Rajendra Hospital

ABSTRACT Glycerol is an organic waste that is recyclable, biodegradable, and nontoxic, which is left over after making biodiesel fuel. For a wide range of uses, glycerol is currently regarded as a green solvent cum promoter. Glycerol media perform a wide range of catalytic and non‐catalytic organic reactions more efficiently than frequently used organic solvents. The remarkable H‐bonding characteristics of glycerol, which lead to increased reactivity in numerous chemical reactions, are the reason for its effectiveness as a green media. Furthermore, expanding the solvent's potential as a green media is its highly polar character, recyclability, high boiling point, low vapor pressure, and low cost. This review article covers the six categories for the synthesis of biologically active compounds in which glycerol may be used as a green solvent: coupling reactions, cyclization processes, catalyzed reactions, non‐catalyzed reactions, synergistic reactions, and miscellaneous reactions.

Antecedentes: El Loteprednol Etabonato, un fármaco de Clase II del Sistema de Clasificación Biofarmacéutica (BCS), presenta una baja solubilidad acuosa y una biodisponibilidad limitada, lo que dificulta su administración oral y eficacia terapéutica. Objetivo: Mejorar la solubilidad y la velocidad de disolución del Loteprednol Etabonato mediante la formulación de co-cristales farmacéuticos con conformadores químicos seleccionados. Métodos: Se prepararon co-cristales de Loteprednol Etabonato en proporciones estequiométricas con cafeína, ácido benzoico y ácido salicílico utilizando la técnica de evaporación del disolvente. Los co-cristales fueron caracterizados mediante espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC), difracción de rayos X en polvo (PXRD) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Se realizaron estudios de solubilidad y disolución para evaluar el rendimiento biofarmacéutico. Resultados: Todos los co-cristales mostraron una mejora en los perfiles de solubilidad y disolución en comparación con el fármaco puro. El co-cristal de Loteprednol–ácido salicílico presentó la mayor solubilidad, alcanzando 31.90 µg/ml. Las caracterizaciones confirmaron una co-cristalización exitosa, con evidencia de interacciones no covalentes, mayor cristalinidad y cambios morfológicos. Conclusión: La co-cristalización farmacéutica mejoró significativamente la solubilidad y la velocidad de disolución del Loteprednol Etabonato. Esta estrategia representa un enfoque prometedor para mejorar las propiedades biofarmacéuticas de fármacos con baja solubilidad en agua sin alterar su estructura química.

A total of 4500 clinical cases of domestic cats presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC), Rajendranagar, between 2022 and 2024 were screened for Notoedres cati infestation. Out of these, 250 cats (5.5%) were diagnosed positive based on the characteristic clinical signs, symptoms and microscopic examination of deep skin scrapings revealing Notoedres cati mites. The occurence of the disease was found to be males (54%) and females (46%), indicating a slightly higher susceptibility in males. Among the naturally infested cats, 60% were between 6 months to 1 year and 40 percent between 1 to 2 years. Affected cats exhibited typical lesions of notoedric mange including alopecia, crusting, hyperkeratosis, excoriations and intense pruritus with lesions primarily on scantily haired regions such as the ear margins, face, neck, and forelimbs. Some of the cat owners also developed pruritic skin lesions on their hands and wrists which confirms zoonotic disease transmission. The study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of Selamectin spot-on (6 mg/kg body weight) and an Aloe vera-virgin coconut oil formulation using Z test in 250 naturally infested cats divided equally into two treatment groups (n=125 per group) irrespective of gender, age and sex with mean lesion scores evenly distributed between the 2 groups. The cats treated with Selamectin (Group I) reached their best recovery point at day 21 after treatment but the cats receiving the ethnoveterinary formulation (Group II) needed until day 28 to show substantial improvement in the reduction of mean lesion scores. Both the treatments were effective, but Selamectin provided quicker recovery than the Aloe vera - Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) combination which offered lower costs and better environmental sustainability. The research confirms that Notoedres cati continues to affect domestic cats in Hyderabad while demonstrating the need for prompt diagnosis and standard treatment protocols to stop disease relapses and animal-to-human transmission.

Urachal remnants are found in a third of adults, commonly at the dome. They can be found anywhere along the bladder midline, including the anterior and posterior walls. As a single entity, urachal carcinomas are rare, comprising 0.01% of all adult cancers and 0.35% of all bladder cancers. The commonest urachal carcinoma is adenocarcinoma, but 5% of urachal growths are urothelial. Whenever a case of urachal carcinoma is discussed, it is presumed to be an adenocarcinoma, but people forget the possibility of a transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) occurring in the urachus. Also, there is confusion about whether it is a primary urachal TCC or has spread from the adjacent bladder mucosa. It is surprising to note that to date, only 13 cases of primary urachal TCC have been described, and hence, not much is known about this rare tumor. As of today, the factors affecting the prognosis in this rare tumor are, namely, four: grade, stage, margin status, and musculo-invasive nature. A thorough search of the literature did not reveal a single case that encompasses all four prognostic factors. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first case of high-grade musculo-invasive urachal TCC presenting with early-stage disease. This enabled us to dissect which of the four factors, namely grade, stage, margin status, and muscle invasion, influences the prognosis. We would like to discuss the clinical features of the distinction between primary and secondary urachal TCC. We would also like to specially emphasize and discuss whether there is any behavioral change when compared to the more commonly occurring adjacent bladder TCC.

