Raipur Municipal Corporation

Abstract: Paralyzed patients often face severe communication barriers, relying entirely on external assistance to convey even the most basic needs. Existing assistive systems such as EEG-based Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are either prohibitively expensive or technically complex, making them inaccessible to most patients. This paper presents an AI-Based Eye Communication System, designed as a low-cost, non-invasive alternative that enables paralyzed individuals to communicate using only eye movements and blinks. The proposed model integrates computer vision and machine learning techniques through standard HD cameras to detect ocular gestures such as left, right, and upward gaze in real time. These gestures are mapped to predefined commands like “Yes,” “No,” and “Help,” with outputs delivered via synthesized voice or automated caregiver alerts through WhatsApp and email. Developed using OpenCV and MediaPipe frameworks, under standard lighting conditions. Additionally, an integrated emergency-detection module identifies rapid blink sequences to trigger urgent alerts automatically. Experimental results show over 95% accuracy with response times under 220 ms, confirming its real-time feasibility. The modular design of the system ensures easy customization for different users and environments, while its portable architecture allows deployment in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and home-based care. Beyond healthcare, the proposed system can be extended toward AI-driven smart environments, where eye gestures could control assistive devices and IoT applications. This research thus marks a step forward in democratizing AI-powered assistive communication, bridging the gap between technological innovation and social impact. Keywords: Eye tracking, gesture recognition, paralyzed patients, computer vision, assistive technology, OpenCV, MediaPipe, AI communication,human–computer interaction, real-time processing, emergency detection.

This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential and safety of herbal bioactive compounds in the treatment of various liver disorders. As the liver plays a critical role in digestion, detoxification, energy storage, and protein synthesis, any impairment in its function can lead to significant health complications. The study aims to identify effective herbal agents that may support liver health. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using scientific databases and platforms including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, HINARI, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The review includes studies that investigate the hepatoprotective potential of herbal bioactives, while research related to hepatic cancers was excluded to maintain a focus on non-malignant liver disorders. The review identifies several medicinal plants and their active constituents that exhibit hepatoprotective properties. These bioactives function through various pharmacological mechanisms at the molecular level. Common liver conditions addressed include fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis, steatosis, and cirrhosis. The reviewed compounds demonstrate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activities, supporting their role in liver disease management. The findings support growing evidence that herbal bioactives can modulate key molecular pathways involved in liver disorders. These results align with existing studies highlighting the benefits of plant-based treatments. However, the limitations include a lack of clinical trial data, poor bioavailability of some compounds, and the need for standardized formulations. Further research is necessary to validate these results in human populations. Herbal bioactives such as flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, vitamins, and essential oils show promising hepatoprotective effects. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding their precise molecular mechanisms and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) profiles. These insights are crucial for developing safe, effective, and standardized herbal therapies for liver disease management.

UGC-CARE list, New UGC-CARE Reference List, UGC CARE Journals, ugc care list of journal, ugc care list, UGC Approved list, list of ugc approved journal, ugc approved journal,IJRAR - international Research Journal,IJRAR.ORG,Ijrar.org, International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) , UGC Approved journal, ugc approved,ugc, ugc certify, publish free of cost, free publication, UGC and ISSN Approved , International Peer Reviewed, Open Access Journal , e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138, ISSN: 2348 –1269, Impact Factor : 5.75 , E- journal, Low Cost INR 500, Free Publication

