Pyrogenesis (Canada)

Chapter Contents: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Research context 8.2.1 Digital services and technologies for outbreak tracing 8.2.2 Use of mobile applications for safe reopening 8.2.3 Use of wearables with digital health services 8.2.4 Contact tracing tools and services 8.2.5 Use of AI and big data in digital health services 8.3 Research questions 8.4 Research design 8.4.1 Database and keywords 8.4.2 Criteria for inclusion and exclusion 8.4.3 Limitations 8.4.4 Screening results 8.5 Findings 8.5.1 Actions taken by different countries to implement lockdown 8.5.2 Impacts of such actions on the health of the elderly and how much they are affected 8.5.3 Digital health and other approaches to strict lockdown and their effectiveness 8.6 Discussion 8.7 Conclusion References

A leptospirose é uma doença infecciosa causada por bactérias do gênero Leptospira spp, com ampla distribuição geográfica e evidenciada em países de clima tropical e subtropical. Essa enfermidade pode levar a consideráveis perdas econômicas no rebanho leiteiro, pois o animal apresenta aborto e queda na produção. Os aspectos da epidemiologia da leptospirose em bovinos merecem mais atenção por ser uma doença crônica, caracterizada principalmente por problemas reprodutivos, pode ocasionar infertilidade, provocando retenção de placenta,nascimentos prematuro e até morte. Objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar a ocorrência de leptospirose e os sorovares mais frequentes, em um rebanho bovino leiteiro com histórico de aborto. Os animais avaliados eram provenientes da fazenda escolado Centro Universitário de Patos de Minas-MG e não eram vacinados contra leptospirose. Foram colhidas amostras de sorosanguineo de 30 vacas da raça Holandesa por meio de punção da veia coccígea caudal. O diagnóstico foi realizado por meio da técnica de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM), utilizando-se uma coleção de 14 antígenos vivos de Leptospira spp, sorovares: Autumnalis, Australis, Bratislava, Canicola, Copenhageni, Djasiman, Grippothyphosa, Hardjo, Hebdomadis, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Tarassovi e Wolffi. Foram consideradas reagentes as amostras de soro sanguíneo que aglutinaram pelo menos 50% das leptospiras na diluição de 1:100. Em seguida as amostras reagentes foram tituladas até 6400, diluídas na proporção geométrica de razão dois. Foi considerada como título final a maior diluição que apresentou pelo menos 50% de leptospiras aglutinadas no campo microscópico. Dos 30 bovinos avaliados, 3 (10%) foram positivos, os sorovares reagentes foram Hebdomadis, Hardjo, Wolffi, sendo Hebdomadis o de maior ocorrência, com títulos variando de 400 a 1600. Diante dos resultados nota-se a necessidade da utilização de uma vacina contendo as sorovariedades mais prevalentes no rebanho, associada à intensificação de práticas de manejo sanitário, com o intuito de minimizar os impactos zoonóticos e infecciosos no rebanho. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Leptospira spp. SOROAGLUTINAÇÃO MICROSCÓPICA. SOROVARES AGRADECIMENTOS: Ao Centro Universitário de Patos de Minas (UNIPAM) pelo auxílio financeiro na execução dessa pesquisa. ÀREA TEMÁTICA: Doenças Infecciosas

Recently, patient mutations that activate PI3K signaling have been linked to a primary antibody deficiency. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing and characterized the molecular defects in 4 patients from 3 unrelated families diagnosed with hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infections. We identified 2 different heterozygous splice site mutations that affect the same splice site in PIK3R1, which encodes the p85α subunit of PI3K. The resulting deletion of exon 10 produced a shortened p85α protein that lacks part of the PI3K p110-binding domain. The hypothetical loss of p85α-mediated inhibition of p110 activity was supported by elevated phosphorylation of the known downstream signaling kinase AKT in patient T cell blasts. Analysis of patient blood revealed that naive T and memory B cell counts were low, and T cell blasts displayed enhanced activation-induced cell death, which was corrected by addition of the PI3Kδ inhibitor IC87114. Furthermore, B lymphocytes proliferated weakly in response to activation via the B cell receptor and TLR9, indicating a B cell defect. The phenotype exhibited by patients carrying the PIK3R1 splice site mutation is similar to that of patients carrying gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CD. Our results suggest that PI3K activity is tightly regulated in T and B lymphocytes and that various defects in the PI3K-triggered pathway can cause primary immunodeficiencies.

