Radom Academy of Economics

The aim of the article is to assess the changes in Poland’s technological development and international competitive position in the field of technology in the context of integration with the European Union. The analyzed period — 1995–2023 — was chosen in order to answer the following research questions: (1) what changes have occurred in the area of the country’s technological competitiveness? and (2) what government policies support the development of innovation? The study applies a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative analysis of technological indicators with a qualitative assessment of political strategies and innovation support programs. The results indicate an improvement in Poland’s technological capabilities, particularly in the IT sector and high-tech industries, supported by EU funds and international cooperation. At the same time, challenges such as insufficient commercialization of innovations and a focus on medium-tech sectors limit the full use of Poland’s potential. Therefore, it remains necessary to strengthen the national innovation ecosystem so that Poland can achieve a lasting competitive advantage in the global knowledge-based economy.

Background. Nursing care rationing is a global problem that can pose a real threat to the health and lives of patients. The purpose of this study was to learn about the incidence of care rationing by nursing staff and to analyze the activities that are most often getting limited in patient care. A total of 217 nursing staff participated in the survey. The inclusion criteria consisted of working in an intensive care unit and consenting to participate in the study. A self-administered questionnaire and standardized questionnaires were used in the analysis: BERNCA, GSES, and IZZ. Statistical validity was verified at a=0.05. Results. Lack of staff was the most common reason for care rationing (47.92%). Women ration nursing care more than men (68.66%). Informing the patient about planned tests or treatment was the activity rationed most frequently (6.47%). As healthy behaviors become more frequent,

On 11 January 2018, the Act on amending certain acts in order to increase the participation of citizens in the process of selecting, functioning and control of certain public authorities was passed. The legislator decided that the new legal regulations in the local government system laws were to lead to an increase in the participation of citizens in the process of control and functioning of public authorities, thus, also of local government authorities. In addition, it was to contribute to an increase in the role of local communities in the process of electing bodies coming from general elections, as well as in the control of this process and the bodies responsible for the preparation and holding of elections. Among the “new” legal solutions that have come into force in the current term of the local government authorities (2018–2023), one should distinguish those thanks to which the scope of control powers of local councillors has been extended. These include, first of all, the right to obtain information and materials, access to the premises where these information and materials are located, and access to the activities of the local government office, as well as companies with the participation of local government units, commercial companies with the participation of local government legal entities, legal persons, as well as establishments, enterprises and other local government organizational units, in compliance with the provisions on legally protected secrecy, secondly, the right to address interpellations and inquiries to the village mayor (mayor, city president), starost or voivodeship marshal, thirdly, the obligation to establish a complaint committee, motions and petitions in order to consider complaints about the activities of the executive body and local government organizational units, as well as motions and petitions submitted by citizens.

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Z treści Izajaszowych pieśni nie dowiadujemy się, kim jest Sługa (‘ebed) Jahwe. W Ewangeliach synoptycznych zawarte są cytaty z pierwszej i czwartej pieśni o Słudze Jahwe. Synoptycy w świetle zmartwychwstania Chrystusa w nowy sposób zinterpretowali starotestamentalne teksty. W Izajaszowym Słudze Jahwe widzą zapowiedź proroczą i typ samego Jezusa Chrystusa, Mesjasza i Zbawiciela. W Jezusie Chrystusie wypełnia się w sposób doskonały i ostateczny wszystko, co w Starym Testamencie zostało zapowiedziane o Słudze Jahwe. Ewangeliczny kontekst tych cytatów pozwala dostrzec w pieśniach o cierpiącym Słudze Bożym zapowiedź odkupieńczej męki, śmierci i zmartwychwstania Jezusa.