable its spontaneous insertion into the upper leaflet of SLBs exposed to bulk solution. The mobility of PI(4,5)P 2 is confirmed using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Furthermore, we demonstrate that PI(4,5)P 2 incorporated using this method retains its functionality, recruiting binding partners, actin-membrane linker ezrin, and myosin 1 motors capable of sliding actin filaments on the SLBs. Our method offers a straightforward strategy to generate asymmetric PI(4,5)P 2 -containing SLBs and is applicable to other lipid species with high CMC values.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the mean Melasma Area and Sensitivity Index (MASI) score of combined trichloroacetic acid peel and topical ascorbic acid versus trichloroacetic acid peel alone in the treatment of melasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomized Controlled Trial study conducted at Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital Multan with 6-months duration. Sample sizewas taken with OpenEpi software through formula for mean difference is used to calculate sample size. Where, Mean MASI score 12-weeks after TCA & ascorbic acid treatment = 9.50±5.31, Mean MASI score 12-weeks after TCA only treatment = 15.10±4.44, Power of the study = 80%, Confidence level = 95%. Sample size was60 (30 in each group).Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used. Patients aged 20 – 50 years, either male or female gender and diagnosed with Melasma, ≥ 3-months were included.Data analysis was done through SPSS version 23. MASI-score between the two groups was compared using independent sample t-test. Post-stratification independent sample t-test was applied and p value ≤0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTS:A paired t-test was performed to compare the MASI score reduction within each group, and an independent t-test was applied to compare reductions between groups. The results indicate a significantly greater improvement in Group A (p < 0.001).Group A showed a greater reduction in MASI scores (48.1%) compared to Group B (15.6%).The treatment effect was significant across all Fitzpatrick skin types.The addition of ascorbic acid to TCA peel resulted in superior improvement in melasma treatment. These findings suggest that combining TCA peel with topical ascorbic acid significantly enhances treatment outcomes compared to TCA peel alone. CONCLUSION: Our study confirms that the combination of TCA peel and topical ascorbic acid is significantly more effective in treating melasma compared to TCA peel alone. These findings support the routine use of combination therapy for improved patient outcomes.

Mucociliar clearance is an innate defense mechanism that protects the pulmonary system from the harmful consequences of inhaled agents, including those of biological, chemical, and physical nature. Ciliated cells, which line the surface epithelium of the airways, provide the force necessary for mucociliary clearance by the coordinated beating of their cilia. These highly specialized cells are therefore critical to the health and function of the pulmonary system. In this article, the basic biology of ciliated cells and the structure of the cilium are described. Their function and interaction with other components of the mucociliary system and the importance of mucociliary clearance to respiratory disease such as airway epithelium, Asthma, Bronchitis, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Cilia, Ciliary be

BackgroundExposure to Fluoride (F) has increased significantly, so that individuals may be consuming more than recommended. Reported effects of excessive intake include reduced serum free thryroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (FT3), calcium and increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of excessive Fluoride intake in apparently healthy children and adolescents, and explore its association changes in thyroid and parathyroid function in Jeddah-Saudi Arabia.Methods145 apparently healthy children and adolescents were recruited. 60 individuals satisfied selection criteria, and agreed to be enrolled. Subjects were examined dentally and clinically. Weights and heights were measured to calculate body mass index. Dental hygiene practices and fluoride intakes were recorded using recall method and food frequency questionnaires. Blood samples were obtained for the estimation of free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyroid stimulating hormone, Parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphate. Fluoride was estimated in a samples of drinking water, beverages, and fasting urine of subjects. Total Fluoride intakes were calculated and used to subdivide groups into high and low or optimal intake subgroups.ResultsExcessive Fluoride intake was identified among 36.7% of the individuals.Calculated intake correlated with urinary excretion (r = 0.54, p=0.0003).Significantly higher mean thyroid stimulating hormone and Parathyroid hormone and lower mean of free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcium and phosphate were found in various high intake subgroups, with some subjects having abnormal values.ConclusionExcessive F intake is common, and is associated with hyperparathyroidism and hypothyroidism in studied population.

