Professional Assistance for Development Action

Male migration among agriculture-dependent households has emerged as an important livelihood strategy for coping with poverty, food insecurity, climate change, and several other risks and shocks in the Global South. Emerging research on the impacts of male migration on women’s agency, especially in agricultural production and decision-making, paints a one-size-fits-all picture. This paper, through a comparative, qualitative analysis of the implications of male out-migration on gender roles and responsibilities in agriculture across four different agroecologies in India – forested, mountainous, semi-arid, and coastal – highlights the heterogeneity in women’s experiences of male migration in the Indian context. While the nature of migration and the amount and regularity of remittances shape the increase or decline in women’s work and responsibilities, factors like age, caste, class, life stage, and context also play a significant role. We note that current scholarship has given too much importance to the narrative on remittance-driven livelihoods at the cost of multiple factors that shape women’s roles, experiences, and strategic choices in migrant-sending communities. What appears critical for transformative change is state policy that facilitates and enables collective action, central to overcoming the patriarchal constraints women encounter, especially as they shift from labouring to managerial roles in farming.

The farmer-producer organisation (FPO) is an umbrella term used to describe modes of farmer collectivisation in India, i.e. co-operatives and companies. While women cultivators play a central role in agriculture, their continued marginalisation is reflected in a lack of engagement in FPO activities and governance structures, with only 3% of existing FPOs being female-led ventures. This paper examines the nature of tensions around social inequities—and how such tensions might be addressed in the collective spaces offered by FPOs—using a gender lens, specifically in balancing conflicting pressures of economic performance versus inclusion and meeting specific members' needs. Using a participatory research approach, a conceptual framework is developed and applied in three FPOs operating at various stages of development. With a specific focus on gender equity and social inclusion, selected cases involved FPOs with > 75% female membership and scheduled caste/tribe participation. Qualitative data on societal needs, based on the expectations and experiences of FPO participants, are then analysed to better understand (1) what might promote FPO participation and (2) how equity and inclusion may be enabled from the ‘bottom-up’. This exploratory study informs the collective action debate with its new and intersectional approach to gender equity and inclusivity. Empirical observations and within-case analyses involving FPOs provide new insights into the functioning of these institutions and nuanced interactions involving their members. Findings suggest that informal micro-producer arrangements or vyavastha, in the FPO pre-registration phase, are well positioned to act as spatial agents for establishing ethical norms as FPOs collectivise and grow. In terms of promoting social objectives and evaluating FPOs operating in different stages, a set of guiding principles are proposed with follow-on implications for policy.

Modern food systems operate on a global scale, and many countries depend on imported food to feed their populations. The proportion of people eating according to their traditional dietary patterns is declining in most continents, with cheap ultra-processed foods becoming more easily available and infiltrating the food chains of even the hardest-to-reach corners of the world. At the same time, intensive farming methods, inequities in food distribution, and the high rate of food wastage raise concerns about the sustainability and environmental impact of food production at the scale required to feed the globe. International shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic and regional conflicts have a palpable effect on food production, storage and distribution and exacerbate many of these issues. For these reasons, food and nutrition insecurity is a major global concern.At the 8th Summit, this sub-theme generated discussion on many of these issues, particularly their implications for nutrition and health. In some cases, digital technologies are being used to protect and enhance traditional farming and dietary practices. In India, we heard about the use of participatory film-making and a digital voice response system as tools to empower local communities to record and share traditional dietary knowledge and practices. On a larger scale, the use of blockchain technology for increasing transparency and traceability in the food chain could become commonplace. Other key discussions centred on how digital technologies are being harnessed to shape future food systems and how such shifts will depend upon the evolution of agriculture and ecology, human culture, education and communication, and the technologies that underpin and span these domains.One of the NNEdPro’s flagship food-based projects is the Mobile Teaching Kitchen (MTK) initiative. First established in Indian slum communities, the MTK uses a microenterprise model to train local women to prepare nutritious traditional foods and, in turn, train others to do the same, thus providing education, employment and an income alongside potential health benefits. The 8th Summit included updates on the progress of this project. The MTK model is being replicated in Mexico and the USA, and strategies to utilise digital technology to magnify the impact of the model were explored. Other food-based initiatives such as ‘kid’s kitchens’, ‘digital kitchens’, and digital apps to assist individuals and families in choosing healthy food options were all initiatives that garnered further discussion.

