Purdue Pharma (Canada)

ABSTRACT Introduction Low dietary diversity has been identified as a predictor of depression outcomes in high-income countries, while evidence is scarce from low-income settings where poor nutrition and depression often co-occur. In this study, we estimate the relationship between dietary diversity and depression among adults in rural western Kenya. Method We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 311 participants enrolled in the Bridging Income Generation through Group Integrated Care program. We assessed depressive symptoms using the 20-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies for Depression Scale (CES-D), and measured dietary diversity as the number of five food groups consumed in previous 24-hours using a validated dietary diversity scale. We used linear regression to estimate the association between high dietary diversity (consumption of all the five food groups) and continuous depression scores, adjusting for key covariates. We tested for effect measure modification by wealth status. We conducted a secondary analysis using quantile regression to explore variation across depression scores distributions. Results Higher dietary diversity was associated with fewer depressive symptoms [adjusted β (95% CI): -3.49 (-6.62, -0.38)]. The association was stronger among individuals with low wealth backgrounds [adjusted β (95% CI): -6.00 (-10.46, -1.42)] relative to those with high wealth backgrounds [adjusted β (95% CI): -0.53 (-4.76, 3.68); Wald p-value for interaction term =0.0003]. The effect sizes for the association were larger at higher quantiles, notably at 75th [adjusted β (95% CI): -4.00 (-10.13, 2.13)] and 90th [adjusted β (95% CI): -1.59 (-7.43, 4.25)] compared to those at lower quantiles for 10 th [adjusted β (95% CI): -0.59 (-2.46, 1.28) and 25 th [adjusted β (95% CI): -0.82 (-4.14, 2.50), though wide confidence intervals limited the precision of effect estimates. Conclusion In rural western Kenya, higher dietary diversity was associated with lower depression symptoms, particularly among participants from lower wealth backgrounds, and particularly among those with scores consistent with more severe depression symptoms. These findings suggest that improving dietary diversity may offer mental health benefit to the most socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals and could be a promising strategy to reduce depression in resource poor settings. Future work could leverage longitudinal and experimental studies for improved inference and should investigate mechanisms through which dietary diversity may influence depression.

Complete Basic Immunization (CBI) coverage is a crucial indicator in the effort to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases and reflects the performance of primary healthcare services. In 2024, Garut Regency recorded a CBI coverage rate of 78.29%, while Kadungora Public Health Center reported the lowest rate at 65.07%. This study aims to describe the CBI coverage at Kadungora Public Health Center during the year 2024. The research used a quantitative descriptive method with a secondary data analysis approach. The population and the sample consisted of 813 infants who received immunizations and were recorded at Kadungora PHC between January and December 2024. The results showed coverage for each type of immunization as follows: HB-0 (71,7%), BCG (90%), DPT-HB-Hib 1–3 (91%,92,3%,91,9%), OPV 1–4 (90.3%,91,5%,92,1%,91%), IPV 1–2 (81,4%,70,6%), MR (91,1), PCV I–II (81,1%,82,2%), and Rotavirus I–III (58.18%–69.13%). The lowest coverage was found in HB 0, Rotavirus and IPV immunizations. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve CBI coverage, particularly for vaccines with the lowest achievement rates, in order to meet the national immunization coverage targets more evenly.

Abstract Food systems exert significant stress on planetary boundaries1–3 while healthy diets are currently unaffordable for billions worldwide4. These challenges are expected to continue under global population trends, projected to reach 9.6 billion by mid-century5. Food systems must therefore transform in pursuit of health and sustainability goals6–8. However, the scale and distribution of this transformation on agriculture is underexplored. Here we show that, by 2050, an EAT-Lancet style food systems transformation results in a fundamental restructuring of global agriculture, aspects of which break with historical trends. Scenario simulations using a multi-model ensemble of 10 global economic models show a 6% median decrease in agricultural land of 274Mha (+1 to -26%, +48 to -1257Mha) compared to 2020 levels. By 2050, agricultural production would be 2 to 32% (-0.2x109 to -3.7x109 tonnes) lower than business-as-usual projections, and economically, the value of this production shows a 26% median relative decline of $1.6tn in USD2020 (+8% to -58%, +$0.5tn to -$2.9tn USD2020) Within this, the value of livestock production would fall substantially (-$1tn to -$2.2tn, -49% to -83%). These results reinforce the need for a more active role for food policy and stakeholder dialogue to catalyse such a transformation and navigate the political economic consequences of its impacts.

