Power+Energy (United States)

Abstract In offshore drilling around the world, 36 in. or 30 in. casing is commonly used as the Conductor Casing and subsequently 22 in., 20 in., or 16 in. used as the surface casing. Since the 1990s offshore Mexico, 20 in. casing has been utilized as the Conductor casing, set at a depth of 100-150 m MD below the mudline, followed by a Surface Casing string of 16 in.,13 5/8 in. or 13 3/8 in., set at approximately ~950 m below mudline. Historically, some shallow water production structures drove the 30 in. Conductor Casing in place, using a hydraulic or diesel driven hammer device. In some cases, these conductor strings only reached a few meters below the seabed due to soil strength or hammer capacity limitations. This shallow depth of conductor and associated low fracture gradient often resulted in losses while drilling the next hole section to between 500m – 1,100m below to mudline. The innovative idea surfaced to use the 20 in. as a combined Conductor and Surface Casing string, set at approximately ~950 m MD below the mudline and eliminate completely the use of 30 in. as the Conductor Casing string. This paper discusses the viability of using the 20 in. as Conductor/Surface Casing, by considering the life cycle of production loads, metocean forces on the Conductor for evaluating the strength and stability of the 20 in. casing and connections. Additionally, an anti-corrosive coating is applied on the 20 in. casing in the splash zone. Furthermore, the paper will discuss the operational aspects of drilling, running and cementing the 20 in. Casing, along with installation of the wellhead, base plate, and conductor guide shim installation, that were necessary to construct the well. The results of changing the well design by eliminating the 30 in. Conductor and utilizing the 20 in. as a combined Conductor/Surface Casing string, resulted in savings of approximately 16 days and US$6.0 MM per well, when compared to offset wells on the same facility with 30 in. Conductor installed.

Цель работы – сравнительное изучение особенностей микробиома слепых отростков кишечника кур-несушек с различным уровнем репродуктивного долголетия. 120 несушек кросса Хайсекс Браун были разделены на группы с условно высоким (группы 1) и низким (группа 2) репродуктивным долголетием. Для анализа микробиоты слепых отростков кишечника в возрасте выхода на плато яйценоскости у 3 кур от каждой группы отбирали пробы химуса, которые анализировали с помощью высокопроизводительного секвенирования 16S рРНК. Анализ показал преобладание (Р≤0,05) представителей филума Firmicutes (82,3±4,5%) в группе 2, тогда как в группе 1 доля этого филума составляла всего 76,6±4,2%. Содержание представителей семейства Lactobacillaceae, включающего пробиотические бактерии, в группе 1 оказалось выше, чем в группе 2, почти в 1,5 раза (Р≤0,05). Прогнозируемый суперпуть биосинтеза L-метионина был активнее у микробиома несушек группы 1 по сравнению с группой 2 в 1,3 раза (Р≤0,05), путь метаболизма хоризмата – в 1,4 раза (Р≤0,05). Полученные результаты представляют ценность для будущих исследований по оптимизации состава микробиома для повышения продуктивности и долголетия птицы.

Abstract The radiative heat transfer boundary condition typically occurs in high-temperature environments and is highly nonlinear. In these cases, noncontact measurements are usually utilized to substitute contact-based measurements that often interfere with the structure. This article proposes a linearization approach to derive a calibration integral equation for predicting surface heat flux based on temperature measurement on the back surface, where noncontact temperature measurement techniques can be effectively utilized. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that the relative root mean square errors of the predictions are only 2% when the linearization assumption is valid, making the approach highly suitable for certain engineering applications. Additionally, through an analysis of boundary conditions involving both heat convection and radiation, a criterion is proposed to ensure the feasibility of the linearization assumption.

