Pyatigorsk State Scientific Research Institute of Balneology

The development of intelligent information technology for assessing critical changes in the state of an object is intended to implement services that allow implementing mechanisms for calculating maximum permissible changes in temperature conditions that do not lead to significant deviations in the characteristics of an object. The currently observed climate conditions require re-evaluation of a number of models representing various subject areas. The degree of deviation in the characteristics of an object can be so significant that it will require the inclusion of emergency modes. Accordingly, it seems reasonable to assess the time horizon of the onset of such changes, which will allow avoiding undesirable consequences of climate change in the future.

To achieve the goals of balanced development of the agricultural sector to ensure food security, there is a need to improve management processes in the sphere of agricultural land use. The aim of the article is to provide a rationale for the ecological-economic management of land resources based on agricultural zoning to improve the efficiency of agricultural enterprises. Research gaps include the need for detailed studies on localized ecological impacts and long-term outcomes of AZ-based land redistribution on soil health and agricultural productivity. Based on the analysis of documents (sources) and an expert survey, this study proposes a framework for ecological-economic management of agricultural land resources in Kazakhstan through agricultural zoning (AZ), aiming to optimize the allocation of grasslands, pastures, arable land, and water resources. Based on document analysis and expert surveys, an optimal land ratio of approximately 30% meadows/pastures, 20% arable land, and 20% water is recommended, aligned with practices in Western Europe and North America. The study suggests measures for sustainable land use, including transferring degraded lands to pasture, preferential taxation for ecologically clean production, and financial incentives for restoring and conserving land. These strategies aim to increase agricultural productivity, meet international quality standards, and support sustainable food security through enhanced land use planning and policy. Scientific novelty of the obtained results relates to the improvement of ecological-economic management of land resources at agricultural enterprises in the conditions of zoning, considering the potential of the agricultural zones of Kazakhstan.

The purpose of the work is to follow the dynamics of changes in fluorescent signals in the near-surface layers of tissue of injured areas of the back of laboratory animals, which will allow, by indirect evidence, to evaluate the information content of fluorescence diagnosis for subsequent possible diagnostic monitoring of photodynamic therapy of the spinal cord. The model animals were Wistar rats. Two types of contusions were modeled: pneumo-contusion and contusion by a falling load. Methylene blue and indocyanine green were used as photosensitizers. Fluorescence measurements were carried out by imaging and spectrometric methods. A stroboscopic fluorescence imager with an excitation wavelength of 630 nm was used to acquire fluorescence images. The LESA-01-BIOSPEC spectrometer with a He-Ne laser excitation allowed to obtain spectra. It was shown that both methods make it possible to estimate the fluorescence value of methylene blue and indocyanine green in the tissues under study. Moreover, the photographic method also allows to obtain the spatial distribution of fluorescence. The general trend found in the data is a more intense and uniform fluorescence of the dorsal region of rats with methylene blue and a less intense, but more contrasting distribution of indocyanine green. The presented methods are non-invasive, which makes them attractive for diagnostic use. However, due to the shallow depth of signal reception, the condition of the spine can be determined only indirectly, by the condition of the near-surface layers of tissue that accumulate the photosensitizer.

The authors touch upon the development of relations between German and Russian peoples in the process of economic and trade relations emergence between Germany and Russia in the period of the XVI–XVII centuries; describe the generalized experience of adaptation of German settlers in a completely new social environment for them and note the fact of increasing Russian authority in Europe, the origins of which were the search for the foundations of mutual understanding and trust, as well as a fairly long period of rapprochement between Russia and Germany. After the Livonian War, a negative stereotype about Russia developed in the national consciousness of the German population, which served as an impulse for migration sentiments, coupled with a desire to see everything for themselves, considering it a backward country with a slavish population. The authors also consider measures to organize the resettlement of German peasants and attempt to identify problematic issues of the arrangement of their future. In relation to foreigners in medieval Russia, there were numerous restrictions due to the internal political state of the country. In Peter the Great years, with the establishment of business contacts with Germany. But despite the multiple attempts to improve the lives of German society representatives, especially those who arrived in Russia as the first batches of immigrants, they could not adapt to local conditions and returned to their homeland. Some, hoping for the best, remained and were taken out to the citizenship of the Russian emperors.

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The influence of course intake of the natural mineral water of the Pyatigorsk source, modified by selenium nanoparticles at a dosage of 40 μg/kg, on the level of thyroid hormones, insulin, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone, including depending on the method of drinking animals (free drinking and intragastric) was studied in rats. The histological structure of the thyroid gland during drinking with mineral water corresponded to that of healthy control animals, but in the group that received water intragastrically through the probe, the function of thyrocytes and levels of triiodothyronine and dehydroepiandrosterone in the blood were reduced. The courses of the mineral water modified by selenium nanoparticles, according to the data of multiple linear regression, contributed to the activation of the thyroid system.

