Pushpawati Singhania Research Institute

During the last 20 years, the prevalence of colon cancer, among the most prevalent gastrointestinal cancers globally, has increased in the majority of nations. The current review compiled phytochemicals reported to manage colon cancer from 2015 to 2020. The article is taken from various sources of Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Elsevier, Research Gate, and PubChem Results: Colon cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and impacts both men and women. Because of the present dietary habits and lifestyle, which include eating a lot of meat, drinking alcohol, and not exercising enough, the death rate from colon cancer has increased globally. A robust gastrointestinal tract and the control of regular intestinal activity seem to be significantly influenced by dietary fiber. The prognosis for colon cancer is dismal, as it is frequently discovered at an advanced stage. Despite some evidence suggesting a diet low in fibre predisposes to colon carcinogenesis. The use of phytochemicals may help in the management of colon cancer. By altering many signalling pathways involved in the control of chronic inflammation, the cell cycle, autophagy, apoptotic metastasis, and angiogenesis, these natural compounds have been shown to have anticolon cancer properties. Compounds such as Ellagitannin, Ursolic acid, Garcinol, Oxymatrine, Emodin, Catalpol, Resveratrol, Zerumbone, Curcumin, Pyrogallol, α-Hederin, Juglone, Zingerone, Brosimone I, Organosilicon, Myricetin, Tenacissoside H, 6,8-Diprenylorobol, Plumbagin, Dioscin, and many more are listed with their mechanisms of action.

Diabetes is a condition linked to inadequate synthesis or operation of insulin, a peptide hormone produced by the β cells in the pancreatic islets. Subcutaneous administration remains the most popular mode of administration. With the SC route, non-compliance by patients is common. In an attempt to lower the barrier to oral insulin administration, a number of produced. The present review is to gather information from current researchers on oral insulin delivery in order to make it more bioavailable as an injection that is not painful and does not harm to skin as well. The content is taken from Scifinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, Springer Nature, Bentham Science, PLOS One, MEDLINE, and the NCBI database, etc. Results: Insulin delivery is a major concern nowadays. Due to various drawbacks of subcutaneous injection, academia and industrial researchers are working on oral insulin delivery. Numerous novel formulation of oral delivery of insulin is compiled, like nanoparticles, microspheres, liposomes, hydrogel, and niosomes, focused on the effectiveness of dose-dependent therapy that delivers oral insulin that is equivalent to subcutaneous insulin. In contrast to the conventional method, novel delivery approaches may improve oral insulin administration. The role of polymers plays an important role in the delivery of insulin through novel approaches. In this review, we summarize pathophysiology, types, and routes of oral insulin administration, and treatment methods related to oral delivery. Furthermore, we discuss all above mentioned delivery approaches in detail.

Diabetic glaucoma is a serious eye disorder that can lead to permanent vision loss and is increasingly seen in individuals with long-term diabetes. With its rising global incidence, there is a critical need for early and reliable methods of detection to prevent severe complications. This study highlights the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning technologies, in identifying diabetic glaucoma at an early stage. It also reviews progress in bionic eye technologies designed to help restore vision in affected individuals. Relevant scientific literature was reviewed by searching databases including PubMed, Taylor francis, ScienceDirect, MDPI, and Bentham. Articles published up to 2025 were considered, focusing on terms such as "diabetic glaucoma,""retinal imaging,""deep learning,""AI in eye care,""bionic eye,"and "neuroprosthetics."Studies were selected based on their relevance to diagnostic innovations and vision-restoration technologies. Recent developments in AI have enabled more accurate interpretation of retinal images, such as those from fundus cameras and optical coherence tomography (OCT), aiding in early detection of structural changes linked to glaucoma. At the same time, bionic eye systems-based on neuroprosthetic implants-are showing promise in partially restoring vision in cases of severe visual impairment. Combining AI-powered diagnostics with emerging bionic eye technologies represents a major shift in managing diabetic glaucoma. These innovations have the potential to improve early detection and offer new options for visual rehabilitation, paving the way for more effective patient care in ophthalmology.

Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (PNES) are a commonly encountered neurological entity, often misdiagnosed due to their resemblance to epileptic seizures. PNES episodes mimic epileptic seizures but stem from psychological factors, making accurate diagnosis essential for effective treatment. They are now included under the umbrella of Functional Neurological Disorders (FND). We report a case of PNES and review the medical literature with respect to the incidence and prevalence of this entity in the Indian population. Our case report highlights the complexities of PNES diagnosis- a disorder on the "border zone" between neurology, psychiatry, and psychology. A multidisciplinary approach involving neurologists, psychiatrists, and psychologists is crucial for effective PNES management in India, overcoming the stigma associated with this condition and improving patient outcomes.

