Qualcomm (United Kingdom)

In this article, we present the latest advancements in Ambient IoT (A-IoT) research within 3GPP and explore the challenges of introducing A-IoT technology into 3GPP system. The diverse use cases, device types, design targets, and topologies of A-IoT pose significant design challenges due to factors such as energy harvesting, and the need for low cost, power efficiency, and complexity. Additionally, the mechanisms for A-IoT differ from existing 3GPP technologies. We introduce feasible high-level technical solutions, including waveform, modulation, multiplexing, duty-cycled monitoring, random access, continuous wave (CW) interference cancellation, and proximity determination for current and upcoming 3GPP releases.

Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is a key enabling technology for next-generation wireless networks, allowing simultaneous information transfer and environmental sensing using a shared spectrum and hardware infrastructure. In this paper, we analyze the performance of a bistatic ISAC system, where a base station serves a communication user while a separate sensing receiver detects a target. A closed-form expression for the communication outage probability is derived, and the detection probability at the sensing receiver is analyzed under Rayleigh fading. The results demonstrate that the outage probability decreases exponentially with transmit power, and on the other hand, the average detection probability increases with transmit power, with a total power budget between the sensing and communication. These findings highlight a fundamental trade-off, i.e., allocating more power to communication enhances link reliability but reduces sensing accuracy, while stricter false alarm constraints further degrade detection in the low-SNR regime. Overall, the analysis provides quantitative design insights into power allocation strategies to improve sensing reliability and communication robustness, offering practical guidelines for ISAC deployment in 6G networks.

This paper presents a comprehensive study on low-complexity waveform, modulation and coding (WMC) designs for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT). A-IoT is a low-cost, low-power IoT system inspired by Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and aims to leverage existing cellular network infrastructure for efficient RF tag management. The paper compares the physical layer (PHY) design challenges and requirements of RFID and A-IoT, particularly focusing on backscatter communications. An overview of the standardization for PHY designs in Release 19 A-IoT is provided, along with detailed schemes of the proposed low-complex WMC designs. The performance of device-to-reader link designs is validated through simulations, demonstrating 8 dB improvements of the proposed baseband waveform with coherent receivers compared to RFID line coding-based solutions with non-coherent receivers when channel coding is adopted.

This study proposes an innovative financing model for temporary disability benefits in Brazil, integrating the General Social Security Regime (RGPS) with private sector participation under a competitive framework. Grounded in Constitutional Amendment No. 103/2019, the model addresses the sustainability challenges of the PAYG system, exacerbated by population aging and the expansion of informality. Through econometric analysis, the study demonstrates that adopting a mixed system—where the private sector covers short-term benefits in measurable-risk sectors while the National Social Security Institute (INSS) acts as a reinsurer—can generate annual savings of several billion reais. The model's pillars include dynamic sector-based pricing mechanisms, risk transfer strategies, and governance supported by distributed ledger technologies. The findings suggest that the proposal aligns with the constitutional principles of social security, offering a legally viable solution for fiscal balance without compromising protective coverage, provided it is regulated by a complementary law that ensures beneficiary safeguards and objective criteria for private sector involvement.

O treinamento distribuído de modelos de IA impõe uma demanda crescente por comunicação eficiente tanto dentro quanto entre datacenters. Com base na Teoria dos Gargalos (BST), este trabalho visa projetar uma rede ciente dos gargalos, buscando minimizar o tempo total de treinamento utilizando a menor largura de banda possível. Propomos uma metodologia para otimizar as configurações de rede, promovendo eficiência e evitando desperdício de recursos. Esse projeto de rede otimizado estabelece uma linha de base robusta de desempenho, a ser considerada antes da adoção de qualquer estratégia de superprovisionamento.

The utilization of wind energy across various sectors has increased significantly in recent decades [...]

This article presents the European 6G Flagship project Hexa-X-II's view on 6G AI-driven air interface. It outlines motivations for AI in the physical layer, selected applications of AI for communication and sensing, their achieved performance, and the challenges to be addressed. The article also provides an overview of the relevant standardization activities.

Multi-dimensional sparse channel state information (CSI) acquisition is conceived for Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation-based millimetre wave (mmWave) multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) systems. A comprehensive end-to-end relationship is derived in the delay-Doppler (DDA) domain by additionally considering the angular parameters and a hybrid beamforming (HB) architecture. A time-domain pilot model tailored for CSI estimation (CE) in the DDA-domain is proposed, which exploits the inherent multi-dimensional (4D) sparsity that emerges in the DDA-domain during the CE process. An efficient low-complexity Bayesian learning (LC-BL) technique is conceived to fulfil the objective of CSI estimation in such systems. Subsequently, a comprehensive examination of the complexity of the algorithm under consideration is also provided. It is worth noting that the complexity of the BL scheme designed is similar to that of popular orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP), but significantly lower than that of the traditional expectation-maximization (EM) based BL technique. Moreover, a single-stage transmit precoder (TPC) and receiver combiner (RC) design is proposed. This procedure aims for maximizing the directional gain of the RF TPC/RC pair by optimizing their weights. Additionally, a series of comprehensive simulations are conducted which incorporate the use of a practical channel model and fractional Doppler shifts. In light of the inherent trade-offs between complexity and estimation algorithm performance, our proposed scheme, LC-BL, appears suitable, especially considering the substantial enhancement in the performance of CE compared to the existing benchmarks.