Rosgeo (Russia)

A comprehensive study of the effect of elastic anisotropy on hydraulic fracturing was conducted in tight sandstone reservoir of Field X. The main goal of the research was to identify the most effective hydraulic fracturing technology to enhance production and mitigate risks of increased water cut in tight reservoir. The reservoir comprises several hydro-dynamically isolated zones (tight sandstones; permeability is less than 0.3 mD). Sandstones are isolated by a highly laminated and anisotropic shale layer, which plays a major role in hydraulic fracture design. A lack of information about shale anisotropy may result in underestimation of stress barriers and subsequent errors in fracture geometry modeling. In order to understand the evolution of fracture growth and, as a consequence, define an appropriate fracturing technology, an anisotropy analysis was performed. The model of shale anisotropy was based on cross-dipole acoustic data and core measurements of elastic static and dynamic properties. To validate the geomechanical model and fracture geometry, a geophysical survey was performed before and after fracturing. A comprehensive well study included sonic logging data in the open hole before and after hydraulic stimulation, thermometry after mini-fracturing and after the main stage of hydraulic fracturing, pulsed neutron gamma ray imaging (NRT—non-radioactive proppant), and a complex study of VTI anisotropy. Based on measurements during the diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT) and fracture calibration test (FCT), the minimum stress and fracture geometry were validated. Strong anisotropy in the shale layer leads to high minimum horizontal stress, and as a result, the fracture is placed in one zone and doesn’t propagate through the shale layer. The modeled fracture geometry is in good agreement with geophysical measurements of fracture height. In addition, changes in fracture width due to the influence of hoop stresses and reduction of bottomhole pressure was estimated. An aggressive reduction in bottomhole pressure has a negative effect on fracture width nearby the borehole. A model to estimate this effect was developed in this study.

The twenty-first century saw the emergence and rapid development of fundamentally new technologies: Digitalisation with the increasing role of Artificial Intelligence, the energy transition, which necessitated renewable energy sources, the hydrogen economy; the battery revolution, electric cars. This required a dramatic increase in the extraction of minerals such as lithium, cobalt, manganese, graphite, rare earth metals. Active search for a fundamentally new mineral – natural hydrogen – began.

To assess the conditions for the formation and distribution of various types of traps and hydrocarbon deposits in the Black Sea -Caspian region: oil and gas geological characteristics of more than 670 offshore and continental deposits in Russia and abroad were used.The selection and generalization of the analyzed characteristics were carried out on the basis of ideas about the types of traps and hydrocarbon deposits in general and in relation to the Black Sea -Caspian region.In accordance with the definitions and characteristics of some types of traps and deposits, as well as data on deposits of different fluid composition and age of the host strata in the region, the whole set of analyzed characteristics reflecting the belonging of the deposit to a particular class is distributed in relation to two factors -structural and sedimentation (lithological-stratigraphic).It is shown that the largest number of deposits of different composition is associated with the newest (44%) and Alpine (about 40%) tectonic-sedimentation cycles and that the gas and condensate phases of the fluid composition significantly prevail in the fields of the western (Black Sea and Pont) half of the region, and oil -in its eastern (Caspian -about Caspian) one.

Abstract During the recent exploration of the Monchegorsk ore district (MOD) in the Arctic western sector, the platinum potential of known Cu–Ni deposits (Nittis-Kumuzhya-Travyanaya (NKT), Nyud, Ore Horizon 330 (OH330), and Terrasa) has been assessed, and new sulfide PGE–Cu–Ni deposits (Western Nittis) and manifestations (Moroshkovoe Ozero, Poaz, and Arvarench), and low-sulfide Pt–Pd deposits (Loipishnyun, Southern Sopcha, and Vuruchuaivench) have been discovered. All of them are confined to Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2.5 Ga) layered intrusions (the Monchegorsk pluton (Monchepluton) and the Monchetundra massif) and are divided into two types according to their structural position: basal, located in the marginal parts of intrusions, and reef-type (stratiform). All types of ores show Pd specialization. Platinum group minerals (PGM) have a limited composition in sulfide PGE–Cu–Ni ores and are represented by predominant Pt and Pd compounds with Bi and Te and subordinate PGE arsenides and sulfides. Low-sulfide Pt–Pd ores are characterized by a significant variety of PGM, with a predominance of PGE sulfides, bismuthide-tellurides, and arsenides. Sulfide PGE–Cu–Ni deposits and manifestations (Western Nittis, NKT, Nyud, Moroshkovoe Ozero, Poaz, and Arvarench) formed through the accumulation of base metal sulfides and PGE in immiscible sulfides and their subsequent segregation in commercial contents. The reef-type OH330 deposit and Terrasa manifestation resulted from the injection of additional portions of sulfur-saturated magma. The basal-type low-sulfide Pt–Pd deposits (Loipishnyun and Southern Sopcha) formed from residual melts enriched in ore components and fluids separated and crystallized during long-term oreforming processes. The reef-type Vuruchuaivench deposit is the result of deep fractionation of the parental magma with the formation of a sulfide liquid enriched in Cu and PGE. Significant reserves and large predicted resources of sulfide PGE–Cu–Ni and low-sulfide Pt–Pd ores are a reliable mineral resource base for the development of the mining industry in the Kola region of the Arctic western sector.

Статья содержит авторское представление методологических основ исследования экономической дипломатии России в период современной трансформации международных отношений с описанием модели оценки её возможностей в условиях возмущающего воздействия внешней среды.

The model of geological evolution of an interarc basin, which is the north-east ending of Mid Kuril trough located on the continental slope of Kuril-Kamchatka trench, was constructed. Seismic facies analysis was first applied to define sedimentation conditions in a deep water trench. The analysis was based on the 2D CDP reflection seismic data obtained by Dalmorneftegeophysica JSC in 2014. According to the modeling results, the basin began to form in the Late Cretaceous and passed several stages. Initial subsidence of a local crust area of the incipient basin changed over to its further separation from the adjacent waters of the Sea of Okhotsk and Pacific Ocean by various volcanic formations framing its contour. The basin waters and the Pacific Ocean waters merged as a result of subsidence and submersion of volcanic structures on the east basin framing at the final stage during the Oligocene-Middle Miocene. This subsidence is directly related to the global processes associated with Kuril-Kamchatka ocean trench appearance such as inherent crust subsidence along valley bottom line accompanied by increase in inclination angle of its flanks. It was concluded that the trench origination time approximately corresponds to the Oligocene-Middle Miocene boundary.

Summary The need for development of a new petrogeological model of Far East seas or deep updating of the existing one is substantiated by systematic lack of positive commercial results of geological exploration beyond the Amur Paleodelta. It is discussed that specific factors of Mesozoic-Cenozoic geology and geodynamics in some way affecting hydrocarbon potential forming in the Far East Region should be necessarily taken into account in these models.