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Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. Ex Poir. (Capparaceae) is an important local famine food plant in Africa and is widely exploited by healers in the Sahelian region for its seeds, which are used to reduce hyperglycemia. We studied the efficacy of the commercial dosage form of Boscia senegalensis, namely Boscisucrophage (BSP), in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with resistance to oral antihyperglycemic drugs. The clinical benefits of BSP were in a prospective, single-center, open-label, single-arm interventional study involving 43 naïve patients and 289 diabetic patients resistant to oral antidiabetic drugs. All patients received capsules containing a fixed dose of 350 mg of BSP, taken three times daily for 12 weeks. Outcomes were monitored through venous blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), urine glucose excretion (UGE), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine levels, and clinical examination of functional symptoms. In the clinical study, BSP significantly reduced glycemia and HbA1c levels, increased urine glucose excretion (UGE), and alleviated the side effects and functional symptoms of T2DM. Our clinical findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the potential use of BSP to reduce glycemia and HbA1c in T2DM patients resistant to oral antihyperglycemic drugs, with no significant adverse effects observed in this study. These results highlight BSP's potential as a dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor, suggesting a novel mechanism of action. However, further validation through randomized controlled trials is necessary to confirm these findings. Trial Registration: National Ethics Committee (N°679/PR/PM/MSP/SE/SG/DHATC/SGH/SRH/13).

This study investigated the phytochemical profile of Solanum Obtusifolium Dunal extract and explored its biological activities, such as antihyperglycemic, antiglycation, and anti-inflammatory properties. Also, it conducted computational analyses, such as molecular docking simulations. Advanced technique, including high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector, was employed to identify and quantify phytochemicals. This research evaluated the antiglycation properties of Solanum Obtusifolium Dunal hydro-ethanolic extract by analyzing glycation progression across different stages. The in vitro assessment of the antihyperglycemic effect involved the enzymes α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase. The anti-inflammatory effect was demonstrated by the inhibition of protein denaturation and the stabilization of cell membranes. Computational studies, including ADME analysis and molecular docking, were also performed. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the significant presence of quercetin, p-coumaric acid, catechin, and gallic acid in the hydroethanolic extract from Solanum Obtusifolium Dunal fruit. In glycation assays, this extract exhibited targeted inhibitory effects at multiple levels. Additionally, it had a significant impact (p < 0.001) on the activity of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase enzymes in vitro. This extract also exhibited a protective effect against hemolysis and protein denaturation. The findings were supported by the presence of a significant amount of flavonoids and phenolic acids, identified through HPLC-DAD analysis, along with computational studies and molecular docking, which also confirmed that the molecules of this extract were not toxic according to ADMET testing.

Purpose The asset management industry has experienced a major evolution in Morocco. Since the mid-1990s, it has contributed to the financing of public spending in the country. At this time, the industry began to play an important role in financing the Moroccan economy and has since experienced constant growth. Today, with 582 undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities managed, it is a real vehicle for collecting savings and boosting financial markets, according to the president of the Association of Management Companies and Investment Funds (ASFIM). The objective of this research is to analyse the behavioural biases impacting the decisions of asset managers affiliated with Moroccan banks. This study aims to highlight these biases in light of the existing literature in behavioural finance. Design/methodology/approach The study employs an empirical approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with 14 asset managers from 7 different Moroccan banks. The research focuses on three main behavioural finance models. The first is related to the models of KAHENMAN and TVERSKY. The second relates to the model of the economist SHILLER, and finally, a proposal is in line with the models of SHEFRIN and STATMAN. Findings The results provide evidence of the presence of specific psychological biases in the decision-making processes of asset managers when buying and selling on the Casablanca Stock Exchange. In particular, the study shows that their investment decisions were significantly affected by loss aversion and overconfidence. Originality/value This research contributes to the understanding of how behavioural biases influence asset management decisions in the Moroccan context. It adds to the limited literature on behavioural finance in emerging markets, particularly focusing on the asset management industry in Morocco.

