Ruhrverband (Germany)

Exercise is an effective intervention for preventing low-trauma fractures, but optimized training recommendations for different target groups are not available in terms of the desired level of detail or with the desired practical orientation. The primary aim of this evidence- and consensus-based guideline was, therefore, to derive personalized practice recommendations for effective, safe, and transferable training programs for fracture prevention. The present approach is based on assigning training goals according to the determinants of fracture risk that are relevant to the individual, such as bone strength, fall risk, and risk of fall-related injury. Training protocols for maintaining or improving bone strength should generally include phases of intensive mechanical loading, which can be achieved through weight-bearing exercises and dynamic strength training. The fall risk should be addressed through an individualized combination of balance training, including perturbation training, step training, and interactive cognitive-motor and functional strength training. Simple, low-risk strategies for landing safely during or after afall can be recommended without reservation; however, more demanding falling techniques require close supervision by experienced staff and high safety standards. Ideally, the frequency of training should be three sessions per week across all training goals. We advise (block) periodized approaches with phases of different focus, as well as consistent, individual adaptation and progression throughout the training process.

Abstract Background The widespread use and frequent detection of the herbicide metazachlor (MTZ) in aquatic environments have raised concerns about its impacts on non-target organisms. Despite its regular presence in freshwater ecosystems, the ecotoxicological effects of MTZ on benthic macroinvertebrates are mostly unknown. We investigated the sublethal impacts of two environmentally relevant concentrations of MTZ (5 µg/L and 100 µg/L) on sediment-dwelling larvae of mayfly Ephemera danica, collected from natural habitats over two consecutive years during their critical physiological stage of emergence, while also considering their natural parasite infections. Results We observed a significant increase in the mortality of individuals exposed to MTZ, following two separate ten-day exposure experiments conducted in 2022 and 2023 under controlled conditions. Furthermore, in both trials, MTZ-induced stress responses at the pre-emergence developmental stage resulted in significant decreases in larval glycogen content, while glutathione S-transferase activity increased. Infections of E. danica with microsporidian parasites had no significant impact on the sublethal endpoints; however, the number of infected individuals was low in the different treatment groups (low statistical power). Moreover, microsporidian infection rates in E. danica differed significantly between the two years. Conclusions MTZ affects the survival and biochemical responses of E. danica larvae at field-realistic concentrations, while the varying prevalence of microsporidian infection highlights the potential effects of parasitism on study outcomes. Thereby, we advocate the use of ecologically relevant testing approaches for a better understanding of the ecological implications of herbicides in aquatic ecosystems. Graphical abstract

Synapse formation is a critical step in neuronal development. Current knowledge is largely based on altricial rodents where synapse formation and maturation proceed largely postnatally. In precocially born mammals such as guinea pig presynapse and spine formation start well before birth. Here, we analysed the developmental expression of proteins associated with synapse formation and maturation together with the development of basal dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons of visual and somatosensory cortex of the pig, an emerging translational model for human neurodegenerative disorders. A total of 23 selected proteins was quantified with Western blots. Most were detectable from midgestation embryonal day (E) 65 onwards. About half reached the expression level seen at postnatal day (P) 90 pig already two weeks before birth (gestation 114 days) in somatosensory, albeit not yet in visual cortex. For instance, major molecular components of synaptic plasticity such as GluN2B, CamKIIα, α-actinin-2, synaptopodin and T286 phosphorylated CamKIIα were expressed at E100 in somatosensory cortex. Dendritic spine type quantification with DiI-labeled material revealed an increase of total dendritic protrusions from E70 onwards. The increase was steepest in somatosensory cortex which had, at E110, a proportion of mushroom spines equal to the proportion present at P90. Together, matching the ungulate life history, a rapid development of functional synaptic connectivity in prenatal somatosensory cortex serves the somatomotor abilities essentially required by the newborn nest-fledgling.

Schätzung des katholischen Maßes der Romantik auseinander.

