Rogers (United States)

In this article, we present Deep-MacroFin, a comprehensive framework designed to solve partial differential equations, with a particular focus on models in continuous time economics. This framework leverages deep learning methodologies, including multilayer perceptrons and the newly developed Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks. It is optimized using economic information encapsulated by Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations and coupled algebraic equations. The application of neural networks holds the promise of accurately resolving high-dimensional problems with fewer computational demands and limitations compared to other numerical methods. The framework can be readily adapted for systems of partial differential equations in high dimensions. Importantly, it offers a more efficient (5 × less CUDA memory and 40 × fewer FLOPs in 100D problems) and user-friendly implementation than existing libraries. We also incorporate a time-stepping scheme to enhance training stability for nonlinear HJB equations, enabling the solution of 50D economic models.

This study examines the impact of fifteen financial indices and crude oil prices on the daily closing prices (DCP) of two major Canadian financial institutions, Sunlife and Manulife, during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as over the period from September 2000 to December 2023. Two Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models and a Simple Linear Regression (SLR) model were applied to the data for each company. The first MLR included the DCP and fifteen indices, while the second included crude oil prices in addition to the indices. The SLR examined the direct relationship between crude oil prices and DCP. Results indicate that the Call Loan interest rate consistently has a positive effect on DCP, while the Telecommunications Services index exerts a negative impact across all models. The Health Care index positively influenced DCP during the COVID-19 pandemic but negatively during the 2008 GFC. Crude oil prices showed a positive relationship with DCP in SLR models, but their effect was moderated in MLR analyses. The findings reveal that sectoral indices, loan interest rates, and crude oil prices play a crucial role in shaping the resilience of financial institutions during crises, and firms should integrate these indicators into their portfolio management and risk reduction strategies.

The manufacturing industry is a lifeline, essential for producing goods that sustain human life and support modern economies, yet it carries significant environmental burdens, depletes valuable resources, and can pose human hazards. Lean Six Sigma (LS

Multireference perturbation theory methods, such as complete active space second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2), are often employed to recover the missing electron correlation from multiconfigurational zeroth-order wave functions. Here, we introduce the data-driven CASPT2 (DDCASPT2) method to capture dynamic electron correlation using features generated from lower-level electronic structure methods, such as Hartree-Fock and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) theory. We examine the effects of system size, basis set size, and the number of two-electron excitations using a small, but diverse, set of molecules. We also provide insights into our physics-based feature set using SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) analysis, a feature analysis method based on cooperative game theory. In this paper, we utilize these insights to introduce a DDCASPT2 method, which provides a machine-learning-based alternative to traditional single- and multistate CASPT2 for capturing dynamical electron correlation with near-CASPT2 quality accuracy.

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 (eCO2R) offers a route to one- and two-carbon (C1/C2) intermediates, and these can serve as lower-carbon-intensity feedstocks for the biobased synthesis of C3+ products. We evaluate the energy inputs for ∼1000 cases of the integrated system, considering 9 intermediates and 50+ bioproducts. The most energetically compelling options include aerobic bioconversion of C2 intermediates or methanol to more oxidized products. As an intermediate, ethanol provides the highest overall bioproduction mass yield among candidate substrates, with over 25% of the products having a mass yield greater than one. For fuels, the anaerobic bioconversion of methanol and CO each appear promising, with energy inputs in the range of 40–60 GJ/ton. We find that the recycling of CO2 generated during bioproduction is optimal when CO2 capture costs for eCO2R exceed the separation costs of the bioreactor gas stream. Overall, this analysis points to privileged {intermediate, product} pairings in such integrated systems.

The health benefits of older adult physical activity are well established. Regrettably, the number of physically active US older adults (OA) declines with age. Only 7% of OA 80+ yrs and 17% of OA aged 65-69 meet ACSM guidelines for aerobic, strength and balance activities. Within these, medically underserved (MU) OA 65+ are 2 times less likely than their well-served (WS) peers to meet ACSM recommendations (16% vs 32%, respectively). PURPOSE: To compare MU and WS OA functional fitness before and after a WellREP intervention. METHOD: MU (N = 18) and WS (N = 18) groups completed a 12 wk, 50 min, 2d•wk multi-component training program (flexibility, strength, balance, and aerobic). A WS waitlist (N = 15) was the control (C). The Senior Fitness Test (Chair Stand, Arm Curl, Sit and Reach, Up & Go, Scratch Test, 12-min Walk) was used to assess program effectiveness. RESULTS: No age difference was observed between groups (M = 77 + 3 yrs). BASELINE. A one-way ANOVA revealed significant baseline differences (p < 0.05) between groups for all measures except flexibility. Follow-up multiple comparisons indicated differences between MU and both WS and C. No difference existed between WS and C. Baseline pairwise comparisons of MU and WS groups indicated WS performed significantly more chair stands (16%) and arm curls (13%); and completed the Up-&-Go (10%) and 12-min Walk (23%) more quickly. INTERVENTION. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed group x time interactions (p < 0.05) on all measures except flexibility. Significant improvements were observed between MU and C: Chair Stand 42%, Arm Curl 31%, Up-&-Go 13%, 12-min Walk 9%; and WS and C: Chair Stand 35%, Arm Curl 26%; Up-&-Go 8%; 12-min Walk 14%. Post-intervention differences between MU and WS were reduced to one measure, 12-min Walk (16%). C did not change. CONCLUSION: Similar to the physical activity literature, lower baseline functional fitness was observed in MU OA as compared to WS OA. However, following a WellREP intervention, MU OA outperformed the C and reduced initial WS between group differences on all measures except the 12-min walk. The promotion of physical activity to older adults is a public health priority. This study suggests that, given the opportunity, medically underserved older adults can reach fitness levels comparable to their well-served peers.

Background: Diagnosing urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with impaired communication is challenging due to reliance on subjective symptoms. This study compared diagnostic criteria fulfillment, the results of urine testing, and antibiotic use for atypical UTI symptoms between verbal patients and those with impaired communication in a long-term care (LTC) setting.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we retrospectively analyzed 127 urinalyses and urine cultures ordered between January 1 and December 31, 2023, from 83 patients in an LTC facility in New York, USA. Data included demographics, comorbidities, reasons for urinalysis, results, and antibiotic use. We assessed the adherence to Loeb's diagnostic and treatment criteria and the updated McGeer criteria.Results: Patient background characteristics did not differ significantly between groups. Among non-catheterized patients, verbal patients were significantly more likely to meet the Loeb diagnostic criteria (54.7% vs 20.8%, p=0.005), Loeb treatment criteria (42.2% vs 12.5%, p=0.009), and updated McGeer criteria (50.0% vs 20.8%, p=0.014), while rates of pyuria (90.5% vs 83.3%, p=0.435) and positive urine culture (75.0% vs 66.7%, p=0.434) did not differ. These findings suggest a higher prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients with impaired communication. Among catheterized patients, there were no significant differences between groups in meeting diagnostic criteria. Antibiotics were prescribed for over 90% of patients in both groups whose urine samples were collected.Conclusions: Patients with impaired communication are less likely to meet established UTI diagnostic criteria despite similar urine test positivity, indicating possible overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Further research is needed to develop and implement a modified diagnostic algorithm tailored to the unique clinical presentation of LTC residents with impaired communication. High antibiotic prescription rates emphasize the need to reduce unnecessary tests to minimize inappropriate antibiotic use.