Republican Center for Healthcare Development

The golden jackal (Canis aureus) is a highly adaptable wild carnivore whose expanding range in Kazakhstan increases contact with livestock, wildlife, and human-modified environments. Despite its potential epidemiological importance, data on helminth infections in jackals from southern Kazakhstan remain limited. In this study, 13 golden jackals collected from four regions of southern Kazakhstan were examined by necropsy of internal organs and coprological analysis. Helminths were identified using morphological methods and molecular genetic analysis of mitochondrial (cox1) and ribosomal (NC13/NC2) markers. Five helminth species were detected, including the nematodes Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara canis, and the cestodes Taenia multiceps, Taenia krabbei, and Mesocestoides sp. Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirmed species-level identification of nematodes and cestodes and showed clear clustering with reference sequences. Overall, 46% of examined jackals were infected with at least one helminth species. The presence of taeniid cestodes and zoonotic nematodes highlights the role of golden jackals as definitive hosts in parasite transmission cycles involving wildlife, livestock, and humans. These findings provide new molecular and epizootological data on helminths of golden jackals in southern Kazakhstan and contribute to understanding their epidemiological significance.

Background. Rehabilitation is a crucial component of comprehensive oncological care, aimed at restoring functional capacity, improving quality of life, and supporting social reintegration in lung cancer patients. Despite significant progress in cancer management, access to rehabilitation services remains uneven, particularly between urban and rural populations. Aim: to assess perceptions of patients with lung cancer regarding the quality, organization, and accessibility of rehabilitation services across different levels of healthcare in Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from November 4, 2024 to February 4, 2025 in the Abay region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study included 124 patients diagnosed with lung cancer who had received or were undergoing medical rehabilitation. Data were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires assessing socio-demographic characteristics, satisfaction with rehabilitation, and perceptions of service accessibility and quality. Results. The mean age of participants was 61.6 ± 9.5 years; 70.2% were of Kazakh nationality, and 66.9% resided in urban areas. Most respondents rated the organization of rehabilitation as satisfactory (41.1%) or good (29.0%), while 16.9% described it as excellent and 12.9% as unsatisfactory. Overall, 75.8% of patients reported being satisfied with rehabilitation services. Gender differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05), whereas urban residents demonstrated higher satisfaction compared to rural respondents (p<0.05). Conclusions. Gender did not significantly influence patients’ perceptions of rehabilitation quality or accessibility, while place of residence was identified as the main determinant. These results correspond with international data emphasizing spatial and systemic inequalities in rehabilitation access. Expanding patient-centered and digital rehabilitation programs, including tele-rehabilitation and regional service integration, may enhance equity, efficiency, and overall quality of oncological rehabilitation in Kazakhstan. Введение. Реабилитация является неотъемлемой частью комплексной онкологической помощи, направленной на восстановление функциональных возможностей, улучшение качества жизни и социальную реинтеграцию пациентов с раком лёгкого. Несмотря на достижения в лечении онкологических заболеваний, доступ к реабилитационным услугам остаётся неравномерным, особенно