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Studien belegen einen positiven Nutzen von Sport auf Multiple Sklerose (MS). Eine 2014 für Personen mit Multipler Sklerose (PmMS) entwickelte sportorientierte Kompaktschulung (SpoKs) soll den Zugang zu selbstreguliertem sportlichen Training eröffnen. Sie bedient den Mangel an sportorientierten Schulungskonzepten zur Befähigung des selbstregulierten Trainings für MS und wurde bislang durch 3 aufeinanderfolgende Studien unterschiedlicher Designs und Probandenpools evaluiert. Ziel In dieser Umsetzungsstudie soll der Einfluss der SpoKs (von Juni 2017 bis Mai 2019) auf die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit, Fatiguesymptomatik, Depressionsausprägung, Lebensqualität, Ausmaß der Selbstmanagementfähigkeit, Selbstwirksamkeit sportlicher Aktivität und Verständlichkeit aus Probandensicht erhoben werden. Die Daten sollen mit den bereits publizierten Studienergebnissen in Vergleich gesetzt und die Aussagekraft bisheriger Erkenntnisse soll durch Erhöhung der Probandenmenge verbessert werden. Zudem sollen zusätzliche Assessments das Wissen um die Auswirkung der SpoKs erweitern. Methode Das Wochenend-Workshop-Design der SpoKs mit 2 Wochenendschulungen befähigte die Teilnehmenden (n=123) zum anschließenden selbstregulierten Training. Erhebungen fanden am ersten Schulungstag (T0) sowie nach einer Eigentrainingsphase von 12 Wochen (T1) statt. Inhalte der Erhebung waren das Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), der 6-Minuten-Walking-Test (6MWT), der 10-Meter-Walking-Test (10MWT), die Fatigue Scale für Motorik und Kognition (FSMC), die Selbstwirksamkeitsskala bei sportlicher Aktivität (SSA), die Messung der Lebensqualität (MusiQol), die MS-Selbstmanagement-Skala (MSSS), das Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) und der Evaluationsbogen zur Verständlichkeit von Patientenschulungen (COHEP). Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich eine Verbesserung der motorischen Fähigkeiten: FGA=17,95% (p=,001); 6MWT=18,10% (p=,19); 10MWT=5,00% (p=,001) sowie des BDI-II um 21,70% (p=,08). Die MSSS (p=,98) und der FSMC (p=,72) zeigten keine Unterschiede. Reduzierte Werte zeigten die SSA (1,68%) und der MusiQol (2 Punkte). Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie konnten teils zur Bestätigung, aber auch zur kritischen Auseinandersetzung bereits erhobener Daten beitragen. Sie zeigten in Teilaspekten der Erhebung neue Erkenntnisse auf. Das Konzept der SpoKs zeigte positiven Nutzen für die PmMS und wurde von denselben ebenfalls positiv bewertet. Bisherige Ergebnisse sollten über Erhebungen großer Probandengruppen über Langzeiteffekte evaluiert und erweitert werden.

Abstract. The July 2021 flood in central Europe was one of the five costliest disasters in Europe in the last half century, with an estimated total damage of EUR 32 billion. The aim of this study is to analyze and assess the flood within an interdisciplinary approach along its entire process chain: the synoptic setting of the atmospheric pressure fields, the processes causing the high rainfall totals, the extraordinary streamflows and water levels in the affected catchments, the hydro-morphological effects, and the impacts on infrastructure and society. In addition, we address the question of what measures are possible to generate added value to early response management in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. The superposition of several factors resulted in widespread extreme precipitation totals and water levels well beyond a 100-year event: slow propagation of the low pressure system Bernd, convection embedded in a mesoscale precipitation field, unusually moist air masses associated with a significant positive anomaly in sea surface temperature over the Baltic Sea, wet soils, and steep terrain in the affected catchments. Various hydro-morphodynamic processes as well as changes in valley morphology observed during the event exacerbated the impact of the flood. Relevant effects included, among many others, the occurrence of extreme landscape erosion, rapidly evolving erosion and scour processes in the channel network and urban space, recruitment of debris from the natural and urban landscape, and deposition and clogging of bottlenecks in the channel network with eventual collapse. The estimation of inundation areas as well as the derived damage assessments were carried out during or directly after the flood and show the potential of near-real-time forensic disaster analyses for crisis management, emergency personnel on-site, and the provision of relief supplies. This study is part one of a two-paper series. The second part (Ludwig et al., 2022) puts the July 2021 flood into a historical context and into the context of climate change.

<p>The lumped parameter modeling approach has been widely applied in karst hydrology for, among other applications, the understanding of their functioning of the assessment or groundwater availability in a context of global change. Nonetheless, such an approach generally does not account for land-cover land-use (LCLU) changes and their potential impacts on recharge processes. The study focuses on three forests dominated karst catchments: Kerschbaum (Lower Austria), Baget (French Pyrenees) and Oeillal (southern France), and investigates how LCLU changes in a lumped parameter modeling approach can affect both the internal fluxes and the model performance. The active subspace method is used to perform sensitivity analysis of model parameters, and to quantify parameter uncertainty. We show that the consideration of a semi-distributed recharge constitutes a relevant approach to capture the impact of LCLU changes on flow dynamics, but also introduces more uncertainty in the modeling approach. This approach may thus allow identifying the trade-off between modeling approach complexity and its performance. Finally, it gives new insight for the assessment of LCLU changes impacts on karst groundwater resource.</p>