Radom (Czechia)

Celem artykułu jest analiza procesów stabilizacji makroekonomicznej w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej (V4) w latach 1995–2024. W badaniu zastosowano model pięciokąta stabilizacji makroekonomicznej (PSM), umożliwiający syntetyczną ocenę pięciu kluczowych obszarów równowagi gospodarczej: wzrostu gospodarczego, inflacji, bezrobocia, równowagi fiskalnej i zewnętrznej. Dla pogłębienia diagnozy zastosowano również wybrane wskaźniki unijnej procedury Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure (MIP), które pełnią funkcję narzędzia wczesnego ostrzegania, wskazując ryzyko narastających nierównowag. Wykazano, że proces stabilizacji makroekonomicznej w krajach V4 był zróżnicowany – od głębokich zaburzeń w okresie transformacji, przez fazę konsolidacji po akcesji do UE, aż po szoki pandemiczne i geopolityczne w ostatnich latach. Pogłębiona analiza z wykorzystaniem wskaźników MIP za rok 2024 ujawnia, że główne źródła potencjalnych zagrożeń stabilizacji leżą w obszarze równowagi zewnętrznej i konkurencyjności. Artykuł dowodzi, że komplementarne wykorzystanie modelu PSM oraz procedury MIP zwiększa trafność diagnozy makroekonomicznej i skuteczność kształtowania stabilnej polityki gospodarczej.

Abstract Obesity is recognized as one of the major risk factors for the development of malignant tumors. This article presents evidence that excessive body weight increases the risk of various types of cancer. The mechanisms through which obesity influences carcinogenesis, such as hormonal dysregulation, inflammation, and metabolic changes, are identified. Potential health interventions that could help reduce cancer risk in individuals with obesity are also considered.

Wood biomass is very important in Poland's energy balance. In 2014, 76% of energy obtained from renewable energy sources in Poland came from biomass, especially from wood. A majority of wood biomass is produced by forestry and agriculture. The aim of this study was to compare the potential for harvesting wood biomass from apple orchards and state forests for use as energy sources based on the Grjec county and the Grjec Forest District. The study presents wood biomass harvested from pruning and elimination of apple orchards, and fuel wood from forestry and wood potentially derived from forest residues. The data used in the analyses were obtained from various official sources and statistics as well as previously published studies. Based on the calculations made, it was found that 55.8 thousand m 3 of wood can be harvested from apple orchards located in the studied object. In turn, in 2014, 20.6 thousand m 3 of fuel wood were sold in the Grjec Forest District, while another 3.3 thousand m 3 , which could also be obtained, remained in the forest. The sale of firewood in the Grjec Forest District showed a systematic increase in the period 2005-2014.

Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) mean for the human organism a potentially dangerous situation. An investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides important information about a character of CNS impairment in the decision-making diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm. The authors present a brief overview of available cerebrospinal fluid assays, shortened indication criteria, a recommended algorithm of CSF assessment in different suspected diseases, and a view of the external quality system. The whole portfolio of obtainable CSF methodology is further subdivided according to the adequate choice into the first and inevitable basic routine panel, and following complicated analyses of highly specialized character. The basic panel is considered for standard laboratories, the complete specialized assessment should be provided by a super-consulting laboratory.

Guidelines on cardiovascular prevention from the European Society of Cardiology advocate sustained educational measures to be undertaken by both doctors and nurses to ensure lifestyle changes for patients after acute coronary syndromes (ACS). A planned programme of a series of educational meetings for patients after ACS was initiated in form of the Patient Club. To assess the efficacy of the Patient Club initiative in terms of increased knowledge on cardiovascular risk factors as well as utilisation of healthy lifestyle in patents who attend the programme. Patients in nine cardiology centres in Poland, who were treated for ACS between October and December 2014, were included. A dedicated questionnaire on healthy lifestyle and knowledge on cardiovascular risk factors was filled in by patients at hospital discharge. In January 2015 the same questionnaire was filled in by the same group of patients before their local Patient Club meeting. There were 1273 patients hospitalised for ACS who were invited to join the Patient Club initiative. Of them, 372 (29%) filled in the questionnaire both at discharge and at the Patient Club meeting. The percentage of patients who smoked cigarettes decreased from 14% to 5% (p < 0.001), and the number of those who had at least 30 min of physical activity daily increased from 50% to 58% (p = 0.015). Patients who attended Patient Club meetings usually four weeks after ACS showed significant benefit in terms of healthy lifestyle changes and more guideline-recommended management of cardiovascular risk factors.

