Queen Arwa University

Traditional Yemeni foods such as Sabaya, Maloje, Lahouh, Al-Zum, and Fahsa lack documented data on their chemical composition. This study aimed to evaluate the moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate content, and total caloric value of these five foods. Laboratory analyses were conducted at Queen Arwa University and Sana’a University. Moisture content ranged from 26.46% in Maloje to 84.09% in Al-Zum, this variation is primarily attributed to differences in the composition and preparation methods of the foods. Fahsa, a meat-based dish, showed the highest protein content (8.45%), while Maloje had the highest carbohydrate content (63.09%) due to its wheat flour base. Sabaya recorded the highest fat (36.34%) and caloric content (462 Kcal/100g), attributed to the use of butter or ghee. In contrast, Al-Zum had the lowest energy value at 74 Kcal/100g. The findings reveal significant variations in the nutritional composition of these dishes, reflecting their diverse ingredients and preparation methods. This study provides valuable insights into the dietary contributions of traditional Yemeni foods. These findings also emphasize the importance of a balanced intake of traditional Yemeni foods to support health, suggesting Fahsa for protein, Maloje and Lahouh for energy, and limited consumption of high-fat dishes like Sabaya.

Pinching antennas have been recently proposed as a promising flexible-antenna technology, which can be implemented by attaching low-cost pinching elements to dielectric waveguides. This work explores the potential of employing pinching antenna systems (PASSs) for downlink transmission in a multiuser MIMO setting. We formulate the problem of hybrid beamforming, where the digital precoder at the access point and the activated locations of the pinching elements are jointly designed to maximize the achievable weighted sum-rate. Invoking fractional programming, a novel low-complexity algorithm is developed to iteratively update the precoding matrix and the locations of the pinching antennas. We validate the proposed scheme through extensive numerical experiments. Our investigations demonstrate that using PASSs, the throughput can be significantly boosted compared to conventional fixed-location antenna systems. This enlightens the potential of the PASS as an enabling candidate for next-generation wireless networks.

Background: Multi-Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR K. pneumoniae) is considered as an important opportunistic pathogen, which causes life threatening infections. K. pneumoniae is known to causes life-threatening infections. Objective: The objective of this study is to detect some β-lactamase genes inKlebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: Thirty-five K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from some hospitals in Baghdad City between October 2022 and February 2023. The identification of K. pneumoniae isolates was done phenotypically by the automated VITEK II system and genotypically by amplification of the rpob gene. The antibiotic susceptibility and detection of some β-lactamase genes were tested for all isolates. Results: The results showed that the K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to most antibiotics used. A high percentage of K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to cefixime, cefpodoxime, norfloxacin and doxycycline as 100% followed by ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, ticarcillin/clavulanate, ticarcillin, ceftazidime, tobramycin, and moxifloxacin (97.2%, 91.7%, 91.7%, 94.4%, 94.4%, and 94.4%, respectively). Furthermore, approximately 94.4% of the isolates were MDR. In addition, the molecular methods only detected the blaNDM and blaT EM genes as 33.3% and 75.6% of in the K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively, while the blaV IM, blaCTX−M, and blaKP C genes were not observed in K. pneumoniae isolates. Conclusions: β-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems, are widely used to treat bacterial infections; however, an increase in antibiotic resistance due to β-lactamases limits the effectiveness of these antibiotics. Therefore, alternative treatment methods are required to control these resistant isolates.

تأسست جامعة الملكة أروى ومارست نشاطها التعليمي منذ مطلع العام 1996 م واستقبلت العديد من الطلبة وأعضاء هيئة التدريس المحليين والدوليين وشكلت احدى اهم مؤسسات التعليم العالي الأهلي في تلك الحقبة وضمن أنشطه الطلاب والتطبيق العملي للمواد الدراسية قام مجموعة من الطلاب بإنشاء اول موقع إلكتروني وكان يهتم بالتعريف عن الجامعة وأخبارها واهم كلياتها وأقسامها والعديد من الخدمات التي نراها بدائية في وقتنا الحاضر الا انها كانت مشروع ناجح نال إعجاب الجميع ، وعندما علمت الدكتورة وهيبة فارع رئيس مجلس أمناء الجامعة بالأمر اشرفت بنفسها وبشكل مباشر على مراحل تصميم وبرمجة موقع جامعة الملكة أروى وتكريماً لهؤلاء الطلبة اعتمدت رئاسة الجامعة المشروع كموقع رسمي يمثل نشاط جامعة الملكة على الشبكة العنكبوتية وتم العمل رسمياً بالموقع ونشرة على الإنترنت من مطلع العام 1998 م وكانت اول جامعة يمنية تطلق موقعها الالكتروني على شبكة الإنترنت وحصلت على تقييم جيد وعضويه لدى منظمة اليونسكو للتعليم في حينها.

