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The study deals with the biodiversity of nocturnal Lepidoptera in selected site of urban and rural area in Jhalawar district of Rajasthan. The specimen collections were carried out between August, 2020 to March, 2021. The specimens were trapped once in a week between 08:00 pm to 07:00 am. Light trap and manual methods were used for the collection. In present findings total 43 species were collected which belonged to 09 families from both sites.

Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons (BCPS), is a constitutional professional academic organization that confers Fellowship (FCPS) and Membership (MCPS) in various specialties in the field of medicine. As a part of evaluation system, BCPS is responsible for continued improvisation of quality assurance process of the Dissertations/Thesis out of a quality research of global standard. On the occasion of golden Jubilee celebration, an effort to document the gradual progression of the system of learning and performing a research and publishing the results by fellows is made through this article. A sub- committee of 6 members assigned by BCPS Journal committee in a group meeting decided to search BCPS library for dissertations and Thesis, dissertations and thesis database of Research and Training Monitoring Department (RTMD), college office for related documents and websites to collect data regarding evolution of thesis/dissertation of BCPS and other institutions at home and abroad. The purpose of this narrative is to describe the evolution of the Dissertation/ Thesis at the BCPS, Dhaka. Until January 2022, a total of 12,575 dissertations and 355 Thesis have been accepted by BCPS. Year wise distribution of outcomes of submitted dissertations from 2010-2022 and thesis submission rate in different specialties are promising. Over the last 50 years, there have been many revisions to the Dissertation submission and assessment guidelines. Funding for research, Mandatory training, training of the trainers, Specialty wise log-book and gradual introduction of regular monitoring of training and research, e-log book, thesis defense all are the few components of evolution of thesis/ dissertation over the years. BCPS council and Research and Training Monitoring Committee (RTMC) strongly believe that there is always room for improvement in the quality assurance process for the research work leading to Thesis submission. This will pave the way for research, publication of articles in renowned journals and collaborative works in future. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 46-50

Introducción: La infección por SARS-CoV-2 es una pandemia con importante impacto en población adulta mayor con múltiples morbilidades. Objetivo: Desarrollar mediante un consenso de expertos, recomendaciones informadas en evidencia para la prevención, diagnóstico y manejo de infección por SARS CoV2/COVID-19 en paciente adulto mayor multimorbido con enfermedad renal crónica. Metodología: A partir de la evidencia recolectada a través de una revisión de literatura en Pubmed, Embase y sociedades científicas, se formularon recomendaciones que fueron sometidas a la consulta de expertos en nefrología, geriatría y cuidados paliativos. La calidad de evidencia se evalúo con herramientas en función del tipo de documento. Las recomendaciones aprobadas fueron clasificadas de acuerdo a su dirección y fuerza. Resultados: Veintidós expertos declararon su conflicto de interés y diligenciaron la herramienta de consulta entre el 02 y 10 de agosto de 2020. El porcentaje de acuerdo por cada recomendación oscilo entre el 90.9 y 100%. Se presentan 32 recomendaciones para el manejo de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en paciente adulto mayor multimorbido con enfermedad renal crónica. Conclusión: Las recomendaciones formuladas orientan la toma de decisiones de los profesionales de la salud involucrados en la atención de pacientes mayores con enfermedad renal crónica y otras morbilidades que presentan infección por SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract Background and Aims Uremic toxins which are retained in ESRD include small solutes to large middle molecules. Large middle molecules play significant roles in immune modulation and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Expanded hemodialysis (HDx) enabled by innovative medium cut-off (MCO) membrane more effectively removes large uremic toxins vs current dialytic therapies. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of MCO dialyzer in large middle molecules removal and pre-dialysis albumin levels after 24 weeks of treatment. Method This was an exploratory, prospective observational, multicenter cohort study. Prevalent patients on HD therapy for at least 90 days at the Renal Care Services (RCS) were included between June 6, 2018, to June 14, 2018. Uremic toxins removal was evaluated by measuring the reduction ratio (RR) of free light chains (FLC) κ, λ, Interleukin (IL) 6, IL-10, β2 Microglobulin (β2 M) and fibroblastic factor 23 (FGF-23) at 12 weeks ( w) of treatment, as well as the change in predialysis midweek serum level of β2M, FGF-23, factor XIV activity, and VII at baseline, 12 w and 24 w of treatment. A mixed-model repeated measures analysis (MMRM) was performed to identify statistical differences over time Results The RR of κ-FLC, λ-FLC, β2 M, and FGF-23 at week 12 showed a reduction between 46-72%; while in IL-6 RR was not significantly changed (Table 2). Predialysis serum levels decreased for β2m, FLCs and IL-6 and FGF 23 (Table 3). The decrease in albumin was within 5% from baseline. Twenty-two adverse events (AEs) occurred during the follow-up period; No AEs during HDx were deemed related to MCO membrane use. Conclusion MCO dialyzers are safe and effective in removing large MMs and decrease in the uremic toxins levels.

Held in Krakow from 8–10 June 2010, the 2nd MoniQA International Conference was an inter- and cross-disciplinary event, which formed a bridge between the daily concerns of citizens, economic considerations and food and nutrition science. In nine technical sessions the conference set out the state-of-the-art concerning food safety standards, mycotoxins and phycotoxins, food allergens, chemical contaminants, microbiological contaminants, food additives, emerging technologies for food safety assessment and food authenticity. Spichtinger D, Astley S, Cauvain S (2010). Report from the 2nd MoniQA International Conference - Emerging and Persisting Food Hazards: Analytical Challenges and Socio-Economic impact. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 2, 149–153.

The underlying cause of disturbed homocysteine metabolism is incompletely understood in young persons with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) with mild hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcys) and no other systemic disease in India. A 2-year prospective study was undertaken to determine whether HHcys is a risk factor for CRVO in an Indian population. The prevalence of fasting HHcys was evaluated in a consecutive series of 29 patients with CRVO (mean age, 30 +/- 6 years) along with 57 age- and sex-matched control subjects (healthy subjects, mean age 27 +/- 5 years). Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were used. Plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcys), methionine, cysteine, glutathione, B(12), and folate were measured. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors for CRVO. Fifteen of 29 patients with CRVO (51.72%) exhibited HHcys (>15 muM). The mean Hcys level was significantly elevated in the patients with CRVO (19.1 +/- 13.1 muM) compared with that in the healthy control subjects (14.7 +/- 6.2 muM) with P = 0.04. The increased Hcys levels in CRVO cases was associated with decreased methionine (P = 0.052) and decreased B(12) (P = 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed an odds ratio of 1.9 (95% CI = 0.50-7.16) for Hcys and 15.9 for methionine (95%CI = 1.50-169.62; P = 0.022). Elevated Hcys and low methionine were risk factors for CRVO in an Indian population.