Objective.Tubal pathology accounts for a third of infertility cases of which about 80 percent affects the ampulla and distal tube and 10 -25 percent the proximal tube.Infertile patients with tubal pathology have two options for treatment, in vitro fertilization or tubal reconstructive microsurgery.The present study aims to perform a literature review to give a comprehensive knowledge of the role of salpingoscopy/ falloposcopy in the assessment of tubal pathology in infertile couples and its impact on clinical practice. Materials and Methods.A review of various articles on the technique of salpingoscopy/ falloposcopy and its clinical use in infertile patients was undertaken by searching databases like Pubmed, Scopus, Medline, Cochrane database, Embase, Web of science, Science direct, etc.The studies describing the methods and clinical scope of salpingoscopy and falloposcopy were included in the present study.Results.The method of salpingoscopy/ falloposcopy and its role in the management of infertile patients has been studied in various aspects.The technique, the assessment and classification of tubal pathology, and the clinical impact on the management of the infertile couple has been reported as per actual literature data.Conclusions.Salpingoscopy and falloposcopy are two important methods to assess the tubal mucosal surface.The conventional methods of examining the tubes by laparoscopy and HSG are inadequate for the study of tubal pathology.An endoscopic examination of the fallopian tubes along with HSG and laparoscopic evaluation of the pelvis will give complete information about the fallopian tubes.

Background: The mitigation of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a vital undertaking in safeguarding patient well-being. The research aimed to evaluate the impact of a multidisciplinary, comprehensive monitoring approach on VAP incidence in a tertiary medical-surgical-trauma critical care unit. Methodology: The research was conducted within an adult medical-surgical ICU from June 2021 to December 2022. VAP data were collected by prospective targeted surveillance in accordance with the guidelines provided by the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In contrast, a cross-sectional design was used to gather bundle data, according to the defined methodology of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), and the rate of variation in admission prior to the bundle's installation was evaluated. Result: The features of ventilated patients in adult medical-surgical ICUs were studied between 2021 and 2022. Regarding demographics, men comprised 42.6% and 45.3% of VAP patients and 65.3% and 50.7% of bundle care patients, respectively. Notably, 33.1% of patients in VAP and 54.5% in bundle care were over 60 years old. Clinical indicators such as median age (12.6 vs. 8 months for non-VAP vs. VAP patients), antibiotic usage (65% vs. 99% for non-VAP vs. VAP patients), and risk factors like trauma diagnosis (HR: 2.59, 95% CI: 2.07-3.23), and accidental extubation (HR: 4.11, 95% CI: 1.93-8.73) differed significantly between the bundle and non-bundle care groups. A significant increase in bundle compliance was seen from 90% in 2021 to 97% in 2022 (P-value <0.001), which helped to lower VAP rates and highlight the need for ongoing quality improvement in ICU treatment. The use of ventilator bundles at a tertiary care hospital resulted in improvements in ventilator utilization, with an approximate increase of 20% and VAP rates of over 70% for adult critical patients.

A survey-based approach to managing antibiotic-resistant infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting, with a focus on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) cases, was conducted. Among CRE, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) is a carbapenemase that is resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and has a broader spectrum of antimicrobial resistance than other carbapenemase types. The article explains that healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and that carbapenem in combination with other antibiotics are the most potent class of antimicrobial agents effective in treating life-threatening bacterial infections, including those caused by resistant strains. The survey aimed to gather critical care healthcare professionals (HCPs') opinions on their current practices in managing infections acquired in the hospital and ICU settings, with a focus on CRE cases, specifically NDM-1 and other antibiotic-resistant infections. Responses from critical care healthcare professionals, including online surveys and in-person interviews, to gain insights into the management of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. The findings related to the insights on the prevalence of bacterial flora, clinical experiences on efficacy and safety of meropenem sulbactam ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (MSE) in CRE cases, and various combination therapies of antibiotics used to treat antibiotic-resistant infections in ICU setting were evaluated. Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria were the most common bacteria in cultures, followed by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. NDM-1 was the type of carbapenemase found in around 50% of CRE patients. MSE is among the most preferred antibiotics besides colistin, polymyxin B, and ceftazidime avibactum for CRE cases and specifically for NDM-1 cases due to its high rate of efficacy and safety. The article concludes with a discussion on the antibiotics used in response to CRE cases, reporting that critical care HCP considers MSE with high efficacy and safe antibiotic combination and was used as both monotherapy and in combination with other antibiotics. The survey highlights the need for exploring and better understanding the role of MSE in the management of CRE infections, especially in NDM-1.