Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology

Relevance. Rotavirus infection remains epidemiologically and economically significant to this day. Aim. To evaluate the preventive effectiveness of the rotavirus vaccine in the vaccination of young children. Materials and methods. This article presents a comparative analysis of rotavirus enteritis incidence across different age groups in the municipal district of «Berezniki City» during the pre-mass vaccination (2010–2018) and mass vaccination (2019–2024) periods. The comparison region was the Kudymkarsky Municipal District, where rotavirus immunization was not implemented. Results and discussion. The findings demonstrate a significant decrease in rotavirus enteritis incidence among residents of the «Berezniki City» municipal district during the mass vaccination period compared to the pre-vaccination era, confirming the high preventive efficacy of rotavirus enteritis immunization. Conclusion. The obtained data support the necessity of introducing mass vaccination against rotavirus infection in first-year infants within specific regions as the most effective tool for reducing morbidity and improving the epidemiological situation.

Objective : to analyze epizootic and epidemic manifestations of naturally occurring focal infections (tularemia, ixodes tick-borne borelliosis, West Nile fever, Crimean hemorrhagic fever, Q-fever, leptospirosis, yersiniosis, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome) in the Rostov region in 2024. Materials and methods : the studies were conducted in accordance with current regulatory documents. The objects of the study were small mammals, birds, blood-sucking arthropods, environmental objects, and donor blood serum. Studies to find antigens of infectious disease pathogens were conducted using solid-phase ELISA and PCR. Results : The nosological profile of natural focal infections has been determined, which includes six main nosological units: West Nile fever; Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis, Q-fever, Crimean hemorrhagic fever, leptospirosis and tularemia. In a crosssectional seromonitoring study, 754 residual blood serum samples from a conditionally healthy population were tested for the pathogens of the studied infections. As a result of comprehensive epizootological studies, a modern range of small mammals has been established, consisting of 12 species of rodents and insectivores. Conclusion : The analysis of the epidemiological situation in 2024 confirmed the presence of natural foci of dangerous infectious diseases in the Rostov region.

Introduction. The relevance of this study is due to sanitary and hygienic risks associated with anthropogenic pollution of surface waters, especially in sanitary protection zones (SPZ) of drinking water sources. Disruption of the thermal regime of water bodies promotes the growth of pathogenic microflora. The use of infrared thermography as a remote monitoring method can significantly improve the efficiency of sanitary and hygienic water monitoring.Objective. To substantiate and test a method for detecting unauthorized wastewater discharge into surface watercourses using thermal imaging equipment with subsequent bacteriological verification.Materials and methods. The study used thermograms and water samples from the coastal zone of the Don River within sanitary protection zones (SPZ) boundaries. Thermal imaging was conducted using portable and remote devices, including the Doogee V20 Pro (InfiRay) and DJI Mavic 3 Thermal. Bacteriological analysis (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis) was carried out in accordance with MU 4.2.3690–21, while sample transport and storage followed GOST R 59024–2020. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test (p < 0.05).Results. Thermal inspection of the Don River delta revealed coastal areas where water temperature exceeded background levels by ≥3 °C. These locations showed more than fivefold exceedances of total coliforms, E. coli, and E. faecalis concentrations. The calculated expanded uncertainty (±0.85 °C, p = 95%) confirmed the reliability of these differences. A correlation was found between thermal anomalies and microbiological indicators, indicating two likely sources of unauthorized discharge.Limitations. The developed approach allows identifying potential sources of unauthorized wastewater discharge into surface waters associated with sanitary and bacteriological exceeds.Conclusion. The practical value of infrared thermography has been confirmed by field studies. The method proved effective as an auxiliary tool for the rapid detection of unauthorized discharges and enhancing the effectiveness of sanitary and hygienic water monitoring.Compliance with ethical standards. The study did not require approval from a biomedical ethics committee or other documentation.Contributions: Kalyuzhin A.S. – study design, data analysis, manuscript writing, manuscript editing; Morozova M.A. – study design, manuscript editing; Zamaraev V.S. – manuscript editing; Sinitsyna O.O. – data analysis, manuscript writing, manuscript editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: June 17, 2025 / Revised: July 22, 2025 / Accepted: October 15, 2025 / Published: November 14, 2025

