Rani Durgavati University

<p>In the originally published article titled “A Comprehensive Update on Nanotechnology in Functional Food Developments: Recent Updates, Challenges, and Future Perspectives”, published in “Recent Patents on Nanotechnology”, Vol: 19, Issue: 2, 2025 [1], certain phrases and expressions were unclear, which may have affected readability. These have now been revised to improve clarity and ensure that the intended meaning is accurately conveyed. The corrections do not affect the results, interpretations, or conclusions of the article. </p> <p> The original article can be found online at: https://www.benthamscience.com/article/134038 </p> <p> Details of the error and the correction are provided below: </p> <p> Original: </p> <p> Scientific statistics about the relationship between health and diet are also more readily available (heart sickness, diabetes, overweightness, and arthritis). </p> <p> Corrected: </p> <p> Scientific statistics about the relationship between health and diet are also more readily available (cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, overweight, and arthritis). </p> <p> The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused.</p>

This review explores recent advancements in AI-assisted nanoformulated mycoherbicides as sustainable alternatives to synthetic herbicides for precision weed management. The integration of nanotechnology enhances the delivery, stability, and efficacy of fungal metabolites, while artificial intelligence enables optimization of formulation parameters and predictive modelling of environmental behavior. Key physicochemical properties, mechanisms of action, and AI-driven design strategies are discussed in detail. The environmental fate and biosafety of nanoformulated mycoherbicides are critically evaluated, including their interactions with soil, water systems, plants, and non-target organisms. Compared to conventional herbicides, these systems exhibit improved target specificity, reduced environmental persistence, and enhanced biodegradability. However, challenges related to scalability, regulatory frameworks, and long-term ecological impacts remain. The review highlights commercialization pathways and emphasizes the role of AI in risk mitigation and formulation optimization. Strategic recommendations are proposed to accelerate adoption, including standardization of biosafety protocols, investment in AI-driven research, and strengthening industry–academia collaborations. Overall, AI-assisted nanoformulated mycoherbicides represent a promising approach for sustainable and precision-based weed management.

Metamaterials are artificially engineered structures that exhibit electromagnetic properties not normally found in natural materials, such as negative permittivity and permeability. These unique characteristics make metamaterials highly useful for electromagnetic wave absorption applications. In this paper, a compact six-band metamaterial absorber operating in the microwave frequency range is proposed and analyzed. The designed absorber consists of a symmetric metallic patch structure printed on a lossy FR-4 dielectric substrate, backed by a copper ground plane to eliminate transmission. The proposed unit cell supports six distinct resonance frequencies at 2.76 GHz, 6.25 GHz, 11.54 GHz, 13.28 GHz, 15.73 GHz, and 17.38 GHz, achieving absorption levels greater than 92% at all bands, with peak absorption exceeding 99%. Due to the symmetric geometry, the absorber exhibits polarization-independent behavior under normal incidence. Additionally, the structure demonstrates angular stability for incident angles up to 45° over a wide frequency range. The absorption mechanism is explained using normalized impedance matching, surface current distribution, and electric field analysis. The simulation results confirm that near-unity absorption occurs when the effective impedance of the metamaterial matches the free-space impedance. The entire design and performance evaluation are carried out using CST Microwave Studio 2018. Owing to its compact size, multi-band operation, polarization insensitivity, and high absorption efficiency, the proposed metamaterial absorber is suitable for applications such as electromagnetic interference shielding, radar cross-section reduction, sensors, and microwave communication systems.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the epidemiological incidence of respiratory tract diseases in dogs presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC), College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University (NDVSU), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. A total of 2397 dogs of either sex, irrespective of breed and age, were screened over a period of six months from June to November 2025. Among these, 117 dogs were found to be affected with respiratory tract diseases, resulting in an overall incidence of 4.88 per cent. The highest distribution was recorded in dogs above six years of age, gender wise distribution revealed that male dogs were more commonly affected, and breed wise distribution showed that the highest number of affected dogs belonged to non-descript breeds, followed by Labrador Retrievers. The most common clinical abnormalities observed were cough (76.07%), inappetence (58.12%), nasal discharge (54.70%), lethargy (40.17%) and fever (37.61%). The study provides baseline epidemiological evidence that can support early diagnosis, disease surveillance and informed preventive and therapeutic strategies for respiratory tract diseases in dogs.

The experiment was conducted to investigate gross biometrical parameters of deep pectoral muscle of Kadaknath, Narmada Nidhi and Jabalpur Color birds at 6 and 10 weeks of age. The present experimental work was conducted on total 36 male birds of Kadaknath, Narmada Nidhi and Jabalpur color. The birds were categorized into two age groups: 6 weeks and 10 weeks of age of Kadaknath (G1 and G2), Narmada Nidhi (G3 and G4) and Jabalpur color (G5 and G6), respectively with six birds in each group. Birds were procured from All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Poultry (AICRP), Livestock Farm, Adhartal, NDVSU, Jabalpur (M.P.). Gross biometrical parameters i.e. length, width, thickness and cross-sectional area of deep pectoral muscle was measured. The intensity of color of deep pectoral muscle was increased at the age of 10 weeks. The gross biometrical parameters were maximum in Narmada nidhi birds at 6 weeks of age showing its initial growth while at 10 weeks it was maximum in Jabalpur color birds. Among all birds, the highest cross-sectional area was noted in Jabalpur color birds at 10 weeks. All parameters in Kadaknath fowl were significantly lower than in the other two breeds, indicating reduced growth during this age group.

