Rayat Institute of Engineering & Information Technology

Indonesia's current population growth rate has reached 1.13% per year, leading to increased demand for land and consequent land use conversion, including peatlands. The conversion of peatlands into oil palm plantations raises several negative issues, such as increased carbon emissions. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the characteristics of peatlands when determining their suitability for crop cultivation. This study aims to assess peat quality, nutrient retention, and soil classification in the research area and evaluate the suitability of peatlands for oil palm cultivation in Pancung Soal. The research was conducted in an oil palm plantation in Nagari Tluk Amplu Inderapura, West Sumatra, using a survey method and parameters such as peat depth, ash content, and pH. The boundaries of land suitability classes were determined based on oil palm production results. The findings indicate variations in peat quality, nutrient retention, and suitability for oil palm cultivation. The analysis initially reveals land suitability classes ranging from S3 to N. However, with modifications to certain parameters, the suitability classes can be improved to S2 and S3. These results approximate suitability based on actual field productivity. Boundary delineation for specific parameters is necessary to enhance land suitability for oil palm in the region.

The genus Exophiala, known for its melanized, yeast-like appearance, includes a diverse group of fungi with significant implications across various fields. An isolate representing a novel species was identified within this genus from a ginger tuber from India, based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S LSU rRNA gene, SSU rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region confirmed this strain as a new species. It was named Exophiala zingiberis sp. nov. (MycoBank no. MB 855415), with MCC 9960T designated as the holotype and PYCC 9834 as the isotype. Exophiala zingiberis was positioned as a sister species to a clade that includes Exophiala castellanii, Exophiala mali and three additional species. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that while E. zingiberis shares a common ancestor with these species, it is genetically distinct, underscoring its novel status. The type strain of this novel species differs from Exophiala yuxiensis YMF1.07354T, the most closely related species, by 19 nucleotide substitutions (3.6% sequence variation) in the D1/D2 region (549 bp compared) and 104 nucleotide substitutions and 44 gaps (27.1% sequence variation) in the ITS region (546 bp compared).

Abstract The Ni(OH)2 nanosheets were grown on stainless steel substrates by single-step hydrothermal technique at different deposition times and their supercapacitive properties were investigated. Using a variety of characterization measures, the produced films' structural, morphological, chemical compositional, and electrochemical characteristics were examined. The X-ray diffraction data shows the rhombohedral structure of synthesized Ni(OH)2. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) photographs of the prepared nickel hydroxide film shows a nanosheet-like structure. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses shows that nanosheet-like structures have a big surface area for optimized sample of 16.015 m2g− 1 with a mesoporous network. An electrochemical supercapacitor properties of nickel hydroxide nanosheets demonstrates well performance as the electrode. They shows a specific capacitance of 109 F/g at a current density of 0.7 mA/cm2, furthermore excellent energy density and power density of 10.55 Wh/kg and 170 W/kg respectively. Additionally, they demonstrats good cycling stability for calculating cyclic voltammetry, with approximately 70.06% of the scan rate being 100 mV/s.

Background: The phytoconstituents of single plants are inadequate to produce the desired efficacy and results. The combination of various herbal drugs in a specific proportion will improve the therapeutic efficacy by simultaneously acting on multiple targets, leading to enhanced patient compliance and therapeutic outcome. The objective of the present study was to formulate a polyherbal dosage form and to evaluate its efficacy and stability. Materials and Methods: The polyherbal extract was prepared by mixing different alcoholic extracts of all four drugs in a ratio of 1:1:1:1. A total of six polyherbal formulations (PHF) prepared were and evaluated for their preformulation studies. The phytoconstituents present were determined through Fourier transformer Infra-Red spectroscopy evaluation. The drug was further filled into capsules of 000 size and checked for all the evaluation parameters of capsules. The drug was checked for stability studies under various conditions. Results: The PHF1 showed the best flow properties. The capsules showed a drug release of 94% in 30 min. The spectroscopic results suggested the presence of terpenes, tannins, phenols, and flavonoids in granules. The capsules were found to be stable in various types of lights but get degraded at 70% humidity and temperatures above 55°C. Conclusion: This releasing pattern of medication from their capsule shell in vitro can be used to anticipate the releasing sequence in vivo. The Polyherbal capsule was shown to be fairly stable in light, temperature, and humidity.

Undoped thin films of ZnO were prepared over glass substrates using a simple chemical spray pyrolysis process. The solution of aqueous ‘Zinc acetate dehydrate’ was used as precursor and sprayed over preheated glass substrate at 400 °C. The concentration of solution changed from 0.2M to 1 M with the step of 0.2 and its impact on structural, morphological and optical properties has been studied with the help of XRD, SEM, UV-Vis Spectroscopy and four-probe technique. The films are polycrystallines, have a hexagonal wurtzite structures, and have a preferred orientation in the (002) plane. SEM analysis indicates the dependency of film morphology on precursor concentration. Optical Transmittance decreases with increasing precursor concentration. Maximum optical transmittance reaches up to 51% with film obtained from 0.2M concentration. Decreasing band gap values from 3.18 eV to 3.04 eV are noted as carrier concentration increases with precursor concentration.

