Rheinmetall (Czechia)

For the study of carved rock art, particular tool materials can only be meaningfully hypothesized, identified, or excluded by combining traceological analyses with an accurate understanding of the physical-mechanical properties of the carved rock as well as knowledge of the available tool materials from an archaeological, material analytical, and experimental point of view. The aim of this study was to identify the tools that were used during the Final Bronze Age-Early Iron Age transition (c. 1200-550 BC) for the carving of western Iberian stelae by comparing the work traces on originals and replications with the same rock supports and the archaeologically identified tool-set. This was achieved by the traceological-technological study and categorisation of the carved lines and motifs, based on the profile sections of the engravings, on a sample of four western Iberian stelae made from granite-aplite, meta-arkoses, and silicate quartz-arenite. All components were replicated according to petrological and metallurgical analyses. This approach, which is based on 3D-scans in combination with GIS and a thorough evaluation of digital data, material analyses, and archaeological data, will be presented here for the first time. The application of GIS and DEM for the analysis of the profile sections of carved ornaments provided analytical and graphical results from 444 profiles, allowing the classification in six different profile typologies. The most striking result is that silicate quartz-arenites cannot be carved with bronze tools and that lithic tools only left superficial traces that are very different from the original stelae from this lithology. Therefore, this particular material, which represents over 20 % of all stelae, could only be carved with hardened steel chisels, while many granitoid and sedimentary rocks could also be carved with lithic tools. • Replica production, traceological analysis, and digital documentation are combined for a novel traceological approach towards rock art. • The most evidence-based work is enabled by using rock characteristics as one of the main criteria for the analysis, • The approach allows for the analyses of carvings without obvious traces from the working edge of the tool and provide information on tool handling. • The method of recording line profile sections generated from DEM's of surfaces can be applied to other fields of rock art studies. • The multi-methodological evidence supports the hypothesis that Iberian stelae from silicate quartz-arenite were carved with hardened steel tools.

Komplementär zur Beschreibung des induktiven Vorgehens in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln stellt dieses Kapitel die deduktive Herangehensweise dar. Es werden also Befundkonstellationen mit deren Differenzialdiagnosen vorgestellt. Im Detail sind dies Musterkonstellationen, die dominant Noduli, Retikulationen, Milchglasverdichtungen, Konsolidierungen, Verkalkungen, Mosaikmuster oder Zysten aufweisen. Die relevanten Kriterien sind tabellarisch geordnet und werden durch die Gegenüberstellung unterschiedlicher Erkrankungen mit ähnlicher Bildmorphologie und Befundverteilung unterlegt. Klinische Gesichtspunkte unterstützen die differenzialdiagnostische Einordnung.

A computer model of thermal fields in bimetal titanium VT1-0 + alloy MN19, formed by laser heating of the surface of the alloy MN19, implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics ® software environment, is presented. It is shown that an increase in the velocity of the laser source can lead to a nonuniform cross-sectional microstructure of the remelting bath due to a decrease in the heating-cooling cycle time. The developed model makes it possible to predict the heating temperature of the material during laser processing, as well as to select its modes.

Topical drug delivery to poorly ventilated paranasal sinuses is challenging. Pulsating aerosols can improve the deposition of drugs like cortisol in paranasal sinuses. The current study compares the effect of Budesonid administered as pulsating aerosol in comparison to conventional nasal spray

Abstract Die DB Energie GmbH betreibt in Deutschland mit ca. 7700 km Gesamtlänge das Hochspannungs‐Bahnstromnetz und gewährleistet dadurch die sichere Energieversorgung der elektrifizierten Streckenabschnitte im deutschen Schienennetz. Im Auftrag der DB Energie und als Spezialist für Planungsleistungen von Hoch‐ und Höchstspannungsfreileitungen übernimmt das Technikzentrum der Omexom Hochspannung GmbH die technische und genehmigungsrechtliche Planung im Projekt „Unterwerk (Umspannwerk) Rethen“ und nutzt zur Schaffung der erforderlichen Planungsgrundlagen die Möglichkeit der drohnengestützten 3‐D‐Datenerhebung. Das südlich von Hannover gelegene Unterwerk Rethen dient für mehrere Bahnstromleitungen als Start‐ bzw. Endpunkt und soll umgebaut werden. Dies macht eine Neuplanung der Leitungsansprünge erforderlich. Eine besondere Herausforderung stellen div. Betretungsverbote privater Wegeflurstücke sowie die Beeinflussung der sensiblen Drohnentechnologie durch elektromagnetische Felder dar. Im Rahmen mehrerer Messflüge wurden mithilfe eines speziell für diesen Einsatz konfigurierten Systems insgesamt 1000 hoch aufgelöste Einzelfotos aufgenommen und mittels fotogrammetrischer Auswerteverfahren zu einer 3‐D‐Punktwolke mit ca. 90 Mio. Messpunkten aufbereitet. Zur Validierung der Messgenauigkeit fand an einzelnen Standorten eine terrestrische Verifizierungsmessung statt.

The objective of this research is to study the effects of residual stresses and cold-straightening on the compressive resistance of solid round steel columns. Thermal residual stresses in selected solid round sizes were determined from experimental study, finite element analysis, and previous research. In the experimental investigation, classical boring-out method using water-jet technology was applied on four samples with different diameters. Finite element models were constructed for the determination of thermal reidual stresses for columns with 12 different diameters. The results were then compared with results obtained from a recent study on the predictionof symmetrical residual stresses in solid rounds using X-ray diffraction method. For the non-symmetrical residual stresses arising from cold-straightening, the equation developed by Nitta and Thurlimann was adopted in the finite element modeling to study the effect of non-symmetrical residual stresses on the compressive resistance of solid round steel columns. The Finite Element Analysis has been conducted on different bar diameter (1.5 inch to 12 inch diameter) and length, as well as initial out-of-straightness.

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