Project Concern International

Dieses Kapitel erläutert, was die Zwillingstransformation, welche Nachhaltigkeit und Digitalisierung miteinander verbindet, bedeutet. Vor diesem Hintergrund erfolgt eine Einführung in die Ethik der Künstlichen Intelligenz,Ethikder KI die die grundlegenden ethischen Prinzipien, die mit der Entwicklung und Anwendung von KI-Technologien verbunden sind, untersucht und kritisch bewertet. Dem folgt ein Abschnitt über RegulatorikRegulatorik vor allem auf europäischer Ebene, gefolgt von einer Betrachtung der Rolle Verhaltenskodexfreiwilliger Verhaltenskodizes, die als Schlüssel zur ethischen Positionierung von Unternehmen dienen. Diese Kodizes werden auf der Mesoebene eingeführt und bieten Unternehmen eine Möglichkeit, über die gesetzlichen Anforderungen (Makroebene) hinaus Verantwortung zu übernehmen und Vertrauen aufzubauen. Abschließend wird auf der Mikroebene die Bedeutung individueller digitaler Primärtugenden untersucht, die notwendig sind, um die ethische Nutzung von Technologie sicherzustellen und eine nachhaltige digitale Transformation zu fördern. Nutzungethische von TechnologieTransformationnachhaltige digitale

In 2005, India launched the Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) program, which has augmented access to medical services and health education in marginalized rural communities. Despite notable progress in health delivery, uptake of medical services remains below target levels. The current research asked ASHAs and their clients why people reject medical advice and what the ASHAs could do to convince them otherwise. Our results identify a consistent mismatch between reasons to reject advice versus how to persuade clients to follow the advice. Two reasons were primarily cited for rejecting the uptake of medical services: insufficient or inaccurate understanding of the medical benefits of these services and the dynamics of the social situation, such as pressure from family members. In contrast, the predominant solutions addressed these knowledge gaps; ASHAs and their clients felt that highlighting the health advantages would be the most effective persuasion technique. ASHAs and their clients infrequently mentioned strategies addressing societal dynamics and norms. This mismatch between barriers to uptake and solutions suggests that the ASHA program inadvertently operates with a “deficit model” of decision-making and persuasion. The deficit model is the belief that the way to convince people to comply with health recommendations is to address their knowledge deficit by educating them on the medical benefits. The current research suggests that ASHAs should be trained in the science of belief revision and behavior change, which requires directly addressing the concerns and motivations of others, not just providing information.

Dietary diversity among children is a crucial factor influencing their nutritional status; therefore, this paper uses data from four rounds of the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) to examine the minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months. Multilevel binary regression is used to evaluate the variation in minimum dietary diversity at the cluster and province levels. The results show that nearly half of Cambodian children consistently lacked access to vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables. Although the prevalence of inadequate minimum dietary diversity (MDD) among children significantly dropped from 76% in 2005 to 51% in 2021–2022, it is still high and needs attention. A decomposition analysis (Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition) was further used to understand the drivers of this temporal change in dietary diversity. The empirical results show that clusters represented the most significant source of geographic variation with respect to all eight food groups and MDD. Nutritional policy should improve education and awareness, reduce socio-economic disparities, leverage media, and promote full antenatal care to improve dietary diversity in Cambodia. Initiatives targeting the enhancement of insufficient minimum dietary diversity intake should encompass individual aspects and be customized to suit geographic and community settings.

O presente texto é constituído por um exercício reflexivo que tem o intuito de abordar, a partir dos conceitos de luto, reconhecimento e vulnerabilidade de Judith Butler, os efeitos da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Nesse ensaio, as obras e trechos de entrevistas da filósofa estadunidense sobre o drama da pandemia são mobilizados para problematizar o tratamento, por parte dos aparelhos de poder estatal e da mídia, das vidas apreendidas como merecedoras de serem protegidas, choradas e enlutadas. E ainda, casos simbólicos de resistência à sujeição por parte de brasileiros são retratados com a finalidade de elaborar um esboço de proposta conceitual sobre os processos de subjetivação mediados pelo chamado interpelativo a partir das observações teóricas de Butler.