Present study was aimed to assess plant growth promoting activity of rhizobacteria isolated from rhizospheric soil of Asparagus racemosus. Thirty rhizobacteria were isolated and tested for Plant Growth Promoting Activity, with six of them being employed in further research. Functional plant growth promoting traits such as phosphorus solubilization, zinc and potassium solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, siderophore production, and growth on Nfree media were used to characterize the isolates. Phosphate solubilization was much higher in isolates A and B (84.24 ±0.01 and 86.16 ±0.02 µg/ml respectively) and IAA production (90.11±0.1 and 253.45±0.01 respectively). Both isolates were capable of producing siderophore.Three of the six isolates were potassium solubilizers, two were zinc solubilizers, and three demonstrated exopolysaccharide production. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used to identify isolates with the highest PGPR performance. Overall potent isolates were identified as Exiguobacterium acetylicum strain RGK and Enterobacter mori strain RGK1 respectively and deposited in GeneBank under accession number OL771442 and OL656822 respectively. These strains could be used as an PGPR inoculant having multiple PGP-traits for plant growth promotion. Key words: PGPR, Plant Growth Promoting Traits, Exiguobacterium acetylicum RGK , Enterobacter mori RGK1, Asparagus racemosus.

BackgroundPeptic ulcer (PU) is a collective term used for a group of chronic manifestations that affect mucosal integrity of stomach and/or duodenal lining. It is characterized by pain, perforations, bloating, nausea, blood in stool or vomit, loss of appetite and weight loss. PurposeAlthough a number of conventional treatment approaches such as antihistaminics, proton pump inhibitors, prostaglandins, antacids and antimicrobial agents are available for the management of PU, but they all are associated with various side effects. Herbal drugs are alternative remedies for the treatment of various pharmacological conditions and are generally considered to be much safer as compared to synthetic drugs. The present review summarizes the different phytoconstituents that have been explored for their antiulcer potential in various preclinical studies. MethodsLiterature search was conducted across four electronic databases (Google, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) for potentially relevant literature. Search was performed using various key words such as “peptic ulcer”, “herbal drugs”, “anti-ulcer”, “anti-ulcer plants”, “phytomedicine for peptic ulcer”, and “plant derived drugs for peptic ulcer”. Further studies were screened through examination of abstracts, reference sections and well on the basis of previously published review articles. ResultsA number of natural products are reported to exhibit antiulcer property in various animal studies and some of them are currently being used in various herbal formulations. Prominent phytoconstituents exhibiting anti-ulcerogenic activity include friedelin (Maytenus robusta Reissek); squalene (Muntingia calabura L.); brasiliensic acid (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess.); shogaol (Zingiber officinale Roscoe); allitridin (Allium sativum L.); rutin (Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart.); ligustilide (Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels); curcumin (Curcuma longa L.); and rosmarinic acid (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.). ConclusionPhytoconstituents have been reported to exhibit antiulcer property by targeting various enzymes, inflammatory mediators and/or by other pathways. Although they have shown promising results in preclinical studies, however, further research is required to ensure their safety and efficacy in human beings.

Trans-Sinapic Acid is a bioactive compound. Recent studies showed that it has a significant potential to attenuate various chemically induced Neurodegenerative toxicities. The present study investigates the potential of trans-Sinapic Acid as neuromodulator and its effect on release of Monoamine Oxidase (MAO-A, MAO-B), TNF-α, Acetylcholine esterase Enzyme, in cognitive dysfunctions associated with experimental dementia. Experiment: Aluminium chloride was administered at a dose of 175mg/kg, p.o. for a period of 25 days in rats and then divided into different groups, i.e. Treatment group, negative control and two groups of trans- Sinapic Acid, (at a dose of 30 and 60mg/kg, p.o.), where these groups treated and observed until the 35th day of experimental trial. Morris water Maze (MWM) and Photoactometer was used to access learning, memory and ambulatory movements on 5th, 16th, 26th and 36th day of experiment. Later, the animals were sacrificed for biochemical and histopahological studies. The oxidative stress was measured by estimating the levels of Glutathion (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Nitrite, Catalase. Brain acetylcholine esterase (Ache) activity and Monoamine oxidase (MAO-A, MAO-B) were also estimated. The Brain level of TNF-α was measured as a marker of inflammation. Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) produced a marked decline in MWM performance and ambulatory movements' of animals, reflecting impairment of memory and learning. Trans-Sinapic Acid treatment significantly modulates AlCl3 induced memory deficits, biochemical and pathological alterations. The findings demonstrate that the memory restorative ability of trans-Sinapic Acid may be attributed to its anti-cholinesterase, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory potential.