Introduction: The aspiration of a foreign body is usually combined with acute clinical symptoms requiring immediate medical intervention. Nevertheless, in approximately one third of patients the symptoms of aspiration are less prominent; such a clinical condition is called occult bronchial foreign body (OBFB). The aim of our study was to assess the frequency of OBFB in the pulmonary unit of a district hospital and to evaluate the diagnostic difficulties and treatment modalities in such patients. Material and methods: The examined group consisted of patients hospitalized in the Department of Lung Diseases in Radom District Hospital. A retrospective analysis of medical records was preformed. Results: In the period 1978–2008—12 patients (10 males, 2 females) were hospitalized due to OBFB. The foreign bodies occluded the bronchi over 2 months (3 to 7) in 4 patients. The moment of aspiration was not remembered by 8 patients. Cases of OBFB were rare. In the presented material the frequency was 4 per 10,000 hospitalizations and 8 per 10,000 bronchoscopies. In our region of 600,000 population the index of hospitalization due to OBFB in adults (&gt;14 years of age) was 0.07 per 100,000 inhabitants/year. Foreign bodies mainly included bone fragments (5 cases), vegetal remnants—clove of garlic, ear of corn (3 patients), and other food remnants (2 patients). Occasionally other aspirates were found, such as a wooden peg or a piece of plastic. The aspiration took place mostly during meals. The patients developed one or more of the following symptoms: purulent pneumonia (3 cases), pleural empyema (1 case), atelectasis (5 cases), and recurrent bronchitis and pneumonia (2 cases). The foreign body (fragments of plants) was mimicking a bronchial tumour in 4 patients. Fibre optic or rigid bronchoscopy was applied successfully in 11 patients. Only one patient needed surgical intervention. Conclusions: OBFB is a rare condition, but has to be taken into consideration as a cause of chest radiological pathology and in patients with chronic and/or recurrent inflammatory disease of the respiratory system.

Anhand von zwei eigenen und einigen aus dem Fachschrifttum bekannten Fallen wurden die verschiedenen Erscheinungsformen der vertikalen Zahnentwicklungsstorungen analysiert. In dem multikausalen pathogenetischen Geschehen gibt es einen Faktor, der als bestandig anzusehen ist. Es ist die elastische intermittierende Dauerwirkung des Zungenpressens, die einem schleichenden Trauma gleichzustellen ist. Das Reglersystem wird nicht eingeschaltet, denn der elastische Druck der Zunge ist schmerzlos. Auf diese Weise kommen solche Anomalien zustande wie Ankylosen, Halbretentionen und manche totale Retentionen. Wegen ahnlicher Pathogenese wurden alle diese Anomalien als Reinklusion bezeichnet. Die klinischen Beobachtungen haben ergeben, das beide Entstehungsmuster anzutreffen sind. Der Zahn kann in seinem Wachstum gehemmt werden, sogar schon wahrend seines intraalveolaren Wachstums. Er kann aber, nachdem er ausgewachsen ist, zuruck in die Zahnalveole gedrangt werden. Es wurde ein typischer Verlauf der Reinklusion geschildert und auf die atypischen Verlaufe kurz eingegangen. Schlieslich wurde das Fur und Wider solcher Anschauungen dargestellt und eine Definition der Anomalie vorgeschlagen.