Princess of Naradhiwas University

To assess durian peel as a potential ruminant feed resource, this study investigated the effects of various fermentation additives on silage quality, nutrient composition, and feed safety. The experimental design followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments: yeast, salt, and sodium nitrate. Each additive was applied at 1% of the fresh matter. The experiment was conducted in triplicate, with each replicate serving as an independent fermentation unit prepared in an individual 20-L plastic container. Fresh durian peel was manually chopped into 2–3 cm pieces, thoroughly mixed with the specified additives, and stored under anaerobic conditions for 21 days. Fermentation quality was assessed based on physical characteristics, pH, and residual hydrocyanic acid concentration. Chemical composition was analyzed using standard proximate and fiber analysis. The results showed that all treatments produced silage of acceptable quality, characterized by a favorable fermented aroma and desirable pH values. Residual hydrocyanic acid levels in across ensiled durian peel treatments remained well within safe limits for ruminant feeding. Yeast supplementation yielded the highest crude protein content and enhanced palatability, whereas salt improved physical characteristics, color stability, and gross energy. Notably, sodium nitrate was the most effective additive for reducing fiber fractions and further minimizing cyanide residues. The results indicate that durian peel can be effectively preserved and its nutritional value enhanced through ensiling with appropriate additives. Overall, yeast supplementation yielded in the highest crude protein content, while salt treatments enhanced silage physical quality and energy value. Conversely, sodium nitrate was most effective in treatment reducing fiber fractions and mitigating cyanide residues. The selection of fermentation additives should be tailored to specific production goals, such as maximizing protein content, ensuring feed safety, and optimizing cost-effectiveness. These findings suggest the potential of ensiled durian peel as a sustainable and low-cost potential roughage source for ruminants in tropical regions.

Abstract This study investigated the use of palm oil mill sludge and local clay as raw materials for producing pelletized growing media, with the aim of assessing their suitability for cultivating Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis). Based on the study of the physical properties of fired clay pellets derived from palm oil mill sludge mixed with clay, it was found that the control group and the mixtures at ratios of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 (sludge: clay) exhibited mildly alkaline characteristics, with average pH values of 7.46 (commercial control), 7.24, 7.28, and 7.29 for the 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 treatments, respectively. The water absorption capacity varied among treatments, with the 25:75 ratio exhibiting the highest average absorption rate at 33.3%. Electrical conductivity (EC) analysis revealed that the 75:25 ratio had the highest EC value at 954.0 µS/cm. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observations showed that all pellet formulations had rough surface textures with average pore sizes ranging from 2 to 15 µm. When the pellets were used as growing media for Chinese cabbage, plant height, canopy size, leaf width, and the number of leaves were not significantly different across all treatments compared to those using commercial pellets. However, root length and plant biomass varied. The 25:75 ratio yielded the most extended average root length at 22.6 cm and the highest average plant weight at 130.3 g. These findings indicate the potential of using palm oil mill sludge mixed with clay as an alternative growing medium for cultivating Chinese cabbage.

To assess the impact of an integrated model of care in curing hepatitis C in people who use drugs in Thailand. The C-Free Study enrolled people with current or prior drug use and their partners in a prospective cohort at community drop-in centres providing harm reduction services. Participants were screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and sexually transmitted infections. Eligible participants with HCV infection received a 12-week course of sofosbuvir-velpatasvir. The main impact outcome was sustained virological response, measured 12 weeks after treatment completion. Between June 2019 and April 2023, we enrolled 2871 participants in 10 sites across Thailand: 1601 (55.8%) had HCV antibodies; 1275 (44.4%) had active HCV infection; 846 (29.5%) had HIV; and 221 (7.7%) had HBV. Of 1134 participants with active HCV who started treatment with sofosbuvir-velpatasvir, 939 (82.8%) achieved a sustained virological response. Among 987 participants completing treatment, 95.1% achieved a sustained virological response. In multivariable analysis, age > 40 years (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 1.63; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.04-2.54) and poor treatment adherence (aOR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.02-0.20) were associated with sustained virological response. Of 34 serious adverse events during treatment, six led to treatment discontinuation including five non-treatment-related deaths. Community-based HCV treatment of people who use drugs in Thailand, within harm reduction settings, is safe and effective. Integration of this strategy into national programmes could enhance HCV elimination in people who use drugs.

This research purposes evaluate the creativity through learning management of “Scaffolding” Technique with the Diploma students in Branch of Management, Songkhla Community College. To foster creative thinking by employing "Scaffolding" Technique to the Diploma students. The target group in this research was 25 first year students in Branch of Management in Songkhla Community College, who registered for a Basic Business course. The student samples were obtained through a purposive sampling method because only one basic business course in Branch of Management was offered due to the requirement of the Institute of Community College. The result of the research can be concluded that the comparison of the creativity evaluation of the diploma student samples on the Business Model Canvas (BMC) by using the evaluation criteria based on the theory of creative thinking of the Guilford’s is 70% significantly higher than the preset criterion at .01.

Two-dimensional (2D) topological materials have attracted considerable interest because of their potential applications in next-generation quantum and spintronic devices. In this work, we systematically investigate the structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of Janus MoWCO2 MXene using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, both with and without spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The energetically favored O-terminated configurations are examined in detail, revealing that the 2H phase exhibits higher thermodynamic, mechanical, and dynamical stability than the 1T phase. In the absence of SOC, both phases display metallic behavior. Upon inclusion of SOC, a band inversion emerges at the Γ point. In particular, SOC opens a narrow band gap of approximately 0.10 eV in the 2H phase, whereas the 1T phase remains gapless and exhibits semimetallic characteristics. Topological analysis based on helical edge states and Z2 invariants indicates that 2H-MoWCO2 is a strong topological insulator candidate, while 1T-MoWCO2 can be classified as a topological semimetal candidate. These findings suggest that Janus MoWCO2 MXene represents a promising two-dimensional platform for exploring SOC-driven topological phases and related quantum phenomena.