Background Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a major global concern in females throughout the world with increasing incidence in India. Hence, early detection and prompt intervention will reduce morbidity and mortality associated with it. Multiple studies showed a promising role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in the evaluation and early detection of the disease. In view of the paucity of such studies in the Indian population, we assessed the role of mpMRI in the evaluation of EC by utilizing a 3T MR scanner. Objectives To assess the efficacy of mpMRI in detecting myometrial invasion and locoregional staging in suspected or diagnosed cases of EC. Materials and methods Nineteen cases of EC with mpMRI were included in the study, and 15 of these underwent surgicopathological staging. The preoperative staging was done using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 staging system based on mpMRI findings and compared with postoperative FIGO staging. All the data were compiled in a Microsoft Excel (Microsoft® Corp., Redmond, WA) file and analyzed in Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 21.0; IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY) using appropriate tools. Results In our study, EC was commonly seen in more than 50-year females with a predominant complaint being postmenopausal bleeding. EC most commonly appeared heterogeneously hyperintense on T2-weighted sequence (T2W) and areas of diffusion restriction on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in all cases. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI (DCE-MRI) showed mild heterogeneous enhancement in all phases with better delineation of adjacent myometrial infiltration in the equilibrium phase. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters had significantly lower values in involved myometrium vis-a-vis uninvolved myometrium. A statistically significant correlation was seen between preoperative mpMRI FIGO staging utilizing T2W, DWI, DCE-MRI, and DTI with surgicopathological FIGO staging. Conclusion mpMRI, particularly T2W, DWI, DCE-MRI, and DTI, yields a significant correlation between MR imaging and histopathological findings in assessing myometrial infiltration and thereby could be helpful in preoperative staging and extent of lymph-nodal dissection.

Understanding the flowering behaviour and synchronisation in avocado (Persea americana) is crucial for effective orchard management as it directly impacts fruit yield and quality. The flowering patterns of avocado trees are influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, environment, and cultural practices. In this review, we will delve into the various factors that influence avocado flowering, with a particular focus on the physiological and environmental aspects. It is crucial to highlight the significance of maintaining optimal tree health and providing a well-balanced nutrition for successful avocado flowering. In this discussion, we will explore the role of chilling requirements, temperature, and photoperiod in flower initiation and development. An analysis is conducted on cultivation practices, specifically pruning and girdling, to assess their effects on flower synchronisation. While some practices, such as plant growth regulator applications, may offer potential avenues for manipulation, their efficacy in the context of avocado flowering remains a subject of ongoing research. This abstract highlight the importance of gaining a thorough understanding of avocado flowering dynamics in order to create sustainable orchard management strategies. By improving flower synchronisation, we can ultimately maximise fruit production in avocado cultivation.

This study aimed to formulate and characterize a Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS) for Bauhinia variegata leaves, a traditional medicinal plant renowned for its anti-tumor properties, in order to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of its bioactive compounds. Bauhinia variegate leaves were collected locally (Amity university ).The successful formulation and characterization of the SMEDDS for Bauhinia variegata not only contribute to advancing drug delivery technologies for traditional medicines but also pave the way for further research into practical applications in the pharmaceutical and herbal medicine industries. This study provides valuable insights for the development of innovative and effective delivery systems for bioactive compounds derived from traditional medicinal plants. Developing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for an ethanol extract from Bauhinia Variegate leaves involves creating a formulation that can spontaneously form a stable microemulsion when introduced to aqueous media, such as the gastrointestinal fluids. The use of a ternary phase diagram can help optimize the proportions of the key components in the formulation. SMEDDS are described as isotropic mixtures of herbal or synthetic oils, solid or liquid surfactants, or instead, one or greater hydrophilic solvents and co-solvents/surfactants that have a completely unique ability of forming satisfactory oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsions upon mild agitation followed by way of dilution in aqueous media, including GI fluids

Sensitive and rapid detection of organophosphate toxicants is highly relevant and important in environmental protection and food safety.

This paper attempts to obtain optimum performance for multi-level inverters by incorporating optimization techniques. The inverter performance is controlled via proportional-plus-integral controller. The parameters of the controller are obtained by implementing optimization techniques to enhance the performance of the controller, thereby promoting the power quality. Here, the ‘Differential Evolution’ and ‘Gravitational Search Algorithm’ are used separately to optimize the controller parameters. The Gravitational Search Algorithm is further employed to obtain the optimum proportional-plus-integral controller parameters for closed loop speed control of induction motor drive.