Kegiatan pertandingan dalam kompetisi olahraga yang besar memerlukan sebuah pengelolaan manajemen yang baik. Manajemen yang baik akan mendukung proses berjalnnya sebuah acara yang akan diselenggarakan oleh KONI Provinsi Jawa Timur. Sebagai badan komite olahraga yang menaungi seluruh cabang olahraga di tingkan provinsi jawa timur yang akan melaksanakan beberapa event untuk menyaring atlit-atlit daerah yang akan bertanding dalam level Nasional dan Internasional. Beberapa pertandingan yang sudah tersusun dan terjadwal selama satu tahun secara berurutan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan atlit daerah yang berkualitas. Pandemic Covid-19 membeuat beberapa jadwal pertandingan harus bergeser dan dibatalkan karena kondisi yang tidak memungkinkan. Keadaan yang tidak menentu membuat revolusi manajemen untuk membuat planning yang tepat dalam merubah dan menentukan jadwal pertandingan keolahragaan agar tidak terjadi kerugian yang besar ketika sebuah pertandingan diundur atau di batalkan. . Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian menghasilkan beberapa tema yaitu Planning bagus akan meminimalisr terjadinya resiko, organizing pembagian tugas untuk mempercepat pekerjaan, actuality penerapan yang paraktis terhadap event olahraga, dan Kontrol untuk meningkatkan kualitas. Perencanaan dan implementasi yang matang dapat memudahkan dalam meneglola manajemen event pertandingan olahraga di masa Pandemic.

Дослідження інновацій та перспективи розвитку науки і техніки у XXI столітті : матеріали Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції, 10 листопада 2022 р., м. Рівне. – Львів – Торунь : Liha-Pres, 2022. – 328 с.

Different countries in South Asia are witnessing a growing imbalance between energy demand and its supply from indigenous sources. Fostering cross-border electricity trade (CBET) is one of the key solutions to meet this challenge. At present most of the CBET is being carried out at a bilateral level. However, going forward, with the creation of newer and enhanced cross-border power trading opportunities, and trade of power on a trilateral/multilateral basis, the complexities towards coordinating the power systems of different countries may increase. Under such conditions, a regional technical institutional mechanism can play a very important role towards harmonization of system operation practices and integrated operation of power systems across the borders, in a secure and economical manner. The South Asia Regional Initiative for Energy Integration (SARI/EI), a long standing program of USAID, has been advocating the need for such cooperation in the system operation and long-term sustainability of CBET in the region. In this paper, a critical review has been made to analyze the different regional institutions and power pools in the different parts of the world, as well as regional multilateral forums in South Asia, such as SAARC, BIMSTEC, and SAFIR. Based on the learning from these, recommendations towards the formation of such an institution in South Asia have been provided. In the conclusion, the action plan towards achieving this goal and the specific gains from such activities have also been deliberated, including the optimization in power system operation and economics.

The paper aims at revealing the significance and impact of “Innovative Strategies in Rural Marketing used by HUL to Reach Rural Consumer in outer Delhi Villages to promote Lifebuoy Soap." It also draws attention on the challenges and opportunities of innovative communication in rural outer Delhi villages. Consumer markets within the developing world are a huge however still untapped chance for corporations seeking new sources of growth. Inside that cluster is a lot of unnoticed opportunity: the rural consumer. There's a good chance for the marketers within the rural areas. Two-thirds of countries consumers live in rural area. Naturally the rural markets are a crucial part of the whole market. Going rural is the new selling mantra. In recent years, rural markets have non-heritable significance, because the overall growth of the economy has resulted into substantial increase within the buying power of the rural/rural community. On account of Rural revolution; the rural areas are consuming a large quantity of fmcg and urban manufactured products. In this context, a special marketing strategy, namely, rural marketing has emerged. Globalization, decentralization, migration trends and the emergence of new product and service markets pose new challenges and opportunities to rural areas.

If a tsunami comes there are several impacts i.e the most material loss and fatalities especially in the coastal area of densely populated such as Padang, West Sumatra. The research about the modeling of tsunami damage and effect is needed as the government references in the policy-making about the city layout. In this modeling, the tsunami has the sea level as much as 11 meters in the shoreline. Then we will calculate the decreasing water level which is blocked by the areas used. To know the land effected is used Cost-distance analysis. The indicator of area damage calculated in the agriculture sectors are the rice fields, farms, and fields. The modeling results showed that the rice fields have impact as wide as 2. 090,36 ha or 38% from the total area of rice fields, while the fields have impact as wide as 663,86 ha or 23,10% from the fields total area and the farms have impact as wide as 829,73 ha or 8,15% from the total area.