Direct methanation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in coal-fired flue gas presents a promising approach for achieving carbon neutrality without the energy-intensive CO2 capture process. However, traditional Ni-based catalysts are easily deactivated by sulfur poisoning. In this study, a sulfur-tolerant Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst with Fe modification (xFe–Ni/A) was developed, and the promoting mechanisms were elucidated. Experimental results showed that the 1Fe–Ni/A catalyst exhibited optimal Fe loading and maintained good activity in the presence of SO2. It was revealed that Fe addition facilitated the formation of the Ni–Fe alloy and modulated the catalyst’s surface chemistry, thereby promoting the reaction activity. Furthermore, the physicochemical and SO2 adsorption properties of the catalyst suggested that Fe not only functioned as a protective agent for Ni sites against SO2 but also inhibited overall SO2 adsorption, resulting in enhanced sulfur resistance. This study provides valuable guidance for the design of sulfur-tolerant catalysts by doping sacrificial sites and modulating SO2 adsorption using non-noble metals, laying the foundation for the scale-up industrial applications of CO2 utilization in the SO2-containing environment.

(Abstracted from Lancet 2024;403:1341–1350) Prognosis for locally advanced cervical cancer is poor, with 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival ranging from 47% to 80%. For the past several decades, treatment has included external beam radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy followed by brachytherapy, and novel therapeutic options are needed.

Constructing core-shell structures can effectively reduce the surface quenching effect of luminescent materials, which becomes an effective method to enhance upconversion luminescence. In this work, a series of NaLnF<sub>4</sub>@NaLnF<sub>4</sub> (Ln = Y<sup>3+</sup>, Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Ho<sup>3+</sup>) core-shell microcrystals is successfully synthesized based on epitaxial growth technology, thereby enhancing and regulating the upconversion emission of Ho<sup>3+</sup> ions. The results of the XRD and SEM indicate that the NaLnF<sub>4</sub>@NaLnF<sub>4</sub> core-shell microcrystal possesses a pure hexagonal-phase crystal structure with a rod-like shape. Meanwhile, it is found that the epitaxial growth direction of the micro-shell is not affected by the crystal characteristics in the core, but determined by the crystal characteristics of the shell. Under 980 nm near-infrared laser excitation, the upconversion luminescence properties of single microrods with different core-shell structures are investigated via a confocal microscope spectroscopy. It is found that in the NaLnF<sub>4</sub> micro-crystal, the coated NaYF<sub>4</sub> inert shell can also effectively reduce the quenching effect on the surface of the micro-crystal for enhancing upconversion emission. When the Yb<sup>3+</sup> ions are introduced into NaYF<sub>4</sub> or NaYbF<sub>4</sub> active shell that is coated, the Yb<sup>3+</sup> ions in the shell can effectively transfer excitation energy to Yb<sup>3+</sup> in the core through energy migration, and then establish new energy transfer channels, thereby realizing the Ho<sup>3+</sup> ion luminescence enhancement. For NaHoF<sub>4</sub>@NaYbF<sub>4</sub> core-shell microrods, the Yb<sup>3+</sup> in the shell can transfer more excitation energy to Ho<sup>3+</sup> ions at the adjacent interface for enhancing the overall luminescence intensity, and its higher red-green ratio is mainly due to the cross-relaxation process occurring between the Ho<sup>3+</sup> ions at high doping concentration of Ho<sup>3+</sup> in the NaHoF<sub>4</sub> core. Meanwhile, the luminescence process of the micron core-shell system is further confirmed based on the luminescence characteristics of different structures and the dynamic luminescence process. It can be seen that constructing different micron core-shell structures and introducing sensitizing ions, can not only effectively enhance the luminous intensity of the micron materials, but also adjust the output color. Therefore, this research is an important experimental reference for enhancing the luminous intensity of the micron system and the precise adjustment of luminescence, and can effectively expand the applications of micron crystals in the fields of displays, micron lasers and anti-counterfeiting.

The 29th Power and Energy Society Annual Conference was held on September 12-14, 2018 at Josanjima Campus of Tokushima University in Tokushima, Japan. The total number of presented technical papers was 409 and that of technical sessions was 52 (51 oral sessions and one poster session). A panel discussion and a special lecture were also organized during the conference period. The seats of the most events held during the period were fully occupied with audiences, and the final enrollment attained to 1,001. The conference was successfully completed with the great contribution from all the participants. This report reports the outline of the conference.