между городским и сельским населением. Цель: оценить восприятие пациентами рака легких качества, организации и доступности реабилитационных услуг на разных уровнях здравоохранения в Казахстане. Материалы и методы. Описательное поперечное исследование проведено в период с ноября 2024 года по февраль 2025 года в Абайской области Республики Казахстан. В исследование были включены 124 пациента с установленным диагнозом рак лёгкого, проходившие или завершившие курс медицинской реабилитации. Сбор данных осуществлялся методом стандартизированного опроса и анкетирования, включавшего оценку социо-демографических характеристик, удовлетворённости реабилитацией и восприятия качества и доступности услуг. Результаты. Средний возраст участников составил 61,6 ± 9,5 года; 70,2 % были казахской национальности, 66,9 % проживали в городах. Большинство респондентов оценили организацию реабилитации как удовлетворительную (41,1 %) или хорошую (29,0 %), 16,9 % - как отличную, а 12,9 % -как неудовлетворительную. В целом 75,8 % пациентов сообщили об удовлетворённости полученными реабилитационными услугами. Различия между мужчинами и женщинами были статистически незначимыми (p > 0,05), тогда как городские жители чаще выражали удовлетворённость по сравнению с сельскими (p <0,05). Выводы. Пол не оказывал значимого влияния на восприятие качества и доступности реабилитационных услуг, тогда как место проживания являлось ключевым фактором. Полученные результаты согласуются с международными данными, подчёркивающими пространственные и системные различия в доступе к реабилитации. Расширение пациент-ориентированных и цифровых форм реабилитации, включая телереабилитацию и интеграцию региональных служб, позволит повысить равенство, эффективность и качество онкологической реабилитации в Казахстане. Кіріспе. Оңалту - бұл функционалдығын қалпына келтіруге, өмір сүру сапасын жақсартуға, өкпенің қатерлі ісігі бар науқастардың өмір сүру сапасын жақсартуға және әлеуметтік реинтеграциясының ажырамас бөлігі болып табылады. Қатерлі ісікпен емдеудегі аванстарға қарамастан, оңалту қызметтеріне қол жетімділік біркелкі емес, әсіресе қалалық және ауылдық популяциялар арасында біркелкі емес қалып отыр. Зерттеу мақсаты: Өкпенің қатерлі ісігі кезінде пациенттердің сапасы, Қазақстандағы денсаулық сақтаудың әртүрлі деңгейлеріндегі оңалту қызметтерінің сапасы, ұйымдастырылуы және қол жетімділігі туралы бағалау. Материалдар мен тәсілдер. Сипаттамалық-секциялық зерттеу 2024 жылғы қарашадан 202 ақпанға дейін Қазақстан Республикасының Абай ауданында жүргізілді. Зерттеуге медициналық оңалту курсынан өткен немесе аяқтаған өкпе қатерлі ісігі диагнозы қойылған 124 пациент кірді. Деректер жинау әлеуметтік-демографиялық сипаттамаларды бағалау, оңалту және қызметтердің сапасы мен қол жетімділігі туралы қанағаттанушылықты бағалауды, әлеуметтік-демографиялық сипаттамаларды қамтитын стандартталған сауалнамалық және сауалнаманы пайдалану арқылы жүзеге асырылды. Нәтежиелер. Қатысушылардың орташа жасы 61,6 ± 9,5 жасты құрады; 70,2 пайызы қазақ ұлты болса, 66,9 пайызы қалаларда тұрды. Респонденттердің көпшілігі оңалту ұйымын қанағаттанарлық (41,1%) немесе жақсы (29,0%), 16,9% тамаша, 12,9% қанағаттанарлықсыз деп бағалады. Жалпы алғанда, пациенттердің 75,8%-ы алынған оңалту қызметтеріне қанағаттанатынын айтты. Ерлер мен әйелдер арасындағы айырмашылықтар статистикалық тұрғыда шамалы болды (p > 0,05), ал қала тұрғындары ауыл тұрғындарымен салыстырғанда қанағаттанушылық білдіру ықтималдығы жоғары болды (p <0,05). Қорытындылар. Гендерлік фактор оңалту қызметтерінің сапасы мен қолжетімділігіне айтарлықтай әсер етпеген, ал тұрғылықты жері басты фактор болған. Бұл нәтижелер халықаралық деректерге сәйкес келеді және оңалтуға қолжетімділіктегі кеңістіктік және жүйелік айырмашылықтарды көрсетеді. Пациентке бағдарланған және цифрлық форматтарды кеңейту Қазақстандағы онкологиялық оңалтудың тиімділігін, сапасын және әділдігін арттыруы мүмкін