Abstract Background and Objective: Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) have emerged globally as significant public health problems owing to their high resistance to antibiotics, particularly in developing countries such as Yemen. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of GNB isolated from clinical samples in Sana’a City, Yemen. Methods: A total of 420 clinical samples, including vaginal swabs, urine, and pus, were collected from patients who attended some hospitals in Sana’a City, Yemen, in 2018. The collected specimens were examined according to standard microbiological methods, and the isolated bacteria were tested against some antibacterial agents using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results: Among 420 specimens, the prevalence of gram-negative bacteria infections was 49.76%. A high rate of GNB was reported among the age group of 41–50 years old (57.97%), female patients (52.19%), those who came from rural areas (60.0%), and those who were uneducated (86.56%). The vaginal specimens exhibited a higher prevalence of bacterial bacteria (60.42%), followed by urine (51.28%) and pus (35.0%). Escherichia coli accounted for the greatest proportion of bacteria recovered from the study's patients (36.62%),followed by Klebsiellapneumoniae (18.66%), Enterobacter sp. (12.32%), Acinetobacter sp. (10.92%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.15%), Citrobacter sp. (6.34%), and Proteus mirabilis (5.99%). E. coliwas highly resistant to imipenem and enrofloxacin. Similarly, K. pneumoniaeand P. aeruginosa were highly resistant to imipenem and norfloxacin. About 62.86% of Enterobacter sp. isolates were resistant to imipenem. In addition, 83.33–78.97% of Acinetobacter sp. isolates were resistant to imipenem and meropenem. Citrobacter sp. had high resistance to norfloxacin. Additionally, over 50% of P. mirabilis isolates were resistant to ofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefuroxime, and ceftizoxime. Conclusion: The conclusion is that there exists a significant proportion of GNB prevalence and antibacterial resistance among the study subjects. Therefore, multisectoral approach is needed for implementing effective strategies to reduce the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among the community.

The throat carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes could play a crucial role in the transmission of infection to households and community settings. In Yemen, there is no information about S. pyogenes throat carriage among university students. This study aimed to find out the rate of asymptomatic throat carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes and its associated risk factors among medical students at Queen Arwa University in Sana’a City, Yemen. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Queen Arwa, between December 2022 and April 2023. A total of 300 throat swabs were randomly collected from medical university students. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated and identified using standard bacteriological procedures. Additionally, the required data were obtained by using the designed questionnaire. Out of 300 specimens, 5 (1.7%) were positive for S. pyogenes throat carriage. The high rate of S. pyogenes was among females (2%), the age group of 25–30 years (8.3%), dental students (3.9%), and those who studied at the third level (3.7%). Additionally, the high rate of carriage was among those whose fathers’ were in the trading field (3.7%) and whose mothers were housewives (2%), whose fathers and mothers held a university certificate (2.9%) and primary school (6.5%), respectively, with a low income (12.5%), none of their families have a sore throat (2.1%), or a history of hospitalization (3.2%). There was a relatively low rate of S. pyogenes throat carriage in healthy medical students compared with international investigations. Standard precautions such as adequate hand and respiratory hygiene and avoiding overcrowded settings are used to prevent and control the transmission of GAS infections.

Abstract Among the unknowns in decoding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 persistent symptoms in Long Covid is whether there is a contributory role of abnormal immunity during acute infection - some have proposed that Long Covid may be a consequence of either an excessive or inadequate initial response. We analysed SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immunity in healthcare workers infected during the first wave. Symptom questionnaires allowed stratification into those with persistent symptoms and those without for comparison. During the period up to 18-weeks post-infection, we observed no difference in antibody responses to spike, RBD or nucleoprotein, virus neutralisation, or T cell responses. Also, there was no difference in the profile of antibody waning. Analysis at 1-year, after two vaccine doses, comparing those with persistent symptoms to those without, again showed similar SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Thus, quantitative differences in SARS-CoV-2 adaptive immunity during acute infection are unlikely to contribute to Long Covid causality.

A fundamental property of higher eukaryotes that underpins their evolutionary success is stable cell-cell cohesion. Yet, how intrinsic cell rheology and stiffness contributes to junction stabilization and maturation is poorly understood. We demonstrate that localized modulation of cell rheology governs the transition of a slack, undulated cell-cell contact (weak adhesion) to a mature, straight junction (optimal adhesion). Cell pairs confined on different geometries have heterogeneous elasticity maps and control their own intrinsic rheology co-ordinately. More compliant cell pairs grown on circles have slack contacts, while stiffer triangular cell pairs favour straight junctions with flanking contractile thin bundles. Counter-intuitively, straighter cell-cell contacts have reduced receptor density and less dynamic junctional actin, suggesting an unusual adaptive mechano-response to stabilize cell-cell adhesion. Our modelling informs that slack junctions arise from failure of circular cell pairs to increase their own intrinsic stiffness and resist the pressures from the neighbouring cell. The inability to form a straight junction can be reversed by increasing mechanical stress artificially on stiffer substrates. Our data inform on the minimal intrinsic rheology to generate a mature junction and provide a springboard towards understanding elements governing tissue-level mechanics.