Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention

ABSTRACTChronic stress is a significant risk factor for postoperative restenosis and other cardiovascular diseases, as it can promote the intimal thickening of damaged vessels. Liraglutide is used primarily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Recently, the protective effects of liraglutide on the cardiovascular system have garnered widespread attention; however, its specific mechanism of action remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of liraglutide on chronic stress‐induced thickening of the damaged vascular intima and to elucidate the underlying mechanism involved. A dual in vivo model of chronic stress and carotid intima injury was adopted to investigate the effects of chronic stress on vascular morphology, blood biochemistry, and the expression of autophagy and apoptosis‐related proteins in the carotid arteries and liver tissues of mice with vascular injury. We examined the effects of liraglutide on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro. The results revealed that chronic stress increased neointimal formation and upregulated the expression of autophagy‐related factors in the injured carotid artery and liver tissues of mice subjected to carotid artery ligation. Liraglutide significantly reversed these changes and suppressed the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of VSMCs. In summary, chronic stress exacerbates intimal thickening in injured arteries and accelerates the onset of postoperative restenosis. Liraglutide decreased the incidence of postoperative restenosis, potentially by inhibiting the p38MAPK/mTOR signaling pathway, enhancing autophagy, and reducing the abnormal proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of VSMCs.

ABSTRACT The Chinese National Adverse Events Following Immunization Information System (CNAEFIS) is the national-level passive vaccine safety surveillance system. This study aims to identify post-marketing vaccine adverse reaction signals in Chongqing through systematic analysis of 15-year AEFI data, verify the safety profile of locally recommended vaccines, and provide localized evidence for clinical practice and immunization policy formulation. The study included all 36 marketed vaccines in mainland China and collected all rare adverse reactions (RAR) reported in Chongqing through CNAEFIS from 2006 to 2021. Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Empirical Bayes Gamma-Poisson Shrinker (GPS) were employed to mine potential safety signals within the database. From 2006 to 2021, approximately 90.1 million vaccine doses were recorded in Chongqing, China, and 20,195 individual cases of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs) were reported. Of these, 3,110 cases (15.4%) were linked to RAR, at an incidence rate of 32.2 per 100,000 doses. Allergic reactions were the most prevalent, with 2,743 cases (88.2% of the RAR), and the Measles-Rubella Vaccine (MR) had the highest IR of allergic reactions, reaching 267.1 cases per 100,000 doses administered. A total of 23 suspicious signals were identified through the combined use of PRR, ROR, GPS, and BCPNN methods. The corresponding clinical diagnoses were mainly non-serious diseases such as angioedema, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, and local abscess. The warning signals of severe diseases such as anaphylactic shock and laryngeal edema, which could be life-threatening due to improper clinical treatment, were weak. The overall safety of vaccines in Chongqing is satisfactory. Vaccine manufacturers should optimize the production process to enhance vaccine tolerability.

BackgroundSince December 2019, COVID-19 has spread rapidly, leading to a global epidemic. The non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented to control the transmission of COVID-19. Previous studies have shown that NPIs have co-benefits for the prevention of other infectious diseases. This study aimed to explore the impact of the NPIs on Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Qingdao, China.MethodsMonthly reported HFMD cases and pathogens information during 2010–2023 in Qingdao were collected from the China Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. Descriptive epidemiology method was adopted to describe the epidemic trend of HFMD. The seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model was used to estimate the monthly HFMD cases during the COVID-19 period, and assessed the effect of NPIs on HFMD by different years and response levels. The effects across different subgroups stratified by gender and ages were also explored.ResultsDescriptive analysis showed that there were significant differences in the epidemic trend and main pathogens before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. A total of 10,170 cases were reported from 2020 to 2022, with an average decrease of 69.61% compared to the average cases from 2010 to 2019. We confirmed the optimal SARIMA (1,0,1)(1,1,0)12 model. Model prediction showed that the actual value from 2020 to 2022 decreased by 73.32% compared to the predicted values (38,127cases). The greatest relative reduction was in 2020 and the level 1 response period. As the NPIs eased, the HFMD incidence rebounded to historical levels in 2023. The stratified analysis showed the same patterns as the overall trends.ConclusionsThe implementations of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic effectively reduced the spread of HFMD. Hence, strengthening public health intervention remains a priority measure for preventing HFMD.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-025-11838-x.

Background/Objectives: The family environment exerts a significant influence on the development of weight-related behaviors among adolescents. However, the lack of motivation often leads to failure in sustaining health behaviors, particularly among adolescents with overweight and obesity. This study examined whether parental healthy behaviors are associated with proactive health behaviors among adolescents with overweight and obesity and investigated the mediating roles of adolescents’ self-efficacy and family cohesion in these relationships within Chinese families. Methods: We recruited 4932 adolescents with overweight and obesity aged 10 to 15 in Shandong Province between October and December 2024. Participants completed validated questionnaires assessing parental healthy behaviors, self-efficacy, family cohesion, and proactive health behaviors. We analyzed the data using multilevel regression models and mediation analysis, controlling for key sociodemographic factors. Subgroup analyses were conducted by gender and region level. Results: Both fathers’ (β = 0.442, 95% CI = 0.263, 0.620) and mothers’ (β = 0.525, 95% CI = 0.336, 0.714) healthy behaviors were positively associated with proactive health behaviors among adolescents with overweight and obesity in the adjusted model. Further mediation analysis revealed that adolescent self-efficacy and family cohesion significantly mediated these relationships. Conclusions: This work suggested that parental healthy behaviors were positively associated with proactive health behaviors among adolescents with overweight and obesity. Additionally, higher self-efficacy and family cohesion enhance these associations. The findings offered evidence-based recommendations for creating family-centered interventions targeting adolescents with overweight and obesity. Future research should employ longitudinal designs to understand these relationships better and improve the efficacy of family-based interventions for adolescents with overweight and obesity.