This study investigates the species composition and distribution of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Kazakhstan, with a focus on two species newly recorded for the country: Simulium murmanum (Enderlein, 1935) and Simulium reptans (Linnaeus, 1758). The presence of S. murmanum in Kazakhstan is reported for the first time, supported by morphological and molecular genetic analyses. Diagnostic features of the larva, pupa, and adult stages are described in detail, including the structure and coloration of the larval head capsule, pupal cocoon, and genitalia of both sexes. Habitat preferences and pupal substrate attachment patterns are illustrated, with observations on variations in cocoon branching across different flow regimes. Species identification was conducted using the morphological keys of Rubtsov and Yankovsky, and taxonomic classification was confirmed using the framework proposed by Adler. Molecular confirmation of S. murmanum was performed via DNA analysis. The species was found to be restricted to the foothill regions of East Kazakhstan, suggesting a distribution closely associated with the Altai mountain systems and adjacent regions in Mongolia and China. Unlike its status as a dominant hematophagous species in parts of Russia, S. murmanum has not demonstrated biting activity in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, or China. Additionally, the study provides the first records of S. reptans within the fauna of Kazakhstan, initially identified in the Irtysh River (Pavlodar Region). Subsequent sampling conducted in June 2024 revealed a continuous distribution of S. reptans along the Irtysh River through to the mountain streams of East Kazakhstan. The species was found in mountainous, foothill, and lowland environments, highlighting its wide ecological plasticity.

Drone brood homogenate is a little-studied bee product used in medicine, veterinary medicine and cosmetology for treatment and prophylaxis. It is a very nutritious substance with a high content of active components: proteins, lipids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, vitamins (A, B, E and D) and minerals. The aim of this study was to obtain homogenate of drone larvae by different methods and its encapsulation. The results of the study of encapsulated drone homogenate as a biologically active supplement are presented. The technology of encapsulation of homogenate of drone brood has been developed. The mixture with the homogenate of drone brood, polymer and modified corn starch is successfully homogenized, and calcium chloride is used to harden the capsules. The optimum composition for encapsulation of drone brood homogenate was selected. The physicochemical, mineral, amino acid and vitamin composition of the product was analyzed, confirming its high nutritional value. It was found that the homogenate is rich in carbohydrates (82.13%), proteins (2.4%), calcium (434.2 mg/100 g), magnesium (222.7 mg/100 g) and B vitamins. The encapsulation method with using sodium alginate allowed to ensure the stability and long storage of the product. It was found that bee families with laying queens older than two years are the most productive for obtaining drone brood. The results confirm the effectiveness of encapsulated homogenate as a biological active additive increase productivity and reproductive function of animals.

Kazakhstan has one of the lowest heart transplantation (HTx) rates globally, but there are no studies evaluating the outcomes of HTx. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the national HTx program over a 12-year period (2012–2023). Survival analysis of the national HTx cohort was conducted using life tables, Kaplan‒Meier curves, and Cox regression methods. Time series analysis was applied to analyze historical trends in HTx per million population (pmp) and to make future projections until 2030. The number of patients awaiting HTx in Kazakhstan was evaluated with a regional breakdown. The pmp rates of HTx ranged from 0.06 to 1.08, with no discernible increasing trend. Survival analysis revealed a rapid decrease in the first year after HTx, reaching 77.0% at 379 days, with an overall survival rate of 58.1% at the end of the follow-up period. Among the various factors analyzed, recipient blood levels of creatinine and total bilirubin before surgery, as well as the presence of infection or sepsis and the use of ECMO after surgery, were found to be significant contributors to the survival of HTx patients. There is a need for public health action to improve the HTx programme.

We present successful reconstruction of external iliac artery after iatrogenic injury in a child with right-sided oblique inguinal hernia. This complication is casuistic in hernia repair with predominant lesion of anterior vascular wall in most cases. In our patient, there was complete intersection of the vessel accompanied by profuse bleeding. External iliac artery replacement with synthetic graft was performed.

The article explores the economic context of ensuring safe work and the selection of personal protective equipment (PPE) based on the dust factor. Taking into account measurements of production factors at workplaces, using the example of ferroalloy production at the Taraz Metallurgical Plant (Republic of Kazakhstan), it has been determined that the levels of general industrial dust found at certain workplaces (crusher operator, raw material reception and crushing section supervisor, charger, miner, smelter, senior master of the sinter preparation department) significantly exceed the established norms of 4 mg/m³ . As a result of the research, the working conditions of the main occupational groups in ferroalloy production are assessed as harmful and hazardous -Class 3, Degree I. Recommendations are provided for the implementation of a riskoriented approach in ensuring personal protective equipment, as well as the application of a different mechanism for determining the insurance tariff rate based on the class of professional risk, determined by the type of economic activity. This takes into account a new integrated differentiated indicator -professional risk at each workplace.