Rochester Museum and Science Center

This applied thesis project was undertaken to expand access to the photographer Nickolas Muray’s (1892–1965) celebrity portraits by creating intellectual links between the Richard and Ronay Menschel Library Manuscript Collection and the Department of Photography (DOP) Collection held at George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film, Rochester, New York. The project consisted of two phases: (1) to create item-level descriptions for the published examples of Muray’s celebrity portraits in the Library’s Nickolas Muray Manuscript (Mss) Collection Boxes 125-126 Illustrations, and (2) to revise the DOP catalogue records for the corresponding photographic prints and negatives, and their variants from the same photographic sessions within the museum’s collections management system, The Museum System (TMS). This paper outlines the methodologies behind the project and describes decisions made to expand access to Muray’s celebrity materials in both the manuscript and photographic collections.

Eight species of rodents are described based on previously unreported fossil material from the early Eocene Adobe Town Member of the Washakie Formation of Wyoming. Among these are two new species: the sciuravid Pauromys turnbulli and the cylindrodont Pareumys flynni. The overall rodent fauna consists of twelve species. The greatest change in the rodent fauna is between the lower and middle units of the Adobe Town Member; six species having their last occurrence in the lower unit and three species having their first occurrence in the middle unit. This coincides with the boundary of the Bridgerian and Uintan North American Land Mammal Ages.

When did the League of the Five Nations Iroquois originate? This study presents a new approach to answering this age-old question. Compositional data were collected on ceramics (pottery and smoking pipes) from Seneca and Mohawk sites in an attempt to identify and reconstruct exchange and interaction patterns between these two widely separated League members. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectrometry were employed to collect data on 15 elements. Using pottery as a baseline for each area, pipe data were utilized in a discriminant-function analysis to identify exotic pipes in Seneca assemblages from different time periods. The investigation focused on pipes because they were a probable item of exchange and because the symbolism of pipes and tobacco made smoking an important part of Iroquoian political protocol. Results showed that Mohawk pipes first occurred in Seneca assemblages sometime between A.D. 1590 and A.D. 1605. This is considered likely to reflect the inception of peaceful political relations between these two groups brought about by the final coalescence of the Iroquois Five Nations Confederacy. The approach developed for this study employed nondestructive analytical techniques applied to common classes of ceramic artifacts. As such, the methodology should be broadly applicable to other studies of interaction and exchange in this and other regions.

This paper presents the basic data gathered in a study of plant names, uses, folklore, and cultivation practices among the residents of Tukukan in the central Bontoc region of the northern Philippines. Scientific names and phytogeographic statuses are provided for 325 specimens representing 265 genera and 109 families. In addition to expanding our knowledge of Bontoc ethnobotany, the study has provided insights into past plant use with important implications for understanding agricultural evolution in the region.

Summary and Conclusions A review and discussion of the literature concerning the effects of roentgen irradiation on antibody formation are presented. Also an analysis of current concepts of the relationship of lymphoid tissue and lymphocytes to antibody-production is given. Exposure of rabbits to 250 r whole-body roentgen irradiation results in a marked lymphopenia which lasts 30 to 40 days, and a mild depression of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Injections of antigen 8 hours after exposure to this amount of x-ray elicits an antibody response which is greatly depressed as measured by the titer of circulating antibody. This depressant action of x-ray on antibody formation is of a transient nature; the animals regained their ability to respond normally to antigen injection 40 days after exposure to x-ray. Whether this regained ability to produce antibody can be related to the return of the blood picture to normal cannot be stated. A non-specific “anamnestic response” of the antibody titer could not be elicited by exposure of the rabbits to either 20 r or 250 r whole-body irradiation. Exposure of rabbits to 250 r whole-body roentgen irradiation after the onset of antibody formation, but before a maximal titer is attained, in no way impairs the ability of the irradiated animal to produce circulating antibodies. In spite of marked depression of lymphoid tissue activity, as measured by the level of circulating lymphocytes, antibody-production proceeds at a normal rate, the titers reached being comparable to those of normal rabbits. A brief discussion of the experimental data is presented. It is concluded that the depressant effect of x-ray on antibody production cannot be related entirely to depression of lymphoid tissue. An adequate explanation for the remarkable difference in the effect of x-ray on antibody formation depending upon whether it is given before or after the onset of antibody production is not apparent. It is suggested that reserve sources of tissue must be capable of carrying out antibody formation once it has begun even though the major portion of lymphoid tissue has been damaged.

In the course of its long and eventful prehistory, the territory embraced in the present state of New York was invaded from nearly every direction. For several groups, notably the Iroquois, it was the end of the trail; others sojourned briefly and passed on. In part it was heavily occupied by diverse bands for a considerable period of time. This is especially true of the central and southern sections and of large parts of the Genesee Valley. The latter and the Finger Lakes region, including the Seneca River, are thickly strewn with sites of varying age and size. In one section of the Genesee Valley, just south of Rochester, hardly a knoll is opened without revealing skeletons. Other relatively intensively occupied areas are the Susquehanna drainage, parts of the Mohawk and Hudson valleys and Long Island.

(1931). The Attitude of the American Indian to American Life. Religious Education: Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 111-114.