Rohm (Germany)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention created the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) for the purpose of allocating resources in times of emergency based on social determinants of health (SDOH). The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate how the SVI tool has been applied in health care literature focused on health in the United States (US). A systematic literature review was conducted in 7 research databases with an 11-year time frame reflecting the launch of SVI, with the last search completed on September 29, 2022. Studies were included that involved humans, health, SVI, and conducted in the US. Articles were excluded if the SVI was used in COVID-19, disaster, pandemic, environment, or hazards. A total of 47 articles were included in the systematic review. The majority of studies analyzed individual/population health outcomes in clinical, surgical, mortality, or health promotion areas. The majority of studies showed a relationship between neighborhood-level SDOH and health outcomes. Study authors reported strengths, limitations, and recommendations of the SVI tool. A potential limitation of the study was the exclusion of studies that used the SVI related to disaster. The SVI represents a powerful tool to assess neighborhood-level SDOH and examine upstream drivers health outcomes with direct implications for research, policy, and practice.

Abstract The functional architecture of the long-lived neuronal microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is maintained by various MT-associated proteins (MAPs), most of which are known to bind to the MT outer surface. However, electron microscopy (EM) has long ago revealed the presence of particles inside the lumens of neuronal MTs, of yet unknown identity and function. Here, we use cryogenic electron tomography (cryo-ET) to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) structures and organizations of MT lumenal particles in primary hippocampal neurons, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and pluripotent P19 cells. We obtain in-cell 3D maps of several lumenal particles from the respective cells and detect structural features that are common to all cell-types, underscoring their potential overarching functions. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics combined with structural modeling suggests a subset of lumenal particles could be tubulin-binding cofactors (TBCs) bound to tubulin monomers. A different subset of smaller particles, which remains unidentified, exhibits densities that bridge across the MT protofilaments. We show that increased lumenal particle concentration within MTs is concomitant with neuronal differentiation and correlates with higher MT curvatures. Enrichment of lumenal particles around MT lattice defects and at freshly polymerized MT open-ends suggest a MT protective role. Together with the identified structural resemblance of a subset of particles to TBCs, these results hint at a role in local tubulin proteostasis for the maintenance of long-lived neuronal MTs.

In diesem dritten Zugang der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der inklusive Mathematikunterricht im Sinne des gemeinsamen Lernens als sozial-interaktives Geschehen betrachtet, an dem die Lernenden an einem substanziellen fachlichen Inhalt partizipieren. Mit einer interaktionistischen konstruktivistischen Perspektive wird gemeinsames Lernen von mindestens zwei Personen als Ko-Konstruktion in Interaktionsprozessen betrachtet, in denen sich das Thema der Interaktion entfaltet. Die produktive bzw. rezeptive Partizipation von Lernenden an solchen Ko-Konstruktionen wird im Anschluss fokussiert und diesbezugliche Studienergebnisse in den Blick genommen. Das Kapitel schliest mit Folgerungen fur die Studie dieser Arbeit im dargestellten interaktionistischen Rahmen.

Abstract In the course of the miniaturization and compaction of components and assemblies of components, the application of metallographic target preparation methods has seen a noticeable boost in recent years – not just in electronics industry but also in other industries and in the field of quality assurance in general. In this context, methods are as manifold and diverse as there are possible targets. Besides the classical method, that is progressive hand grinding accompanied by constant visual checks, more and more semi-automatic and automatic systems or aids are used, aiming at rendering the preparation process more user-independent, more effective, and more reproducible. The replication “target preparation” of the DGM working group aims at illustrating common target preparation methods in the field of materialography and at comparing these methods in terms of preparation effort and accuracy by means of typical samples. Besides reaching the target levels, the focus was also on preparation quality. As samples of electronic components/assemblies usually provide all possibilities of combinations of materials and as such impose higher requirements in terms on the preparation as for homogenous materials, they were chosen as test material. Evaluating the test results revealed the entire range of applied methods with comparable resulting accuracy, but partially differing qualitative results and different levels of effort. Procedures during these preparations resemble each other and as a result of the test, recommendations could be made for target preparation in general.

SUMMARYThis double‐blind one‐year study compares the long‐term efficacy and safety of nimesulide with naproxen in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee or hip. Patients were randomised to nimesulide 100 mg twice daily (n=183) or naproxen 250 mg morning, 500 mg evening (n=187). The primary efficacy variable was change in pain intensity (WOMAC A scale) at 6 months. Nimesulide tablets showed at least equivalent efficacy to naproxen tablets in reducing pain intensity at 6 and 12 months (nimesulide ‐22.5% at 6 and 12 months; naproxen ‐22.4% at 6 months, ‐19.9% at 12 months; non‐inferiority proven). At 6 months the investigator assessed efficacy as ‘good’ or ‘excellent’ in 59.3% of nimesulide and 56.4% of naproxen‐treated patients, with corresponding values for patient assessment of 57% and 52.7%. Both treatments were well tolerated, with fewer related gastrointestinal adverse events reported with nimesulide (77 cases, 47.5%) than with naproxen (96 cases, 54.5%). This study shows nimesulide to be as effective as naproxen in the long‐term treatment of OA and to be associated with fewer gastrointestinal side‐effects.

The micromechanical deformation behavior of transparent rubber-toughened poly(methylmethacrylate) (RTPMMA) was investigated by electron microscopy. With increasing volume fraction of particles (from 4 vol% to 35 vol%) RTPMMA showed a transition of deformation mode from brittle to ductile. In both cases the particles deform through fibrillized cavitation processes. The dominant toughening mechanism in the specimen containing 4 vol% particles was multiple crazing triggered by fibrillized cavitated particles, whereas in the specimen with 35 vol% particles the specimen deformed by shear flow of matrix material between the fibrillized particles. From the results of an in situ deformation test in high-voltage electron microscopy it can be deduced that interparticle distance plays decisive role on the transition of deformation mode. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract Statistical and block copolymers of decyl (DMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were synthesized via group transfer polymerization (GTP) and characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and gradient HPLC. For HPLC a normal‐phase solvent gradient of isooctane and THF was used; the chromatograms were recorded by evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). The block copolymers were shown to contain substantial amounts of precursor homopolymer by gradient elution, even in those cases where SEC furnished a perfectly monomodal molecular weight distribution (MWD). Comparison of the respective HPLC elution characteristics demonstrated that block copolymers are more strongly retained than statistical copolymers of identical composition. Whereas the latter are eluted according to chemical composition, the elution of the block copolymers seems to be controlled by the length of the poly(MMA) block.