Rockwool International (Germany)

Monomeric brominated flame retardants often pose risks to the environment. The new group of polymeric flame retardants is claimed to be a safer alternative due to their high molecular weight and persistence by design. Within this publication, the degradation of a commercially widely applied example of this group-the polymer "Polymeric FR"-was studied during UV irradiation and long-term exposure to heat (60 °C) for up to 36 weeks. Both treatments led to a variety of degradation products, which might have potentially adverse environmental effects and an increased mobility compared to the mother polymer. Besides identifying some of the possible degradation products (including for instance 2,4,6-tribromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid), the degradation via UV irradiation, which yields 75 different degradation products, and via heat, which led to significantly less products, was compared. In addition, further parameters like TOC and the concentration of free bromine were studied and it was demonstrated that the used type of water (distilled, reconstituted, and rainwater) does not influence the outcome of the degradation experiments.

Abstract Eine nachhaltige Reduzierung des Heizenergiebedarfs läßt sich unter anderem durch die nachträgliche Dämmung der Außenwände von Altbauten erreichen. Gelegentlich trifft man bzgl. wärmedämmtechnischer Sanierung der Gebäudehülle nur auf zögerliches Interesse seitens der Haus‐ und Wohnungseigner, unter anderem bei konventionellen Sanierungstechniken begründet durch längere Ausführungszeiten und Störungen durch Einrüstung, Baulärm und Schmutz.Innovative, zeitsparende und “störungsarme” Sanierungstechniken, wie die hier beschriebene neuentwickelte Großelement‐Dämmtechnik (GeDt), können neue Impulse für die Durchführung von Dämm‐ und Sanierungsmaßnahmen schaffen.Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde an der Ruhr‐Universität Bochum (Institut für Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau) das Forschungs‐ und Entwicklungsvorhaben “Energiegerechte Außenwandsanierung mit industriellen Vorfertigungstechniken” mit Förderung vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) sowie vier Industriepartnern durchgeführt [1], [2].In diesem Rahmen wurde die GeDt zur rationellen energetischen und nachhaltigen Sanierung bestehender Gebäude in den wichtigsten Grundsätzen entwickelt. Diese Technik sieht den Einsatz geschoßhoher, bis zu ca. 8 m langer Sanierungs‐Großelemente mit entsprechender statischer, bauphysikalischer und montagetechnischer Auslegung vor. Hierfür wurden Befestigungssysteme – Punktbefestiger und Schienenbefestiger – zur Applikation der Großelemente an einer vorhandenen Gebäudefassade konstruiert und erprobt. Die werkseitige Vorfertigung der großformatigen Sanierungselemente und deren paßgenaue Montage setzte zusätzlich die Entwicklung eines berührungslosen Meß‐, Aufnahme‐ und Abstecksystems voraus, welches separat an der Ruhr‐Universität Bochum (Geodäsie im Bauwesen) entwickelt wurde.Aufgrund der großen Abmessungen sowie systemspezifischer Details der Sanierungselemente mußten außerdem geeignete Montage‐ und Transporthilfen entwickelt werden.

Abstract The large mass method is used to obtain the total dynamic response of structures using excitations prescribed at base points. This paper presents the concepts and application of the method derived and used in the analysis of Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) structures. The theory and limitations that make the method work are discussed first. The effect on the system responses, including the addition of nonelastic (rigid body and large mass) modes due to the presence of the large masses, is then covered. The resonance concept leads to the establishment of criteria to define the analytic limit of the excitation frequency. The significance of the pseudostatic component and the relationship with the nonelastic modes are investigated in a simple system. The study shows that the frequency ratios, system properties, and the similarity between excitations are key factors to make the pseudostatic term more prominent. Examples with sinusoidal excitation are used to demonstrate the concepts. The method is finally applied in the SSME structures with excitations compiled from engine test data. Results are compared to further demonstrate the concepts and define the future needs for improved test data.

Abstract The prominent theoretical perspective on communication apprehension development focuses on reinforcement patterns of childrens' communication. However, to date, modeling theory remains an untested alternative explanation. The present investigation examined the relative contribution of each theoretical perspective on the development of communication apprehension. Evidence gathered by employing a retrospective approach, indicates that communication apprehension is not acquired through the modeling of parents' communication behaviors. Instead, the reinforcement interpretation of apprehension development was supported. Additional informationNotes on contributorsMichael J. BeattyMichael J. Beatty is an Associate Professor in the Speech Department at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822. Timothy G. Plax is employed at Rockwell International, Downey, CA. Patricia Kearney is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Studies at California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819.Timothy G. Plax:Michael J. Beatty is an Associate Professor in the Speech Department at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822. Timothy G. Plax is employed at Rockwell International, Downey, CA. Patricia Kearney is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Studies at California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819.Patricia KearneyMichael J. Beatty is an Associate Professor in the Speech Department at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822. Timothy G. Plax is employed at Rockwell International, Downey, CA. Patricia Kearney is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Studies at California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819.

This report describes the results of magnetic flux leakage measurements performed on a larger scale in the 40 foot long joint of a 36-inch diameter buried pipe. The instrument was tested in the pipe at speeds of up to 2 feet per second and the pipe contains a wide variety of simulated defects machined into its outer surface at known locations so that the relative sensitivities of various inspection schemes can be accurately intercompared.