Roshydromet

The article is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Professor V.B. Issurin, who is the author of a multi-purpose block model of periodization. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the characteristics of traditional and block periodization of training, both original models and their modifications in various types of wrestling. Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological publications, observations, analysis of documents, semi-structured interviews, as well as analysis of our own many years of experience in planning training for highly qualified athletes were used. Research results and conclusions. The key conceptual points of the three most well-known models of periodization of training have been studied: traditional, concentrated unidirectional and multi-purpose block models, and their modifications in various types of wrestling have been characterized. Based on data on the effectiveness of each model and the characteristics of the modern international calendar, the possibilities of using these models in judo, sambo, and Greco-Roman wrestling were determined. A natural evolution of periodization from the traditional to the multi-purpose block model has been revealed. The modern calendar with a large number of international judo tournaments facilitates this transition to a greater extent. In sambo, Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling, the international calendar includes a smaller number of tournaments, so both block and traditional periodization can be used. A specific feature of wrestling is the use of mesocycles with a less concentrated sparring load and with a more concentrated sparring load in all studied models.

ESA’s EarthCARE satellite mission launched in May 2024 and carrying Atmospheric LIDar (ATLID) provides high-resolution vertical profiling of aerosols and clouds at 355 nm. Fully operational since August 2024, ATLID has been witness to a significant perturbation of stratospheric aerosol budget following the eruptions of Ruang volcano (Indonesia) in late April 2024 as well as to a major panboreal outbreak of wildfire-generated pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) events in Canada and Siberia in late May 2025 that had a hemisphere-scale impact on stratospheric aerosol loading and composition. Using ATLID L1B data together with limb-viewing satellite observations (OMPS-LP and SAGE III), we quantify the stratospheric aerosol perturbations generated by these events, characterize the long-range transport of volcanic and smoke aerosols and contrast their optical properties and dynamical evolution. To evaluate the ATLID performance in the stratosphere, its data are compared with collocated lidar observations at various locations in both hemispheres and overpass-coordinated balloon flights in France carrying in situ aerosol sensors. The intercomparison with suborbital observations suggests excellent performance of ATLID in the stratosphere and proves its capacity to accurately resolve fine structures in the vertical distribution of stratospheric aerosols.ATLID observations of the global progression of volcanic and wildfire aerosols align closely with those from OMPS-LP and SAGE III, while uniquely providing continuous coverage through polar night. We show that Ruang aerosols were subject to an unusually massive isentropic transport into the southern extratropics and were most probably entrained by the 2025 Antarctic polar vortex, potentially enhancing the polar stratospheric cloud occurrence and Antarctic ozone hole.The stratospheric aftermath of the 2025 panboreal wildfire outbreak (POW) was characterized through a synergy of ATLID and ground-based lidar observations within ACTRIS and NDACC networks. The lidar measurements consistently report record-breaking values of stratospheric aerosol backscatter and AOD during the passage of the most intense Canadian pyroCb plume. This plume displayed a pronounced warm anomaly, linked to strong solar absorption by black carbon, and underwent diabatic self-lofting from ~13 km to 20 km altitude. ATLID further indicates that smoke aerosols dispersed across the northern extratropical stratosphere and may have penetrated into the tropics.

The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to improve the regulatory framework for organizing dental care, taking into account international experience and modern requirements for the quality, safety, and efficiency of medical services. In the context of active integration of national healthcare systems and the expansion of international cooperation, the comparative study of approaches to the regulation of medical activities acquires special importance. The use of a comparative approach makes it possible to identify patterns in the formation of legal norms, analyze the strengths and weaknesses of different management models, and assess their adaptability to epidemiological challenges, technological innovations, and the dynamically changing needs of the population. Materials and Methods. The study used the comparative legal method applied to the analysis of key regulatory documents governing the organization of dental care in Russia and China. The materials analyzed included Orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 786n of July 31, 2020 “On the approval of the procedure for providing medical care to the adult population for dental diseases,” and No. 83n of February 10, 2016 “On the approval of disinfection procedures,” as well as certain provisions of the sanitary rules (SanPiN). The Chinese sources included the Basic Standards for Clinics (2022), the WS/T 842-2024 Infection Management Standard, and the T/CHSA-023-2023 Guideline. This methodological approach ensured an objective assessment of the structural and functional similarities and differences between the regulatory systems. The analysis revealed differences in the degree of formalization, level of detail, and regulatory priorities. The Russian system is characterized by strict standardization and detailed staffing regulations, which ensure manageability and stability. The Chinese model focuses on infection prevention, sanitary control, and flexibility in the implementation of requirements. The obtained results make it possible to outline directions for harmonization and identify opportunities for the mutual adoption of effective regulatory practices.