This research seeks to explore an in-depth understanding of healthcare logistics and supply chain (HCLS) research, focusing on citation, co-word, and thematic analyses. The research employed a bibliometric analysis using the Scopus database. Citation analysis identified influential publications, while co-word and thematic analysis examined foundational theories and recurring themes, and future directions. VOSviewer software and R programming were utilised to visualise bibliometric networks, and searches were conducted using specific terms related to HCLS. The study identified 1,703 documents published between 1994 and 2025, with a rising trend in publications and citations since 2018. The analyses identify distinct research clusters that represent the underlying knowledge base and illustrate the evolution of research streams within HCLS. The proposed future research directions in HCLS build upon these clusters, providing guidance for advancing both theoretical insights and practical applications in the field, such as process optimisation for efficiency and waste reduction, patient safety and service quality, digital transformation and Internet of Things (IoT), resilience and risk management, cold chain optimisation, sustainability in healthcare logistics and supply chain. The findings offer guidance to researchers, policymakers, and industry leaders in addressing the evolving dynamics of the healthcare sector.

BackgroundBurnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and reduced personal efficacy (PE), is a significant psychological condition that affects healthcare professionals, including medical students. While several factors, such as social support, extracurricular activities, and sleep adequacy, have been studied in relation to burnout, some findings remain equivocal. Furthermore, research on pre-clerkship medical students, particularly in Thailand, and certain variables, such as commute time and private time, is limited. This study aimed to assess burnout prevalence among pre-clerkship medical students at Chulalongkorn University (Bangkok, Thailand) and explore the correlation between burnout and related factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) via an online questionnaire.ResultsAmong 298 respondents, the average age was 19.80 years, and 54.7% were men. 13.8% of respondents were classified as experiencing burnout. High EE (45.0%), high DP (54.4%), and low PE (51.3%) were observed. Univariate analysis revealed that inadequate sleep, inadequate private time, and longer commute times, especially 60–90 min in the morning, were significantly associated with higher levels of burnout. In addition, engaging in extracurricular activities for 10–29 h per week was linked to a lower burnout rate. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that time spent on extracurricular activities was inversely correlated with burnout (adjusted OR = 0.59, P = 0.038), whereas self-reported inadequacy of sleep and longer commute times were directly correlated to burnout (adjusted OR = 2.47, P = 0.016, and adjusted OR = 1.93, P = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionOur findings suggest that medical schools may design their pre-clerkship curricula and support structures to encourage student participation in extracurricular activities, support adequate sleep, and minimize commute time by providing accommodation facilities, as these may be associated with a lower risk of burnout among medical students.

Exploring emergent phases in monolayer alloy superconductors represents a forefront endeavor in contemporary quantum materials research. Following the successful exploration of AlB2 in a superconducting state, we provide a significant reference for examining superconductivity in Si-substituted AlB2 using first-principles predictions. This noteworthy outcome highlights that Al0.75Si0.25B2 is one of the energetically stable configurations within the Al1-xSixB2 system that exhibits the superconducting state. However, the anharmonic effects on this phase significantly impact its phonon spectra, potentially influencing dynamical stability. In specific cases, the application of the stochastic self-consistent harmonic approximation enables us to capture how thermally induced lattice vibrations impact the equilibrium structure of the material. It is observed that the inclusion of anharmonic corrections brings the predicted superconducting characteristics into closer agreement with those derived from the harmonic model, thereby resolving the issue of imaginary frequencies. As a result, we demonstrate that the Allen-Dynes modified McMillan scheme predicts a critical temperature (Tc) of approximately 15 K. This can be enhanced to 41 K through the utilization of the anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg theory. Our findings reveal that the role of anharmonicity-arising from minor corrections in the acoustic regime contributed by the high atomic mass-in Al0.75Si0.25B2 theoretically leads to superconductivity, with Tc being consistent with values predicted within the harmonic approximation.

Children and adolescents aged 6 to 15 years are a vulnerable age group prone to injuries due to high curiosity and limited awareness or response to hazards. Data indicate that approximately 42.56% of middle school students experience injuries, ranging from minor to severe. The most common types of injuries include falls, sprains, puncture wounds, lacerations, fractures, bruises, foreign body intrusion, and traffic accidents. The most frequent injury sites are the lower limbs (67.9%), followed by the upper limbs (32.7%) and the head (11.9%). This community service program was designed to equip middle school students at Ekkapap International School, Krabi, Thailand, with essential first aid knowledge for everyday injuries. The theme was selected to provide basic health literacy through practical, interactive, and engaging approaches. The methods included wound illustration, hands-on activities such as wound cleaning, dressing with gauze, applying adhesive bandages, and simulation and role-play as first responders in emergencies. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the knowledge of 40 participating students. The average pre-test score was 61, which markedly increased to 93 in the post-test. Statistical analysis confirmed a highly significant difference between pre- and post-intervention scores. Visual and hands-on methods proved highly effective, even in a cross-cultural context, highlighting that empathy and the willingness to help are universal values.