We provide an overview of various mechanisms, and corresponding powers, of precursor emission to compacts' mergers to be detected by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) collaboration. Expected peak powers, $\leq 10^{43}$ erg s$^{-1}$, are not sufficiently high to be detected by all-sky high-energy satellites (unless beamed). The best chance is the detection of possible coherent radio emission, producing observable signals up to $\sim$ Jansky of flux density. Low-frequency phased array telescopes like LOFAR, the MWA and DSA-2000 are best suited due to their large instantaneous sky coverage. Time-wise, in addition to LIGO early warning alerts up to a minute before the merger, the dispersive delay at lower frequencies of $\sim$ 300 MHz can be of the order of minutes. Optical detections are the most challenging.

Vasyl Stus (1938-1985) est l’un des plus grands poètes ukrainiens, mort au goulag. Écrite en déportation, sa poésie à la fois s’enracine dans l’histoire de son pays et résonne des voix européennes. Malgré son isolement dans le goulag de la Kolyma, Stus annonce la renaissance ukrainienne. Georges Nivat a publié à Kyiv (Kiev) un recueil bilingue de cinquante poèmes de Stus et achève la préparation d’un recueil important de sa poésie et de sa prose pour les éditions Fayard.

We reconsider the escape of high brightness coherent emission of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) from magnetars' magnetospheres, and conclude that there are numerous ways for the powerful FRB pulse to avoid nonlinear absorption. Sufficiently strong surface fields, $\geq 10\%$ of the quantum field, limit the waves' non-linearity to moderate values. For weaker fields, the electric field experienced by a particle is limited by a combined ponderomotive and parallel-adiabatic forward acceleration of charges by the incoming FRB pulse along the magnetic field lines newly opened during FRB/Coronal Mass Ejection (CME). As a result, particles surf the weaker front part of the pulse, experiencing low radiative losses, and are cleared from the magnetosphere for the bulk of the pulse to propagate. We also find: (i) for propagation across magnetic field, the O-mode suffers much smaller dissipation than the X-mode; (ii) quasi-parallel propagation suffers minimal dissipation; (iii) initial mildly relativistic radial plasma flow further reduces losses; (iv) for oblique propagation of a pulse with limited transverse size, the leading part of the pulse would ponderomotively sweep the plasma aside.

In listing potential conflicts of interest, I disclosed relationships with companies I judged were relevant or reasonably related to the views I expressed, as suggested by guidance from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.

This addendum summarizes the ceramic remains recovered by the Rough Cilicia Archaeological Survey Project at four posited amphora kiln sites in the survey area: the Syedra Kiln Site, the Biçkici Kiln site, the Antiochia ad Cragum Kiln Site, and the Delice Kiln Site. All four sites were identified early on during the survey (1995-1997). The survey team conducted grab collections and triaged dozens of sherds recovered by 1997, before returning the bulk of these fragments to the field. A representative sample of the amphora fragments together with context ceramics for each site was conserved at the Alanya Archaeological Museum. In 2003 the survey team conducted a magnetometric survey of the Biçkici and Suedyra kiln sites with minimal results. Due to the longevity of the survey (1996-2011) members of the survey team, particularly Rauh, Dillon, Autret, and Kızılarslanoğlu, conducted repeated visits to the sites and recovered additional diagnostic fragments as they surfaced. These visits occurred almost annually, with intensive inspections occurring in 2008 and 2011. In September 2021, Rauh inspected the remaining collections from the kiln sites stored in the Alanya Archareological Museum.

Perception of a target strongly deteriorates when flanking elements are presented (crowding). Classically, crowding is explained by pooling mechanisms where target and flanker features are combined, e.g., when neurons in higher visual areas with larger receptive fields pool information from neurons in lower visual areas with smaller receptive fields. Crowding is proposed to occur in the feedforward sweep of information processing. Here, we show that crowding occurs in a highly temporal fashion, requiring substantial processing time. We presented a vertical vernier for 20ms flanked by either 2 vertical lines (one on each side of the vernier) or 2 cuboids (the cuboids contained the lines). For lines and cuboids, strong crowding occurred. When we increased the stimulus duration, crowding remained strong for the 2 lines but gradually decreased for the cuboids reaching nearly unflanked performance from a duration of about 120ms on (uncrowding). These results show that, first, uncrowding cannot be explained by simple pooling models. Second, as we proposed previously, uncrowding occurs when the flankers make up a good Gestalt (cuboids) that segregate from the target vernier. Third, the computation of good Gestalts of the cuboids takes substantial time. What matters for uncrowding is not stimulus duration per se, but processing time. When we presented only the 2 cuboids alone for 20ms, then an ISI of 120ms, and then the cuboids plus the vernier, strong uncrowding occurred. Using the Laminart model, we show how processing evolves dynamically in a recurrent fashion.