Hydrogels’ self-healing process involves reconstructing the damaged network structure, which is typically mediated by the reversible interactions among the polymer chains. A number of approaches have been employed to fabricate self-healing hydrogels. These include hydrogen bonding, host-guest recognition, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic associations, metal-ligand coordination, dynamic covalent bonds, etc. This chapter describes the physical entanglements between carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) chains and poly (acrylamide-co-vinyl imidazole)(poly(AAm-co-VI), which resulted in a unique solid hydrogel electrolyte(SHE) material with highly controllable properties. The SHE was synthesised by carrying out free radical co-polymerisation of monomer Acrylamide and vinyl imidazole in the presence of dissolved CMC at 40 °C. The SHE was characterised using rheological, mechanical, adhesion, and electrochemical techniques. The SHE showed an excellent self-healing property, as confirmed by the “LED glowing” experiment, and the ‘self-healed ‘material recovered 78% of its original elongation capacity. The freshly prepared SHE, when put on a copper surface, required a Detachment Pressure (DP) of 864 Pa, while a fairly high DP of 8909 Pa was required after 24 h of contact. The SHE sample was highly flexible and regained its shape after knotting, folding and twisting. The hydrogel also exhibited shape memory property. Finally, the samples SHE-I and SHE-IV (containing 0 and 4 ml glycerol per 40 ml of film-forming solution) were charged using a 12-volt battery for 2 min and then employed to glow an LED bulb as well as run an alarm clock. It was found that the sample SHE-I was able to glow the LED bulb for almost 55 min, while the sample SHE-IV successfully lit the LED for almost 357 min. Similarly, a small alarm clock was run by the two SHE systems for 118 and 838 min respectively. The hydrogel sample SHE-IV, loaded with glycerol and the sample SHE-V, loaded with the salt ZnCl2 demonstrated excellent anti-freezing behavior by maintaining the electrical connectivity in the circuit even at -25oC. Finally, the sample SHE-I was prepared with a highly porous texture and used as a “Gravimetric Analyzer for Humidity Monitoring” (GAHM). The moisture absorption-desorption capacity of GAHM was tested by putting it before a hot air blower for 600 s, followed by its immediate transfer in RH atmosphere of 75%. It attained the Equilibrium mass within a short period of 600 s. Owing to hydrogen-bonding interactions and mutual polymer-chain entanglements, the SHE possesses self-healing, shape memory, adhesiveness, and flexibility. It also functions as a rechargeable supercapacitor, which lasts longer in the presence of glycerol.

Bronchial asthma is among the most prevalent chronic respiratory disorders in children and presents distinct challenges during dental care due to the risk of acute bronchospasm triggered by psychological stress, exposure to allergens, and certain dental materials or medications. Meticulous modification of routine dental protocols is therefore essential to ensure patient safety. This case report describes the dental management of a 13-year-old female patient with allergic bronchial asthma who presented with acute pain and swelling in the posterior tooth region. A multidisciplinary approach was adopted, including prior consultation with the treating pulmonologist, comprehensive medical evaluation, and implementation of preventive strategies to minimize known triggers. Particular emphasis was placed on anxiety reduction, early morning appointments, continuous monitoring of vital parameters, and implementation of a latex-free protocol. As part of the latex-free protocol, nitrile gloves were used for routine handling, and vinyl gloves were modified and employed as an alternative to the conventional rubber dam to achieve effective isolation while eliminating latex exposure. Dental treatment was successfully completed under local anesthesia without adrenaline, with emergency medications readily available. The patient remained clinically stable throughout the procedure, with no respiratory complications. This case highlights the importance of individualized treatment planning and demonstrates that simple, cost-effective modifications, such as the use of modified vinyl gloves for isolation, can facilitate safe and effective dental care in pediatric patients with allergic bronchial asthma, particularly in resource-limited settings.

The rapid expansion of digital marketing and online advertising has intensified exposure to cyber threats, making cybersecurity a critical component of modern marketing ecosystems. This review paper synthesizes existing literature to analyze major cybersecurity threats affecting digital marketing platforms, online advertising systems, and consumer data privacy. Drawing upon recent empirical and survey-based studies, the paper categorizes prevalent threats such as phishing, malware, ransomware, data breaches, ad fraud, and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. It further reviews best practices, regulatory frameworks, and emerging technological solutions, particularly the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in threat detection and mitigation. The study highlights existing research gaps and outlines future research directions for strengthening cybersecurity resilience in digital marketing ecosystems.

Designing efficient microwave absorbers for X, Ku and K-band (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$8.2-26.5 \text{GHz}$</tex>) applications demands a balanced approach to achieve wideband absorption, minimal reflection, reduced thickness, and lightweight characteristics. In this study, a novel multilayer microwave absorber (MMA) is proposed using the recently developed Hippopotamus Optimization Algorithm (HOA), inspired by the cooperative and social behavior of hippopotamuses. The optimization process compute frequency-dependent permittivity and permeability values of suitable dielectric material with an appropriate thickness. A multi-objective cost function is formulated to simultaneously minimize the reflection coefficient and overall thickness while maximizing absorption bandwidth within the targeted frequency range. The designed triple layer microwave absorber (TLMA) with the total thickness of 2.4 mm exhibits convincing results. This TLMA can absorb the incident microwave in a 13.2 GHz bandwidth. The result shows an excellent match with analytical and full-wave simulations. Optimized results confirm that the HOA-derived absorber achieves over 90 % absorption across more than 90 % of the Ku and K-bands with reduced thickness. This work demonstrates the potential of the HOA, which is fused with transmission line model in optimizing complex structures and provides a robust methodology for the tailored design of high-performance microwave absorbers.