نظراً لما أشارت إليه نتائج الدراسات السابقة من تعدد الأخطاء التي يقع بها معدو الاختبارات التحصيلية في صياغة مفردات الاختيار من متعدد، وكذلك ما أشارت إليه نتائج الدراسة الاستطلاعية على طلاب الفرقة الرابعة في تخصص علم النفس بكلية التربية بجامعة المنيا من تعدد هذه الأخطاء، فقد هدف البحث إلى إعداد برنامج لتدريب هؤلاء الطلاب على مهارات وقواعد صياغة مفردات الاختيار من متعدد، ومعرفة أثر هذا البرنامج في الاتجاه نحو بناء الاختبارات التحصيلية. ولتحقيق هذا الغرض تم بناء قائمة لقواعد صياغة مفردات الاختيار من متعدد، ومقياس للاتجاه نحو بناء الاختبارات التحصيلية بالإضافة إلى البرنامج التدريبي، وتم الاعتماد على المنهج شبه التجريبي القائم على تصميم المجموعة الواحدة، وأسفرت النتائج عن انخفاض مستوى قدرة الطلاب على صياغة أسئلة الاختيار من متعدد قبل التدريب على قواعد الصياغة الصحيحة حيث بلغ هذا المستوى ٥٣.٩١٤٪، كما كان مستوى الاتجاه نحو بناء الاختبارات التحصيلية قبل التدريب محايداً، حيث بلغ هذا المستوى ٦٤.٦١٣٪، كما وجدت علاقة ارتباطية طردية بين قدرات الطلاب على صياغة مفردات الاختيار من متعدد واتجاهاتهم نحو بناء الاختبارات التحصيلية، كما أشارت النتائج إلى وجود فرق ذي دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطي قدرات الطلاب في صياغة الاختيار من متعدد قبل وبعد التدريب وكان هذا الفرق في اتجاه متوسط قدراتهم بعد التدريب، كما كان هناك فرق دال إحصائياً بين متوسطي اتجاهات الطلاب نحو بناء الاختبارات التحصيلية قبل وبعد التدريب وكان هذا الفرق في اتجاه متوسط اتجاهاتهم بعد التدريب، وقد أوصى البحث بضرورة تخصيص وقت أكبر لتدريب الطلاب على قواعد صياغة مفردات الاختيار من متعدد في أثناء الدراسة بكلية التربية، وضرورة العمل على تنمية اتجاهاتهم نحو بناء الاختبارات التحصيلية.

Progress is reported on the development and commercialization of HEMS, a novel technology for the measurement of key trace concentrations of contaminants in Hydrogen as identified in SAE-J2719 and ISO 14687, at point of use at Hydrogen fueling station. This is the only commercial technology to validate real time the compliance with SAE / ISO standards. The core of the technology are pre-concentrators, developed by Power & Energy, Inc. which selectively eliminate hydrogen, while retaining and concentrating the impurities. The concentration of the impurities can be increased more than 5,000- 20,000 fold, thus simplifying and enhancing their analysis. The HEMS device uses proprietary GC-TCD analyzers. The HEMS device generates its own pure H2 as GC pushing fluid from the same Hydrogen sample prepared for analysis. Thus HEMS is totally self-contained. The system has demonstrated 5 ppb level detection of H2S, COS and CS2, <30 ppb NH3, ~50 ppb CO, ppm detection of CO2, O2, H2O, and CH4, We will report results on the analytical figures of merit, including linearity, precision, accuracy for the analytes listed in the SAE-J2719 standard. HEMS is designed to be operated at Hydrogen Fueling Stations in continuous sampling mode. The analyte sample can be introduced at about 100 PSIA, sample required is about 1 liter, and analysis time is about 15 minutes.

Abstract Industries are now moving towards PC-based control from PLC (Programmable Logic Control) based control as the PC (personal computer) is easily available and capable of implementing various control strategies to improve productivity. Advances in both hardware and software technology are expediting this move. Absence of a user friendly, cost effective and easy to apply advanced control strategy based software is the motivation for this work. In this paper we reviewed issues of software application in process control systems. We present the development of an advance process control software tool and its application on a pH neutralization plant. Neural network model based DIC (Direct Inverse Control) strategy is implemented to control the process. The application and results shows the viability and robustness of the advanced control software and its superiority over the conventional PID (proportional–integral–derivative) controller.