Rural Education and Development

Abstract Climate change's threat to global agriculture, especially cotton production, has led to the adoption of mulching as a mitigation strategy. Organic mulches offer environmentally friendly benefits for cotton in challenging environments. A study evaluated various organic mulches' effects on soil properties, cotton yield, and quality in a semi-arid region with limited water and high temperature fluctuations. Results showed that wheat straw, rice, and sugarcane leaves straw maintained moderate soil temperatures (27.3°C to 27.4°C), unlike the control (41.6°C). Soil pH remained stable (7.9 to 8.1), and organic mulches raised soil carbon (0.68% to 0.72% vs. 0.51% control). Nutrient availability increased, with higher nitrogen (0.045% to 0.049%), phosphorus (6.2 mg kg−1 to 6.5 mg kg−1), and potassium (89 mg kg−1 to 92 mg kg−1) compared to control (0.028%, 5.6 mg kg−1, and 71 mg kg−1). Organic matter content rose (0.77% to 0.81%) versus the control (0.51%). Weed density decreased (4 to 5 weeds m² vs. 23 weeds m² control) with mulches. Cotton height, bolls per plant, and open-boll weight increased with mulches, elevating cotton yield (2704 kg ha−1 to 2743 kg ha−1) over control (2117 kg ha−1), with consistent ginning outturn (36.62% to 37.2%). Cotton quality remained similar, while mulches reduced irrigation frequency (7 irrigations) and total amount (533 mm); control needed more (9 irrigations, 685 mm). Crop water use efficiency improved with mulches (0.50 to 0.51 kg m−3 vs. 0.30 kg m−3 control). This study highlights organic mulch's potential to enhance soil properties, nutrient availability, weed suppression, cotton yield, and water use efficiency.

In the Gulf of Mexico, salt proximity surveys are typically acquired with only a single offset energy source location and a short array of receivers at varying measurement levels. This array is placed in a wellbore with close proximity to a nearby salt body. The result is a single profile of salt exit points that may not fully describe the localized salt structure we are attempting to define. For this project, a salt proximity survey using 13 different source locations was designed and implemented to create a more robust 3D result when compared to the more limited coverage of traditional survey configurations. The initial results and baseline processing solution involved industry standard proven techniques where traveltime variances between a modeled output and measured refracted P wave direct arrival time through the entire velocity field are analyzed. To fully exploit the acquired dataset, this more traditional methodology using direct arrival P wave traveltimes was corroborated by a second set of exit points derived from an alternate processing method using mode converted S wave arrivals from the base of salt. The final outcome was two distinct, and comparable salt exit point results culminating in a high confidence, localized, 3D salt surface that reduced the salt face uncertainty in the area from ±1000 ft to ±100–200 ft to help identify updip attic potential and new drilling opportunities. Presentation Date: Wednesday, September 18, 2019 Session Start Time: 1:50 PM Presentation Time: 4:45 PM Location: 217C Presentation Type: Oral

Summary We describe two interferometry-like processes that can be used to create quasi-3D images of formation details around a well. Like with proper interferometry, the new methods allow large travel time errors accumulated over the up-to more than 50,000 ft travel path from the source to the receiver to be effectively cancelled, making the images only dependent on local velocities. In principle, the local velocities can be extracted from the data themselves, making the processes self-contained.

El artículo reflexiona sobre la construcción de la práctica educativa desde una perspectiva que denominamos interculturalidad experiencial del Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo Rural, en Chiapas. En el aspecto metodológico, la investigación se posiciona en el pensamiento decolonial y en una perspectiva constructivista. Uno de los hallazgos es que lo experiencial se asume como el espacio de intersección entre las distintas dimensiones que conforman la práctica educativa y la cotidianidad del sujeto, y es que en la experiencia están los saberes, emociones, posiciones políticas, expectativas y deseos que contribuyen a la construcción de aprendizajes socioculturalmente significativos. El compromiso del proceso formativo va más allá del espacio áulico; es decir, se presta especial atención al proceso individual y colectivo que los estudiantes van desarrollando a lo largo de su formación y la manera en que sus acciones repercuten en su familia, grupo de trabajo, organización o comunidad. El trabajo concluye que la propuesta educativa de la interculturalidad experiencial (no intencionada en términos curriculares) se propicia y enriquece por las diferentes reflexiones, discusiones, interacciones, contradicciones y dinámicas entre docentes y estudiantes que se construyen en la cotidianidad dentro y fuera del aula y a partir de la vinculación con las comunidades y organizaciones sociales.

The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) is a deep borehole observatory constructed to investigate the source of recurring earthquakes at a specific location on the San Andreas Fault. Numerous geophysical datasets were acquired at the SAFOD site to characterize the subsurface environment. Among these, we collected three independent seismic datasets to characterize the local geologic structure. These datasets include VSP, drill-bit noise, and earthquake recordings. Initially, interferometric deconvolution was applied to the drill-bit noise using Schlumberger patented methods to determine the reference signal from rig-based receivers. Next, it was applied in a modified processing flow to determine the reference signal from downhole receivers. Finally, as a result of the application of the technique to earthquake data, we obtained high resolution imaging of the San Andreas Fault at depths exceeding 2.5 km. In conjunction with the other seismic datasets collected at the site, we interpret the complex system of faults and fractures to constitute a flower structure which is partially exposed at Middle Mountain northeast of the SAFOD site.

I PARTE Creemos que los problemas basicos de salud en Chile (malos habitos sanitarios y alimentarios, desnutricion, abandono de me-nores, alcoholismo, remedierias, trastor-nos conductuales de la infancia y juventud, tuberculosis, enfermedades infecciosas, pa­rasitosis, etc.), no son afrontados por me-canismos adecuados para sus fuentes de ori-gen. Urge crearlos o adaptarlos, aprovechan-do los ya existentes, que indudablemente al-go han hecho, pero que no se han mostrado eficaces, como desearamos, hasta hoy. Pen-samos que en los medios rurales, suburba-nos, o en los llamados marginales, se gene-ran los mayores problemas de salud que son gestados por numerosos factores: educacio-nales, sanitarios, economicos, ambientales y de vivienda; pero son los dos primeros los que a nuestro juicio encadenan a los otros. Sostenemos que si logramos actuar bien en esos terrenos, los demas factores podran ser influidos muy favorablemente. Creemos tambien que las disciplinas m^dicas y para-medicas actuan de momento aisladas y rau-chas veces enfrentadas, creando conflictos, y que no hay una conciencia firme en las auto-ridades de todo tipo sobre medicina comu-nitaria; sostenemos asimismo que la educa-ci6n basica y media no incluyen o soslayan, en sus programas metodos que permitirian capacitarlas para disminuir el problema ge­neral de la subcultura, y por ende, el de la salud. Es asi como la educaci6n parvularia si-gue en pafiales. No mas del %% de la pobla-