Argania spinosa L. Skeels is an ecological pillar of the arid zones of South-West Morocco, currently threatened by the drastic climate change. This study investigates the effect of the combined application of compost (C) and subsurface water retention technology (SWRT) on field performances of one-(1Y) and two-year-old (2Y) argan seedlings. A randomized field trial was performed with four treatments: Control, C, SWRT, and C + SWRT. We evaluated soil properties, growth, and physiology, alongside biochemical parameters including stress markers, compatible solutes, antioxidant enzyme activities, and secondary metabolites. The results reveal the significant effect of C and/or SWRT on argan seedlings performances, particularly in 1Y subjects. The C + SWRT strongly stimulated stem elongation (246% vs. 163%), stomatal conductance (75% vs. 99%), photosynthetic efficiency (18% vs. 11%), and chlorophyll a content (80% vs. 65%) in 1Y and 2Y seedlings, respectively, compared to their corresponding controls. Under the same treatment, malondialdehyde levels were significantly reduced by 37% in 1Y seedlings and 23% in 2Y seedlings. In addition, catalase activity and soluble sugar, protein, and polyphenol content increased by 38, 43, 26, and 21%, respectively, in the younger seedlings and by 53, 51, 18, and 19%, respectively, in the elder seedlings. In terms of soil health, C + SWRT significantly enhanced total organic carbon and matter, available phosphorus, and reduced electrical conductivity. In summary, the C + SWRT application significantly improved argan plant performances, with a particularly marked effect on 1Y seedlings, which makes this combination an alternative solution to enhance the resilience of the argan tree in the era of climate change and promote the success of the reforestation program.

Background: Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corms, often discarded as agricultural by-products, are a promising and sustainable source of bioactive metabolites with potential therapeutic relevance. However, their anticancer potential remains largely underinvestigated. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the phytochemical composition of hydroethanolic extracts from fresh (HEEF) and stored (HEES) saffron corms and to evaluate their anticancer effectiveness against colorectal cancer cells. Methods: Phytochemical profiling was performed using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Cytotoxicity against T84 and SW480 colorectal cancer cell lines was determined by the crystal violet assay. Apoptosis-related protein modulation was assessed by Western blotting. Additionally, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and MM/GBSA calculations were used to investigate ligand–target binding affinities and stability. Results: Both extracts contained diverse primary and secondary metabolites, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, lignans, anthraquinones, carotenoids, sugars, and fatty acids. HEES showed higher relative abundance of key bioactive metabolites than HEEF, which was enriched mainly in primary metabolites. HEES showed significantly greater dose-dependent cytotoxicity, particularly against SW480 cells after 24 h (IC50 = 34.85 ± 3.35). Apoptosis induction was confirmed through increased expression of caspase-9 and p53 in T84 cells. In silico studies revealed strong and stable interactions of major metabolites, especially 3,8-dihydroxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid with COX2 and crocetin with VEGFR2. Conclusions: Stored saffron corms possess a richer bioactive profile and show enhanced anticancer effects in vitro compared with fresh saffron corms, suggesting that they may represent a promising source of compounds for the future development of colorectal cancer therapeutics.