Theory should provide a focus for clinical work. A self psychological/intersubjective model provides a particular emphasis that can guide listening and intervention. Sustaining a focus on an individual's subjective/affective experience, and on emerging vulnerability, invites the processing of previously walled-off painful affect. This article underscores how a sustained empathic focus can be instrumental in the development of an increased capacity for affect regulation and the building of psychic structure in the context of couples treatment. This focus, particularly in working with couples, highlights, and often begins to heal, intersubjective differences and ruptures, leading to a deepening of intimacy in both individuals. La teoría tiene que suministrar un foco para el trabajo clínico. El modelo self-psicológico e intersubjetivo suministra un énfasis particular que puede guiar la escucha y las intervenciones. Manteniendo el foco en la experiencia subjetiva/afectiva del individuo, y en la vulnerabilidad que emerge, facilita que se procesen afectos dolorosos que previamente habían sido dejados de lado. Este artículo subraya como el mantenimiento continuado de un foco empático puede ser decisivo en el desarrollo de una capacidad para la regulación de los afectos y la construcción de estructura psíquica en el contexto del tratamiento de parejas. Este foco, particularmente al trabajar con parejas, destaca, y a menudo empieza a curar, diferencias y rupturas intersubjetivas, lo que conduce a profundizar en la intimidad de ambos miembros de la pareja. La théorie devrait définir le centre de l'attention du travail clinique. Un modèle de psychologie du soi/théorie de intersubjectivité fournit une telle centration particulière, qui peut guider l'écoute et l'intervention. Le fait de soutenir une centration sur l'expérience subjective/affective de l'individu, et sur la vulnérabilité émergente, ouvre la porte au traitement de l'affect douloureux préalablement séquestré. Cet article souligne comment une centration empathique soutenue peut être instrumentale dans le développement d'une capacité accrue de régulation affective et de la structuration psychique dans le contexte du traitement des couples. Cette centration, particulièrement dans le travail avec les couples, éclaire, et souvent commence à guérir, les différences et les ruptures intersubjectives, menant à un approfondissement de l'intimité chez chaque individu. La teoria dovrebbe fornire un focus per il lavoro clinico. Un modello orientato dalla psicologia del sé/intersoggettività offre un accento particolare che può guidare l'ascolto e gli interventi. Sostenere l'attenzione sull'esperienza soggettivo/affettiva dell'individuo, e sulla vulnerabilità che emerge, invita all'elaborazione di affetti dolorosi prima inaccessibili. Questo articolo sottolinea come un focus empatico continuativo possa essere utile nello sviluppo di una crescente capacità di regolazione affettiva e nella costruzione di struttura psichica nel contesto della terapia di coppia. Questo focus, specialmente nel lavoro con le coppie, mette in luce, e spesso inizia a curare, le differenze e le rotture intersoggettive, portando a un approfondimento dell'intimità in entrambi gli individui. Eine Theorie sollte eine Ausrichtung für die klinische Arbeit liefern. Ein selbstpsychologisches-intersubjektives Konzept stellt eine besondere Betonung dar, die das Zuhören und die Interventionen leitet. Die Aufrechterhaltung der Aufmerksamkeit auf die subjektiven und affektiven Erfahrungen eines Menschen und auf die auftauchende Vulnerabilität ermöglicht die Bearbeitung von zuvor wie durch eine Mauer abgeschotteten schmerzlichen Affekten. Dieser Aufsatz unterstreicht, wie ein fortwährend empathischer Fokus bei der Entwicklung einer zunehmenden Fähigkeit zur Affektregulation und für den Aufbau psychischer Struktur im Kontext einer Paarbehandlung förderlich sein kann. Dieser Fokus, insbesondere bei der Arbeit mit Paaren, betont—und beginnt damit oft zu heilen—intersubjektive Unterschiede und Beziehungsbrüche und führt dadurch zu einer Vertiefung der Intimität der beiden Beteiligten.