Lead-free chalcogenide perovskites are emerging as promising alternatives to hybrid halide perovskites due to their superior thermal stability, non-toxicity, and strong optical absorption. In this study, the photovoltaic performance of single-junction BaHfSe3-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with the TCO/TiO2/BaHfSe3/Cu2O/Au configuration is systematically investigated using SCAPS-1D simulations. Device optimization identifies TiO2 and Cu2O as suitable ETL and HTL materials, respectively. The optimized structure—TCO/TiO2 (50 nm)/BaHfSe3 (500 nm)/Cu2O (100 nm)/Au—achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.47% under standard conditions. Simulation results reveal that device efficiency is influenced by absorber thickness and trap density. A detailed temperature-dependent study highlights that photovoltaic parameter efficiency is governed by the barrier alignment at the TCO/ETL interface. For lower TCO (Transparent Conducting Oxide) work functions (3.97–4.07 eV), PCE decreases monotonically with temperature, attributed to the increase in reverse saturation current resulting from a higher intrinsic carrier concentration. By contrast, higher TCO work functions (4.47–4.8 eV) yield an initial increase in efficiency with temperature, driven by reduced barrier height and favorable Fermi level shifts before efficiency declines at further elevated temperatures. These insights underscore the promise of BaHfSe3 as a lead-free, environmentally robust perovskite absorber for next-generation PSCs, and highlight the critical importance of interface engineering for achieving optimal thermal and operational performance.

The study of exchange rate volatility has become increasingly significant in the twenty-first century as economies integrate more deeply into the global financial system. India, with its rising share in world trade and investment flows, has experienced both opportunities and vulnerabilities associated with fluctuating currency values. This chapter presents a descriptive exploration of the patterns of exchange rate volatility in India from 2010 to 2024 and examines its broader macroeconomic linkages. Drawing on secondary data from the Reserve Bank of India, International Monetary Fund, and Ministry of Commerce, the chapter highlights how exchange rate fluctuations intersect with inflation, trade balance, foreign capital flows, and monetary policy responses. The analysis demonstrates that exchange rate movements not only influence external competitiveness but also affect domestic price stability and growth dynamics. By tracing these linkages over time, the chapter underscores the importance of data-driven policymaking for managing volatility in a globalised era. The descriptive approach offers clarity without reliance on complex econometric modelling, thereby providing an accessible yet rigorous contribution to understanding India’s evolving macroeconomic landscape. Keywords: Exchange Rate Volatility, Macroeconomic Linkages, India, Foreign Trade, Descriptive Analysis.

determines the profiles of the future persona that any adult or elderly person would acquire.Not without reason said Wordsworth, "The child is father of the man."Therefore, every childhood must be ensured to be golden.Only a golden childhood can be the harbinger of a just, fair, equitable, peaceful, and safe society.Youngsters with a golden childhood shall presumably grow into adults with golden hearts and golden minds that shall lead to a surplus of goodness and sensitivity in society.We will have a surplus of good people to fill all roles in society, be it a friend, a spouse, a parent, a child, a sibling, a boss, an employee, a doctor, an engineer, an administrator, a legislator, or whatever; deceit and fraudulence shall be at a minimum.There shall be no crisis of trust.A golden childhood is also essential for self-actualization and a fulfilling life as an individual.

With climate change becoming more front and center in everyday conversations, the need for tools that actually help people keep track of their carbon impact has never been greater. There are already a bunch of apps out there trying to solve this, but honestly, many of them just don't quite cut it. They can be clunky, too reliant on manual input, or fail to provide anything truly meaningful. That's the gap EcoPulse is aiming to close. EcoPulse is built with regular users in mind. It's a mobilefirst platform powered by AI, designed to help folks monitor their carbon footprint in three major areas: travel, food, and energy use. What makes it stand out is how it pulls data from multiple sources—GPS, usage logs, and image recognition—so it can automatically estimate emissions without constantly asking users to fill things out manually. It quietly works in the background, putting together a clearer picture of your environmental impact without being a hassle. Technically speaking, it's built using Flutter, which means it runs smoothly across both Android and iOS. All the backend work—data syncing, user auth, real-time updates—is handled through Firebase Firestore, which keeps things fast and secure. On the AI side, the app uses lightweight TensorFlow Lite models that run directly on your device. So when you snap a pic of a food item or scan a bill, it processes instantly—and your data doesn't have to leave your phone. But what really makes EcoPulse different is how personal and adaptive it is. The results are promising: it's more responsive, more accurate, and more flexible than most of the traditional tools. At the end of the day, EcoPulse isn't just another footprint tracker—it's a step toward making carbon awareness something that fits naturally into people's daily lives.