Prince of Songkla University

Background: The immunogenicity of co-administering coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and influenza vaccines is not well-established, especially regarding cell-mediated immune response (CMIR). We aimed to evaluate both CMIR and humoral immune response (HIR) in this context. Materials and Methods: In this pilot randomized controlled trial, 36 healthy adults were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive the influenza vaccine, the COVID-19 vaccine, or co-administration. CMIR was assessed using the interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and HIR was measured by anti-receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, both before and 4 weeks after vaccination. The primary outcome was the geometric mean ratio (GMR) of post-vaccination responses, with a lower bound of the 95% confidence interval (CI) >0.67 as the noninferiority margin. Results: GMRs between co-administration and COVID-19 vaccine were 1.03 (95% CI: 0.43-2.44) for CMIR and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.52-1.29) for HIR; both failed to meet the noninferiority margin. The immune response magnitude was 1.60 (95% CI: 0.64-4.00) for CMIR and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.41-1.58) for HIR. Conclusions: Post-vaccination immune responses were overall comparable, although the confidence intervals fell below the statistical noninferiority threshold. In terms of response magnitude, CMIR increased more and HIR increased less in the co-administration group. These findings may support a co-administration strategy, but larger trials are needed for confirmation.

Au/Bi2MoO6 nanocomposites as visible-light-driven photocatalyst were prepared by sonochemical-assisted deposition method using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent. X-ray powder diffraction patterns, XPS spectra, and SEM and TEM images of Au/Bi2MoO6 nanocomposites confirmed the coexisted metallic Au0 nanoparticles and orthorhombic Bi2MoO6 nanoplates to form Schottky barriers. DRS spectra of Au/Bi2MoO6 nanocomposites have the absorption band in UV-visible light region higher than pure Bi2MoO6 nanoplates. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Au nanoparticles played the role in enhancing the separation of charge carriers and the photocatalytic performance of Bi2MoO6 nanoplates. The effect of Au nanoparticles loaded on Bi2MoO6 nanoplates was monitored through rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under visible light irradiation. In this research, 5% Au/Bi2MoO6 nanocomposites have the highest degradation efficiency of 98.77% within 150 min. Active species involved in the photodegradation of RhB were investigated by trapping experiment and explained according to the results.

ObjectiveHuman demineralized tooth matrix (hDTM) is a promising tooth-derived graft material; however, demineralization protocols vary widely and may alter matrix structure, degradation behavior, and growth factor detectability. This study investigates the combined effects of hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration (0.5 vs 1.0M) and immersion time (10 vs 20 min) on the physicochemical characteristics, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) detection, degradation behavior and osteoblast response of hDTM.MethodsCaries-free permanent teeth (particle size 500–1000 μm) were demineralized using four HCl protocols: 0.5M/10 min, 0.5M/20 min, 1M/10 min, and 1M/20 min. Morphology, crystallinity, and surface features were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. Total protein and BMP-2 were quantified using Bradford and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays. In-vitro degradation was monitored for 60 days in simulated body fluid. MC3T3-E1 osteoblast adhesion and proliferation were evaluated using the SEM and PrestoBlue® assay. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to assess main and interaction effects of concentration and time.ResultsBoth HCl concentration and immersion time significantly influenced hDTM properties. Lower concentration enlarged dentinal tubules and collagen exposure, whereas higher concentration produced surface microcracking and reduced collagen exposure. Higher HCl concentration increased degradation (1M/20 min: 23.76 ± 3.23% vs. 0.5M/20 min: 9.02 ± 0.63%, p < 0.01), while longer immersion increased ELISA-detected BMP-2 levels (1M/20 min: 11.8 ± 1.9 ng/g; 0.5M/20 min: 5.3 ± 1.6 ng/g vs. control: 0.1 ng/g, p < 0.001). Significant independent and interactive effects of HCl concentration and immersion time were observed (p < 0.001). Among the test conditions, a 0.5M/20 min protocol demonstrated balanced collagen preservation, controlled degradation, and favorable osteoblast proliferation.ConclusionHCl concentration and immersion time independently and interactively modulate hDTM properties. Within the test conditions, 0.5M HCl for 20 minutes provides a practical solution and balances collagen preservation, controlled degradation, and osteoblast proliferation, supporting its use as a feasible approach for fabricating tooth-derived bone graft materials.

Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker of bacterial infection and sepsis severity, but its role in melioidosis remains unclear. This study aimed to synthesize available evidence on serum PCT levels in culture-confirmed melioidosis and explore associations with disease severity and mortality. Methods: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and registered the protocol with PROSPERO (CRD420251166979). PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched up to 30 October 2025. Observational studies reporting serum PCT levels in microbiologically confirmed melioidosis were included. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled mean PCT levels, with heterogeneity assessed by I2. Sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the influence of historical and small-sample studies. Results: Seven studies comprising 284 patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis were included. The pooled mean PCT level was 14.46 ng/mL (95% CI: 4.59-24.33), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 87.7%). Sensitivity analyses excluding the oldest study and the smallest sample size reduced heterogeneity but retained consistently elevated PCT levels across cohorts. Higher PCT concentrations were consistently observed among patients with septic shock, bacteremia, and fatal outcomes, although variability in definitions precluded quantitative synthesis of prognostic effect sizes. These findings were based on heterogeneous study-level comparisons and could not be synthesized quantitatively. Conclusions: PCT is markedly elevated in melioidosis and reflects the severity of systemic infection, supporting its potential role as an adjunctive biomarker for early risk stratification. However, substantial heterogeneity and limited sample sizes prevent the establishment of a melioidosis-specific prognostic threshold. Standardized, prospective, multicenter studies are required to clarify the independent prognostic value of PCT in melioidosis management. This study establishes a pooled estimate of serum PCT levels in melioidosis and demonstrates that these values are comparable to those observed in severe bacterial sepsis, supporting its interpretation as a marker of systemic inflammatory burden rather than a disease-specific biomarker.

A flexible ammonium ion-sensing skin patch was developed based on a three-dimensional (3D) polystyrenesulfonate:polyaniline/copper microflower (PSS:PANI/CuMF) nanoarchitecture deposited on a flexible graphene electrode. The hierarchical 3D nanostructure integrates CuMF with a PSS:PANI network, providing a high-density electroactive surface, enhanced charge-transfer pathways, and stable ion-doping sites for NH4+ detection. The transducer was fabricated via a two-step electrochemical process and characterized using SEM and FTIR, confirming the formation of nanostructured CuMF and uniform nanopolymer coating. Coupled with adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV), the sensor exhibited dual linear ranges (0.01–20 mM and 20–60 mM), high sensitivity (127.9 μA mM–1 cm–2 in the low range), and a low detection limit of 3.3 μM. The nanoscale PSS:PANI framework enables reversible NH4+ doping/dedoping through fixed sulfonate sites, while CuMF enhances electron-transfer kinetics. Integration into a wearable patch platform demonstrated reliable detection of NH4+ in artificial sweat using a skin-mimicking model. This work presents a nanostructured, flexible electrochemical platform for noninvasive ammonium monitoring, with potential applications in wearable bioanalysis.

Traditionally, Boys’ Love (BL) narratives, a female-centred subculture, have been praised as spaces for challenging heteronormativity and reimagining masculinity. Paradoxically, women within BL narratives are often depicted as flat side characters or villains, while internalized misogyny has received limited scholarly attention. Jittirain (pseudonym of Jittinat Ngamnak), the author of &lt;i&gt;2gether&lt;/i&gt;—marking Thai BL as a global phenomenon—mobilises aspects of female identity by portraying Thai women as antagonistic figures. Consequently, two of her Thai BL works &lt;i&gt;2gether&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Fish Upon the Sky&lt;/i&gt; that later underwent revision due to online criticism after the broadcast of their TV series adaptations, form the focus of this study. This research examines how female antagonism is constructed, revised, and negotiated through intersecting positions of gender, sexuality, and authorship, and how these constructions shape women’s sense of belonging within BL narratives. Through comparative analysis drawing on intersectionality, feminist translation, and narrative analysis of literary and audiovisual adaptations, this study demonstrates that “female villainy” is not a stable category but is negotiated by the various agents involved in the production and consumption of BL. It further reveals language and narrative structure functioning as sites of both the reproduction and attempted subversion of misogynistic norms—efforts often constrained by translation practices and commercial imperatives.

Objective: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are crucial for diagnosing ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). The indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) is commonly used but may produce perinuclear ANCA (p-ANCA) positivity in non-AAV, especially in antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive cases. Specific ANA patterns and high titers may increase the frequency of non-AAV–p-ANCA positivity. This study aims to assess the correlation and impact of ANA patterns and titers on p-ANCA interpretation by IIFA.Material and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed ANA-positive serum samples collected between 2019 and 2024. IIFA tested ANA and ANCA, while antibodies to myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Only ELISA-negative cases were included. IIFA classified samples into non-MPO–p-ANCA-positive and p-ANCA-negative groups. ANA patterns and titers were interpreted using International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) guidelines. Chi-square and logistic regression identified factors associated with non-MPO–p-ANCA positivity.Results: Non-MPO–p-ANCA positivity was identified in 23.9% of cases (n=32). The homogeneous ANA pattern showed a significant association (adjusted OR: 4.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–14.37, p-value=0.027). High ANA titer (≥1:1280) was also independently related to this outcome (adjusted OR: 4.47, 95% CI: 1.50–13.33, p-value=0.007), whereas intermediate titers were associated with a lower likelihood of positivity.Conclusion: Homogeneous pattern and high titer were associated with non-MPO–p-ANCA positivity. Standardized ANCA testing, including ANA assessment and confirmatory MPO/PR3-ANCA ELISA, improves diagnostic accuracy and reduces misinterpretation in autoimmune serology.