Background The objective of this study was to assess the impact of self-help groups (SHGs) and subsequent scale-up on reproductive, maternal, newborn, child health, and nutrition (RMNCHN) and sanitation outcomes among marginalised women in Bihar, India from 2014-2017. Methods We examined RMNCHN and sanitation behaviors in women who were members of any SHGs compared to non-members, without differentiating between types of SHGs. We analysed annual surveys across 38 districts of Bihar covering 62 690 women who had a live birth in the past 12 months. All analyses utilised data from Community-based Household Surveys (CHS) rounds 6-9 collected in 2014-2017 by CARE India as part of the Bihar Technical Support Program funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. We examined 66 RMNCHN and sanitation indicators using survey logistic regression; the comparison group in all cases was age-comparable women from the geographic contexts of the SHG members but who did not belong to SHGs. We also examined links between discussion topics in SHGs and changes in relevant behaviours, and stratification of effects by parity and mother's age. Results SHG members had higher odds compared to non-SHG members for 60% of antenatal care indicators, 22% of delivery indicators, 70% of postnatal care indicators, 50% of nutrition indicators, 100% of family planning and sanitation indicators and no immunisation indicators measured. According to delivery platform, most FLW performance indicators (80%) had increased odds, followed by maternal behaviours (57%) and facility care and outreach service delivery (22%) compared to non-SHG members. Self-report of discussions within SHGs on specific topics was associated with increased related maternal behaviours. Younger SHG members (<25 years) had attenuated health indicators compared to older group members (≥25 years), and women with more children had more positive indicators compared to women with fewer children. Conclusions SHG membership was associated with improved RMNCHN and sanitation indicators at scale in Bihar, India. Further work is needed to understand the specific impacts of health layering upon SHGs. Working through SHGs is a promising vehicle for improving primary health care. Study registration ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02726230.

In Brief Recently, there's been a dramatic rise in artificial intelligence (AI) research in healthcare. This article explains the key concepts of AI and clinical decision support with examples of real-world applications in clinical and operational scenarios.

Objectives Few studies have been undertaken to determine whether and how project results are sustained. University of Notre Dame (ND) and Project Concern International conducted a Post-Project Sustainability Study (PSS) of a USAID-funded program (CHOICE), implemented in Indonesia, Banten province, between 2003 and 2007, in order to determine lasting effects and improve PSS methodologies. Methods Sustainability was measured through a comparison of data collected on mother-infant pairs in 2014 with final evaluation data from 2007; and through a comparison of 2014 data collected from the CHOICE villages and comparison villages. Results The analysis showed positive differences in multiple indicators in CHOICE villages between 2007 and 2014, including births attended by skilled personnel (Mean Difference 48.56, 95% CI 38.68 to 58.43) and treatment of diarrhea (MD 16.42, 95% CI - 0.94 to 33.37). However, only one statistically significant difference between intervention and comparison groups in 2014 was observed, infants with diarrhea whose mothers sought advice or treatment (MD - 5.48, 95% CI - 9.55 to 1.39), showing more mothers in intervention group sought advice or treatment. Because contextual factors were not studied in detailand baseline data was not available for the comparison villages, it is difficult to determine the reasons for the results. Given that longitudinal data was not collected, it is also difficult to determine whether results fluctuated between 2007 and 2014. Conclusions for practice This PSS contributes to the limited body of knowledge in sustainability research. Lessons learned from this study will increase potential for sustainable impact of projects, as more rigorous measurement will lead to greater overall understanding of how sustainability actually "happens".

Corporate Responsibility (CR) steht fur verantwortliches unternehmerisches Handeln in den operativen und strategischen Kernprozessen des Unternehmens, d. h. in der gesamten Wertschopfungskette. CR findet somit Eingang in betriebswirtschaftliche Kernprozesse wie F&E, Logistik, Marketing und Vertrieb, in die Entwicklung und Ausgestaltung von Produkten und Dienstleistungen sowie in den Umgang mit Stakeholdern wie Mitarbeitern, Kunden, Lieferanten und der Umwelt. Daruber hinaus umfasst CR auch Aktivitaten im Bereich Corporate Citizenship, d. h. Aktivitaten im gesellschaftlichen Umfeld des Unternehmens. Bei CR geht es um eine ganzheitliche Betrachtung der Auswirkungen der Geschaftstatigkeit eines Unternehmens auf die Gesellschaft.