Bats (Chiroptera) are the second most diverse order of mammals after rodents, which ensures their key role in the functioning of ecosystems. The microbiota of bats, especially the bacterial one, is poorly studied, which does not allow an accurate assessment of the role of bats in global microbial ecology. In this study, we determined the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota of the common noctule (Nyctalus noctula) in Rostov-on-Don using bacteriological analysis and metagenomic sequencing of the V3-V4 16S rRNA gene. As a result, we found that microbial diversity determined using metagenomic sequencing was statistically significantly higher (p 0.001) compared to the bacteriological method. However, mass spectrometric identification of bacterial isolates made it possible to determine their species, while the sensitivity of the metagenomic sequencing protocol used is limited to reliable identification of bacteria to genus rank. Also, bacteria of the genera Enterococcus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Lactococcus, and Latilactobacillus were the most prevalent in the intestinal microbiota of the common noctule. Our study provides the first data on the composition of the cultivated and uncultivated microbiota of the rufous noctule, which is a fundamental step in the study of the microbiota of synanthropic bats.

Objective: to assess the epidemic situation of echinococcosis in the period 2012–2022 in the endemic territories of the Far Eastern Federal District and South of Russia.Materials and methods: based on the data of the annual statistical reporting forms No. 2 "Information on infectious and parasitic diseases", data from the Reference Center for Monitoring Larval Helminthiasis of Rostov Research Institute Microbiology and Parasitology of Rospotrebnadzor, an analysis of the incidence of echinococcosis in the territories of the Far East and South of Russia in the period 2012–2022 was carried out. For seroepidemiological examination of a conditionally healthy population by the ELISA method, the diagnostic kit "Echinococcus-IgG-ELISA-BEST" (JSC "Vector-Best", Novosibirsk) was used.Results: it is shown that the epidemiological situation of echinococcosis is characterized by pronounced territorial unevenness. In the south of Russia, epidemiological problems with echinococcosis persisted in Kalmykia (0.74–2.19 cases per 100,000 population) and in the Astrakhan region (0.60–1.48 cases per 100,000 population). Among the relatively healthy population, the average seropositivity to E.granulosus antigens in the Far East was 5.8%, in the south of Russia — 2,6%. Conclusions: the data obtained indicate an unfavorable epidemiological situation for echinococcosis in a number of regions of the Far East and South of Russia.

The study was entirely conducted in Basrah province which commenced from early of December 2017 until April 2018. Totally, seventy five samples were collected from the nasal passage of sheep’s that randomly selected from the farms and from the lung and liver of slaughtered sheep at the Al-Qurnah abattoir. Five antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed in order to identify P. multocida. Twenty one isolates (28%) of samples were identified as P. multocida through using selective media (Clindamycin Gentamicin medium). The morphological characterization identification of these bacteria was achieved using additional biochemical tests of Api20NE system. The total isolation was 33.3% from apparently healthy sheep and (40%) from the infected lungs. The frequency of bacterial isolates was found to be slightly greater in female sheep (38%) than in male (29.1%). All isolates were observed to be resistant for three antibiotics comprised ampicillin, bacitracin, and penicillin.

Intro: Effective prevention of outbreaks of healthcare associated infections (HAI) remains one of the most acute problems in medical facilities.One of the infection prevention and control (IPC) measures is the use of effective disinfectants.The aim of the study was to analyze of the effectiveness of disinfection of epidemiologically significant hospital equipment.Methods: During 2019 -2021 we carried out sampling from the same epidemiologically significant items of equipment in a hospital in Rostov-on-Don (156 samples) with an interval of 1 year.The sensitivity of gram-positive flora and non-fermenting bacteria to disinfectants was analyzed.Findings: 108 strains of potential causative agents of HAI were isolated.The dominance of gram-positive microorganisms, represented mainly by the genus Staphylococcus, was identified (from 62.2% to 82.6%).Representatives of nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) (Pseudomonas trivialis, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas veronii, Acinenetobacter lwoffii, Shevanella frigidimarina, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) were identified in 8.7% to 22.25% of samples.An increase in the proportion of Staphylococci at sampling points from 31.1% in 2019 to 55.5% in 2020 was recorded.Further we used the disinfectants with maximum antimicrobial activity.When re-examined in 2021, the proportion of Staphylococcus spp.and NFGNB decreased to 37.% and 8.7%, respectively.The proportion of sterile points (without growth of microorganisms) increased from 24.4% in 2019 to 73.7 in 2021.Discussion: A significant increase in the proportion of Staphylococcus spp. in 2020 possibly associated to the developing of resistance to disinfectants, which were used more than 2 years.NFGNBs also showed a tendency towards the emergence of resistance, their proportion increased in 2020 to 22.2% compared to 17.8% in 2019. Conclusion:The increase in the number of sterile points during the observation period indicates the effectiveness of the disinfection as a part of IPC measures.This was also facilitated by the rotation of disinfectants in 2021 based on the disinfectant activity assessment.

Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, causes abortions in animals. Its effects on humans and the management of Q fever in certain conditions like pregnancy are undetermined. The World Health Organization has estimated that zoonotic diseases cause around one billion cases of infections and millions of deaths globally each year. It is worth noting that many emerging infectious diseases currently being reported worldwide are zoonoses. We reviewed studies reporting on Q fever prevalence and incidence in Europe. Articles from 1937 to 2023 with the following terms "Coxiella burnetii and Europe and Q fever, and seroprevalence studies"were identified in the PubMed database and reports by organizations such as the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). We included randomized and observational studies, seroprevalence studies, case series, and case reports. According to the ECDC in 2019, 23 countries reported 1069 cases, the majority of which were classified as confirmed cases. The number of reports per 100,000 inhabitants in the EU/EEA was 0.2 for 2019, the same as the previous four years. The highest reportrate (0.7 cases per 100,000 population) was observed in Spain, followed by Romania (0.6), Bulgaria (0.5), and Hungary. Considering the typically asymptomatic nature of Q fever infection, it is imperative to strengthen the existing systems to promote the rapid identification and reporting of Q fever outbreaks in animals, particularly in cases of abortion. It is also essential to consider the facilitation of early information exchange between veterinarians and public health counterparts to ensure the timely detection and prevention of potential zoonotic events, including Q fever.

Malaria is a disease that is caused by Plasmodium Sp. And infected by Anopheles mosquitos. Kalimantanis one of endemic places for malaria. Prevalence of malaria is 2-76% depent to the places.Effect ofmalaria to pregnant women can be anemia, renal failure, cerebral oedema and death. Prevamence ofanemia because of malaria in pregnant women is about 3-15%. This research was done by using animalmodel to show malaria in pregnant. Goal of this research was to analyze malaria infection effect tohaemoglobin and haematocrit in pregnant Mus musculus. Research design was experimental usingposttest only with control group design. It consisted of K0 for control (20 samples) and K1 for infectedgroup (19 samples).Pregnant Mus musculus was injected P. berghei to infect plasmodium using 0,2 mlinfected serum intraperioteal in the first day of pregnant. Mus musculus was terminated in 19th day ofpregnant and took cardial blood to examine Hb and Ht of pregnant Mus musculus.The result was Hblevel mean for K0= 12,69 gr/dl and K1=12,832 dr/dl. Mean of Ht for K0=38,070% and K1=38,495%.Statistical anayzes used U-Mann Whitney test, with p value for Hb level was 0,574 and Ht was 0,574.The conclusion was malaria infection could not effect yet to Hb dan Ht level in pregnant Mus musculus.

We analyzed data reflected in the records of the epidemiological screening of cases with echinococcosis in 2019 in some constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It was noted that both rural people and urban residents suffered from the disease equally, while women suffered a little more than men (54.4%). It is found that the most common localization of echinococcal cysts, both in men and women, is the liver (79.5%), and the lesion of the lungs caused by echinococcal cysts (9.1) is in the second place. We presented multiple localization of echinococcal cysts affecting several organs simultaneously to a lesser extent. Two cases of hydatidosis and two cases of multilocular hydatid cyst in the liver were accompanied by a fatal outcome. In some territories, alveococcosis was diagnosed in 14 (8.75%) cases. Contacts with dogs, work on livestock farms, caring for pets, picking wild berries or mushrooms in the forest and eating them without thermal treatment, use of raw river water in housekeeping, eating unwashed vegetables and berries, activities in natural environment, hunting and dressing of wild animals, or failure to observe the rules of personal hygiene have great importance in the spread of this disease among the population, according to epidemiological records.