We provide a new two-step iteration scheme of mixed type for two asymptotically nonexpansive self mappings in the intermediate sense and two asymptotically nonexpansive non-self mappings in the intermediate sense and establish some strong and weak convergence theorems for mentioned scheme and mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces. Our results extend and generalize the corresponding results of Chidume et al. [C. E. Chidume, E. U. Ofoedu, H. Zegeye, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 280 (2003), 364-374] and [C. E. Chidume, N. Shahzad, H. Zegeye, Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim., 25 (2004), 239-257], Guo et al. [W. Guo, W. Guo, Appl. Math. Lett., 24 (2011), 2181-2185] and [W. Guo, Y. J. Cho, W. Guo, Fixed Point Theory Appl., 2012 (2012), 15 pages], Saluja [G. S. Saluja, J. Indian Math. Soc. (N.S.), 81 (2014), 369-385], Schu [J. Schu, Bull. Austral. Math. Soc., 43 (1991), 153-159], Tan and Xu [K. K. Tan, H. K. Xu, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 178 (1993), 301-308], Wang [L. Wang, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 323 (2006), 550-557], Wei and Guo [S. I. Wei, W. Guo, Commun. Math. Res., 31 (2015), 149-160] and [S. Wei, W. Guo, J. Math. Study, 48 (2015), 256-264].

Background: Sickle Cell Disease(SCD) is a complex disorder with multi-organ complications. Cardiovascular abnormalities are well-recognized complication in SCD with cardiac enlargement and systolic murmurs being the most common findings. Multiple pathologic and clinical studies have shown that patients with pulmonary hypertension and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction represent a particularly high-risk subgroup. These cardiopulmonary complications contribute to a markedly low functional capacity and associated high risk of both sudden death and severe multi-organ dysfunction in SCD patients. The aim of study was to assess prevalence of Pulmonary hypertension and Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction by using 2D Echocardiography in the patients of sickle cell anemia. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Medical College and Dr. B.R.A.M. Hospital, Raipur (C.G.) among the patients presenting in O.P.D. and admitted in medicine ward from Dec. 2013 to Sep. 2015. A total of 100 patients were taken fulfilling the inclusion criteria for the study. Detailed clinical history was recorded and all patients underwent complete clinical examination. Hb electrophoresis and 2D Echocardiography of all patients were done. Results: In our study out of 100 patients, 33 patients (33%) were male while 67 patients (67%) were female. 70 subjects were having sickle cell trait out of which 18 patients were male and 52 were female, whereas 30 subjects were having sickle cell disease out of which 15 patients were male and 15 were female. Mean Hb level was 8.41 ± 1.74 gm%. In our study population maximum Hb was 12 gm% whereas minimum Hb was 4 gm%. Diastolic dysfunction was present in 50% of the total cases (100) among them 45.45% were males, 52.23% were females. Diastolic dysfunction was almost equally prevalent among female compared to male (p=0.51).Mean age of women with diastolic dysfunction was 29.37 ± 9.89 yrs, whereas mean age of men with diastolic dysfunction was 29.82 ± 10.24 yrs. Statistically there was no association was found between age and LVDD prevalence ( p=0.99).In our study we found prevalence of LVDD in studied genotypes i.e. AS and SS to be almost similar (P = 0.62, non-significant). Our study showed that diastolic dysfunction is more closely associated with moderate (Hb level 7-10 gm%) and severe anemia (Hb level 4-7gm%) than mild anemia (Hb level >10%). Statistically it was found to be significant (p=0.006).Mean Hb level of patients with diastolic dysfunction was 7.88 ± 1.81 gm%, whereas mean Hb level of patients without diastolic dysfunction was 8.94 ± 1.49 gm% (P<0.01, significant).Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) was present in 24 cases (24%) of the study population, among them 5 were males and 19 were females. There was no significant difference of prevalence of PH between both genders. (p=0.14).Out of 100 patients 12 patients (12%) had both LVDD and PH. Conclusion: The findings in our study indicate that in patients of sickle cell anemia, left ventricular diastolic function is impaired much before development of systolic dysfunction. Lower Hb levels in patients of sickle cell anemia is associated with cardiopulmonary complications. No significant correlation was found in respect to prevalence of PH and LVDD with age or gender. More so presence of both PH and LVDD significantly contributes to a higher mortality in patients of sickle cell anemia. Therefore by early detection we can start early treatment and can retard the progression of these cardiopulmonary abnormalities and its future consequences. Doppler Echocardiography is a simple, non-invasive, easily available technique that identifies sickle cell subjects who have asymptomatic pulmonary hypertension and/or left ventricular diastolic dysfunction much before abnormalities detected on ECG or by clinical examination. Therefore echocardiography becomes an indispensable tool for assessment of cardiac function in SCD patients.