In this chapter and the next we describe one particular incarnation of the above ideas on semantic CSDLNs in more depth: the integration of CogPrime with the DeSTIN architecture reviewed in Chap. 5 of Part 1.

Having discussed declarative, attentional, intentional and procedural knowledge, we are left only with sensorimotor and episodic knowledge to complete our treatment of the basic CogPrime “cognitive cycle” via which a CogPrime system can interact with an environment and seek to achieve its goals therein.

One of the hallmarks of general intelligence is its capability to deal with novelty in its environment and/or goal-set. And dealing with novelty intrinsically requires creating novelty. It’s impossible to efficiently handle new situations without creating new ideas appropriately. Thus, in any environment complex and dynamic enough to support human-like general intelligence (or any other kind of highly powerful general intelligence), the creation of novel ideas will be paramount. New idea creation takes place in OpenCog via a variety of methods—e.g. inside MOSES which creates new program trees, PLN which creates new logical relationships, ECAN which creates new associative relationships, etc. But there is also a role for explicit, purposeful creation of new Atoms representing new concepts, outside the scope of these other learning mechanisms.

Abstract Language evolved for dialogue—not for reading, writing or speechifying. So it’s natural that dialogue is broadly considered a critical aspect of humanlike AGI—even to the extent that (for better or for worse) the conversational “Turing Test” is the standard test of human-level AGI.KeywordsIntelligent AgentDialogue SystemCognitive EngineConversation PartnerGame CharacterThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Abstract Procedural knowledge must be learned, an often subtle and difficult process—but it must also be enacted. Procedure enaction is not as tricky a topic as procedure learning, but still is far from trivial, and involves the real-time interaction of procedures, during the course of execution, with other knowledge. In this brief chapter we explain how this process may be most naturally and flexibly carried out, in the context of CogPrime’s representation of procedures as programs (“Combo trees”).KeywordsProcess Evaluation ProceduresCombo TreeCogPrime SystemTruth Value EvaluationOpenCogThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Spatiotemporal reasoning is an important skill that an AGI is expected to have, innately or not. Much work has already been done in defining reasoning systems for space, time and spacetime, such as the Region Connection Calculus for space, Allen's Interval Algebra for time, or the Qualitative Trajectory Calculus for motion. However, these reasoning systems rarely take adequate account of uncertainty, which poses an obstacle to using them in an AGI system confronted with an uncertain reality. In this paper we show how to use PLN (Probabilistic Logic Networks) to represent spatiotemporal knowledge and reasoning, via incorporating existing spatiotemporal calculi, and considering a novel extension of standard PLN truth values inspired by $$\mathcal {P}(\mathcal {Z})$$ -logic. This "PLN-ization" of existing spatiotemporal calculi, we suggest, constitutes an approach to spatiotemporal inference suitable for use in AGI systems that incorporate logic-based components.

BackgroundInsufficient knowledge of food allergy and anaphylaxis has been identified by caregivers as an important barrier to coping, and a potential cause of fear and anxiety, particularly for those with children newly diagnosed with food allergy.The purpose of the study was to better understand the experiences of caregivers of children with a first allergic reaction to food, and to identify any deficiencies in the information received at diagnosis.MethodsA mixed-methods study consisting of an online survey administered to the Anaphylaxis Canada online registry (a patient support group database of approximately 10,000 members), and a follow-up qualitative interview with a subset of survey participants. Analysis consisted of frequency analysis (quantitative and qualitative data) and descriptive statistics to calculate proportions and means with standard deviations. Qualitative analyses were guided by the constant comparative method of grounded theory methodology.ResultsOf 293 survey respondents, 208 were eligible to complete the survey (first allergic reaction to food within 12 months of the study), and 184 respondents consented. Identified gaps included education about food allergy, anaphylaxis management, for example, how to use epinephrine auto- injectors, and coping strategies for fear and anxiety. The qualitative follow-up study supported these findings, yielding 3 major themes: 1) lack of provision of information following the episode on the recognition and management of food allergy related allergic reactions, 2) prolonged wait times for an allergist, and 3) significant family anxiety.ConclusionsThe online survey highlighted multiple deficiencies at diagnosis, findings which were supported by the follow up qualitative study. Results will inform the development of educational strategies for patients newly diagnosed with food allergy.