While urban parents possess a foundational awareness of adolescent depression and anxiety, a significant gap between their conceptual knowledge and practical communication skills creates confusion and inconsistent support. The research aims to assess the level of parents' knowledge about adolescent mental health disorders, identify the extent of their confusion regarding sudden behavioral changes, and evaluate the supportive practices they employ to help their children cope. Based on a survey of 320 parents in Dhaka, the study found a moderate-to-high level of conceptual knowledge (M = 3.66) but significant gaps in practical help-seeking and communication confidence. Parents reported moderate levels of confusion (M = 3.42), particularly in distinguishing normal adolescent development from clinical distress. While overall support was moderate (M = 3.58), a meaningful minority of parents admitted to maladaptive responses, such as shouting, criticizing, or avoiding emotional discussions. The findings suggest a "practice-action discrepancy" where conceptual awareness does not translate into effective support. There is an urgent need for parenting counselors to shift focus from general awareness to applied skills training, including emotional first aid, role-playing for difficult conversations, and providing clear pathways for professional mental health resources.

The article is dedicated to the study of the linguopragmatic features of the functioning of precedent phenomena in military advertising discourse. The object of the research is military advertising discourse as a special communicative sphere characterized by a high degree of influencing potential and specific mechanisms for manipulating the collective memory of the target audience, while the subject is the linguopragmatic characteristics of precedent phenomena in military advertising texts. The author examines in detail aspects such as the typology of precedent phenomena (universal, national, socially-precedent), their verbalization mechanisms, and ways of actualization in advertising discourse, as well as the semiotic features of the functioning of precedent units in the context of military identity formation. Special attention is given to analyzing the pragmatic functions of appeals to biblical texts, national cultural symbols, and corporate formulas of the military society in the process of constructing the image of a serviceman and motivating military service. The research is based on the texts of recruiting videos of the U.S. Army series "Be All You Can Be" (2024–2025) and the advertising campaign of special forces "Generation" (2025). The analysis was carried out using intertextual analysis, contextual analysis, and functional-semantic description of precedent units. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it is the first attempt at a comprehensive linguopragmatic analysis of precedent phenomena in military advertising discourse considering their typological characteristics, functional specificity, and modes of verbalization. The results of the study showed that the appeal to precedent phenomena serves as a key mechanism of linguopragmatic influence in military advertising. The main pragmatic functions of precedent phenomena were identified: the sacralization of military labor through appeals to biblical texts, the construction of historical continuity through references to key events in national history, the legitimation of military service through links to documents of statehood, and the formation of an elite image of the military society through socially-precedent phenomena. It was established that precedent phenomena in military advertising predominantly function in the form of implicit allusions, aimed at the cultural competence of the recipient and activating the collective memory of the national-linguistic and professional communities.

Abstract This study analyzes long-term changes in minimal streamflow in the Zhaiyk-Caspian Water Management Basin (WMB), Western Kazakhstan, under climate variability. Using extensive hydrometeorological datasets (monthly discharge and daily meteorological records) from 1940 to 2021, the research assesses trends in low-flow characteristics across 18 hydrological posts. The analysis distinguishes two climatic periods: climate stabilization (pre-1973) and climate change (1974–2021). The methodology integrates hydrological and statistical analyses, including minimal monthly discharges, low-flow durations, soil freezing depths, and thaw frequencies. Findings reveal a widespread increase in winter low flows—up to 5.2 times—due to reduced frost depths and more frequent thaw events, enhancing groundwater contributions. Conversely, summer-autumn flows declined in several rivers, with drying trends linked to rising air temperatures and precipitation deficits. This study offers a novel, regionally adapted methodology for characterizing minimal streamflow under climate change, providing critical insights for hydrological drought assessment and water resource planning in arid and semi-arid environments.

In order to study the evolution of atmospheric tides, model simulations of the general atmospheric circulation were carried out using a 3-dimensional nonlinear mechanistic model “MUAM”. The following are considered as natural tropical oscillations: the quasi-biennial oscillation of the equatorial zonal wind (QBO) in the stratosphere and the El Ni˜no Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Changes in tidal amplitudes are analyzed at three 10-day time intervals before, during and after a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). Composite SSWs consisting of 6 events within the calculation ensembles are considered for each QBO/ENSO combination. Migrating and non-migrating diurnal and semi-diurnal tides with zonal wave numbers 1 and 2 are studied. Numerical experiments have shown in particular, that the structure of tides is susceptible to the effects of SSW, while during SSWs the amplitudes of tides for different combinations of QBO – ENSO change differently. For example, during El Ni˜no and the easterly QBO phase, there is a noticeable weakening of the diurnal migrating tide during the SSW, while during La Ni˜na and the easterly QBO phase, on the contrary, the amplitude of the diurnal tide increases during the event, and after the SSW it weakens. Analysis of numerical experiments confirms existing ideas about significant variability of tides during SSW and demonstrates the most important source of this variability associated with combinations of QBO-ENSO dynamic effects.