The topical problems in balneotherapeutics and health resort activities in general are the development of the yellow clay-based preparations enriched in the natural mineral bischofite and the investigation of their therapeutic effects with the purpose of improvement of their curative potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the course of the experimental therapeutic applications of the yellow clay obtained by the open pit mining of its deposits located in the vicinity of Pyatigorsk and modified by the addition of bischofite. The experiments were carried out with the use of 57 eugamic Wistar male rats with adjuvant arthritis. The yellow clay supplemented with bischofite in various concentrations was applied in 12 procedures each 15 minutes in duration every other or every two days beginning from the 38th day of experimentally-induced arthritis. The animals were allocated to five groups as follows: group 1 included the healthy animals that served as controls (n=5), groups 2-5 were comprised of the animals with adjuvant arthritis. The animals included in group 2 served as the experimental model of adjuvant arthritis (n=8), those comprising group 3 were treated by the applications of yellow clay without additives (n=14), group 4 was composed of the animals with adjuvant arthritis treated by the applications of yellow clay containing 10% of bischofite (n=15), the animals in group 5 having adjuvant arthritis were treated by the applications of yellow clay containing 20% of bischofite (n=15). The study has demonstrated the reduction of the reactively enhanced relative abundance of, activated T-cells, and B-lymphocytes down to the respective control values in the animals with adjuvant arthritis after the course of applications of the yellow clay preparations. Simultaneously, normalization of the immunoregulatory index, IRI, (the T-helpers to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes ratio) was documented. The treatment was associated with the strong dependence of the interleukin (IL-1β) contents on the cortisol level and the well apparent relationship between the levels of interleukins and IRI. Specifically, the relation between IL-1β and IRI following the application of non-modified yellow clay was characterized as (r=+0.8, p=0.03) in comparison with the relation between IL 6 and IRI (r=+0.8, p=0.03) after the treatment with yellow clay containing 10% of bischofite or between IL 6 and IRI (r=+0.8, p=0.004) after the application of yellow clay containing 20% of bischofite. The results of the study give evidence of the immunomodulatory action of yellow clay modified by the addition of bischofite. They suggest the promising opportunities for the application of these preparations for the management and rehabilitation of the patients presenting with the diseases of the musculoskeletal system in the future.

The objective of the present study was to estimate the effectiveness of the new therapeutic modalities for the spa and health resort-based treatment of metabolic syndrome based on the results of the long-term follow-up observations. A total of 100 patients presenting with metabolic syndrome were recruited for the participation in the study. All of them underwent a shortened course of mineral water intake in the combination with the use of the herbal medicinal products. The results of the study give evidence of the more favorable changes in the clinical and instrumental characteristics of the patients with metabolic syndrome treated with the use of the proposed approach in comparison the patients treated by the conventional methods. Moreover, the beneficial effects of the proposed approach persisted during a longer period. The basal treatment given to our patients was supplemented by dietary therapy, therapeutic physical exercise, narzan baths, intake of mineral water having a temperature of 35-37 °С in conjunction with sulphate mineral water (narzan) cooled to 13-15 °С, and a phytococktail. The results of the long-term observations confirmed the enhanced effectiveness of the spa and health resort-based treatment of metabolic syndrome including the therapeutic courses with the intake of cooled narzan mineral water in the combination with phytococktails. This therapeutic modality increased the duration of the favorable changes of various parameters that characterize metabolic syndrome. Specifically, they persisted during 5-6 months after the application of the standard methods, were still apparent within 6-7 months after the two-week course of the treatment with cold narzan and phytococktails, and during 8-9 months when the duration of the treatment course was extended up to 3 weeks.

Computer simulations of carbon dioxide leaching of Aptian–Albian sandstone at the Nagutskoe groundwater field, Caucasian Mineral Waters, are compared with laboratory experimental data obtained using a high-pressure autoclave under parameters close to conditions under which mineral waters are formed at the Nagutskoe and Essentuki fields (temperatures 20–25 and 65–70°C, carbon dioxide pressure up to 4.04 MPa). The solvents were distilled water and naturally occurring groundwaters from the Caucasian Mineral Waters (CMW) area, individual experimental runs lasted for 2 h, the starting material (rock) was crushed to 0.25 mm, and the gas phase was carbon dioxide. In most of the experiments, the solid: liquid phase (R/W) ratio was 1: 5 and was varied from 1: 10 to 1: 100 in other experiments. Our simulation results indicate that multiple-cycle (10 cycles) leaching leads to an increase in mineralization from 1.3 g/L to 4 g/L and transformation of the geochemical type of the waters from the hydrocarbonate calcic–sodic one (leaching cycle 1) to chloride–hydrocarbonate sodic (cycles 5 and later). The mineralization increased mostly because the and Na+ ions are transferred into solution at an insignificant increase in the Cl concentration and a practically unchanging concentrations of the sulfate, calcium, and magnesium ions. With regard for the averaged mineralogical composition of the sandstone (quartz, feldspars, mica, glauconite, magnetite, ilmenite, garnet, rutile, zircon, and tourmaline) used in our thermodynamic simulations, we arrived at the conclusion that the chemical compositions of the waters, including their minor-element compositions, are controlled by (i) the composition of the cement (clay, calcareous, siliceous, limonitic, chloritic, zeolitic, phosphate, sulfate, or mixed) of the rocks, (ii) weight percentages of minerals containing certain elements, and (iii) temperature, at a given composition of the gas phase of the simulated system (silty sandstone–rainwater–CO2 gas phase).