Human activity recognition (HAR) increasingly executes on microcontrollers to satisfy privacy, latency, and energy constraints, yet most deployed TinyML models remain closed set and overconfident when faced with unseen behaviors, placement shifts, or sensor anomalies. We present <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TrustTiny-HAR</i>, a resource-efficient pipeline that unifies an int8 time-series backbone with a distilled trust head and a lightweight streaming conformal layer. The unified head produces calibrated class probabilities and a compact out-of-distribution (OOD) surrogate score learned from teacher signals (energy of logits and prototype/ Mahalanobis distance), while the conformal layer maintains tiny on-device quantiles to enforce coverage-controlled acceptance thresholds. When evidence is insufficient, the device abstains and may optionally escalate using a 32–64D feature sketch, avoiding raw-signal transmission. Evaluated under leave-one-subject-out protocols on UCI HAR, PAMAP2, and WISDM with multiple OOD stressors (unseen classes, placement shift, injected anomalies), TrustTiny-HAR matches strong int8 baselines on indistribution macro-F1 (e.g., 93.8 on UCI HAR) while substantially improving calibration (ECE 2.4%) and OOD robustness (AUROC 0.96 for unseen, FPR@95 0.22 for placement shift). As a selective classifier, it attains the desired 90% coverage with conservative risk (e.g., 6.1%) from a buffer of only 128–512 windows. System profiling on nRF52840/STM32L4 shows < 10% energy overhead compared to a TinyCNN baseline, with tight RAM/Flash budgets preserved. The result is a practical template for trustworthy, on-device HAR that knows when not to guess. Our code is available at: <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/Ism-ail11/TrustTiny-HAR</uri>.

ABSTRACT In Bangladesh, where a burgeoning population strains limited road networks, wrong‐way driving (WWD) exacerbates traffic congestion and elevates accident risks, posing a critical public safety challenge. We present a pioneering real‐time WWD detection system that integrates cutting‐edge image processing and deep learning to transform traffic monitoring. Our methodology combines the Hough line transform for precise road boundary extraction with the state‐of‐the‐art YOLOv5 algorithm for high‐fidelity, real‐time vehicle detection. Vehicle direction is inferred from single‐frame orientation (distinguishing front/rear views) without multi‐frame tracking, ensuring lightweight operation and scalable deployment. Tested on a novel, region‐specific dataset from Chattogram, the system achieves an impressive 96% vehicle detection accuracy (mAP@0.5) during training and validation. Real‐world evaluations on 20 diverse test videos yield an overall 60.6% recall for wrong‐way vehicles, with a representative subset of 10 videos reaching 75% recall (and 41% precision). This research advances computer vision applications in traffic safety, providing an effective and deployable framework for reducing WWD incidents in high congestion urban regions and paving the way for enhanced intelligent transportation systems.

Cedrus atlantica wood tar (CAWT) is traditionally used as a medicinal product, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite its traditional use, scientific support for its efficacy remains limited. This study evaluated the biological properties of CAWT using an integrated approach that combined qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis, disc diffusion and microdilution tests for antimicrobial assays (disc diffusion and microdilution), antioxidant activity (DPPH and ferric-reducing power assays), in silico ADMET/toxicity, docking, and MD/MMGBSA and provided a balanced comparison with reference antioxidants. This study demonstrated that CAWT is rich in secondary metabolites linked to biological activity, including polyphenols (307.39 ± 58.45 mg GAE/g), tannins (124.42 ± 6.14 mg TAE/g), and flavonoids (15.62 ± 2.53 mg QE/g). For free radical scavenging, CAWT inhibited DPPH with an IC50 of 19.781 ± 2.51 µg/mL and showed ferric-reducing activity with an IC50 of 83.7 ± 2.88 µg/mL for its antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; inhibition zones reached 35.66 ± 0.58 mm. In silico analysis, Swiss ADMET and pkCSM predicted ≥ 94% intestinal absorption, no cytochrome P450 liabilities, and low acute toxicity for six dominant terpenoids. Docking pinpointed trans-cadina-1(6),4-diene and α/β-himachalene as high-affinity ligands of LasR and gyrase B (ΔG ≈ −8 kcal mol−1). A 100 ns GROMACS run confirmed stable hydrophobic locking of the lead LasR complex (RMSD 0.22 nm), while MM/GBSA calculated a dispersion-dominated binding free energy of −37 kcal mol−1. Overall, CAWT showed in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH and ferric-reducing assays) and inhibitory effects in disc diffusion assays, while in silico predictions for major terpenoids suggested favorable oral absorption and low acute toxicity. However, chemical composition analysis and bio-guided fractionation are necessary to confirm the antimicrobial activity and to validate the compounds responsible for the observed effects.