Russian Islamic University

The scientific relevance of the article is due to the possibilities of considering the processes of integration of Kazakh society into the all-Russian space through the interaction with various social strata of the Muslim Tatars of the Volga-Ural region and Siberia. The study of the role of the Tatars in the implementation of the cultural mission on the outskirts of Russia has not lost its relevance today. It is in demand not only from the point of view of ensuring Russia's geopolitical interests in the Central Asian region, but also in terms of preserving historically established cultural, economic and spiritual ties. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the Tatar agricultural, morals and manners culture on the Kazakhs moving to a settled lifestyle. The leading approach to the study of this problem was the comparative-contrastive method of research, which made it possible to comprehensively disclose the elements of the Kazakh and Tatar morals and manners cultures in a comparative sense, as well as the retrospective method, that traces the past events, contributing to the most complete image of the issue. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in the process of transition to agriculture, the Kazakhs had chosen the Tatar but not the Russian approach. The Kazakhs’ lifestyle became closely connected with Muslim culture, which was significantly influenced by Muslim Tatars, despite the efforts of Orthodox missionaries to convert the Kazakhs to Orthodoxy. The materials of the article can be useful in compiling museum expositions of an ethnographic nature, as well as for teaching special courses in higher educational institutions with historic specialties.

This article explores the evolution of Hanafi legal theory in Central Asia, with a comparative analysis of contemporary Uzbek Islamic legal thought and the classical Transoxanian Usul al-Fiqh tradition. The study investigates how historical developments and socio-political transformations have influenced the interpretation and application of Hanafi principles in modern Uzbekistan. Drawing from textual analysis of classical Usul al-Fiqh manuscripts, contemporary legal documents, and interviews with Islamic scholars in Uzbekistan, this research situates modern Uzbek Islamic jurisprudence within its historical and regional context. The findings highlight key continuities and divergences in the methodologies employed by contemporary Uzbek jurists compared to their classical Transoxanian predecessors. These include shifts in prioritizing textual over rationalist interpretations, the role of state authority in shaping legal discourse, and the increasing incorporation of public policy considerations within Islamic legal reasoning. The study also examines how these changes reflect broader trends in Islamic legal reform across post-Soviet Central Asia. This article concludes that while contemporary Uzbek Islamic legal thought retains a foundational connection to classical Hanafi principles, it represents a localized adaptation influenced by modern challenges, including legal pluralism and state interventions. The analysis underscores the importance of understanding historical and cultural contexts in shaping Islamic legal traditions. It contributes to broader discussions on the dynamic interplay between classical jurisprudence and modernity in Muslim societies.

Aim. The formation of any science is a difficult and often thorny path, starting with its official recognition both at the state level and among the academic community, and ending with the definition of its subject field, as well as the development of a special research methodology. Even more difficult is the formation of theology as a science, the subject field of which is not easy to define, since its object goes far beyond rational understanding, and the methods of cognition of the Ultimate often cross the demarcation line between the scientific and metaphysical. One of the ways of convergence of the secular and sacred, in our opinion, is the possibility of incorporating the main components of the “Principle of Flexibility of Methodological Rationality” proposed by Paul Tillich in his three-volume book “Systematic Theology” into the scientific field of theology, which will allow us to resolve not only the issues of scientificity / unscientificity of theology, but also to overcome the disagreements within the theological community, observed between “theological philosophers” and “highly educated preachers”.Methodology. On the basis of the analysis of the “Principle of methodological rationality”, the present article attempts to identify and systematize the indicators of flexibility of methodological rationality, divided by us into two groups singled out on the basis of their semantic orientation.Results. The first group includes indicators concerning the role and place of reason in theology and its specific features, among which are: the presence of different levels of consciousness, including levels of interiority, the highest of which indicates the possibility of the theologian to reach his meta-level; several types of reason – formal (technical), involved in the construction of theological systems and ontological (ecstatic), the reason inherent in faith and having a special dimension of depth - the foundation of reason, thanks to which the union of cognitive and aesthetic is possible. The second group of indicators is identified on the basis of analyzing the concepts of P. Tillich, B. Lonergan and D. V. Shmonin. This group includes the representation of groups of theologians who are in the same theological circle, but who fulfill somewhat different functions, which is reflected in the predominance of one or another level of consciousness and type of reason in the representatives of each group, as well as types of theology, the first of which is given the role of carrying “living knowledge of the transcendent”, the second is assigned the role of preserving and disseminating dogmatics and ritualism, the third is related to the correlation of theological concepts with modern scientific knowledge.Research implications. Based on the conducted research, the article concludes that the inclusion of the “Principle of Flexibility of Methodological Rationality” in theological research contributes not only to the resolution of the problem of scientificity / unscientificity of theological knowledge, but also contributes to the removal of some of the contradictions observed in the contemporary theological space.

In translation, one will face difficulties transferring Arabic texts into Indonesian. There are often many inconsistencies in language change when it has been translated. Nahwu and sharf are often linked to the problem. It is incomplete for someone to learn this nahwu sharf, which makes the Arabic translation imperfect. Likewise with the reality that happened to the 5th semester students Department of Arabic Teaching, University of Muhammadiyah Malang. This study aims to determine the relationship between mastery of nahwu sharf and the ability to translate Arabic texts into Indonesian. The results of the Pearson Correlations Bivariate test on this test with sig (2-tailed) by 5% and = 0.468, showing a result of 0.574 0.468, which means . This study shows a significant relationship between the two variables. Based on correlation results = 0.574, it is located at intervals 0.40 – 0.599, which means the relationship between the two variables lies at a medium-level correlation. This answer is that mastery of nahwu sharf is not the only aspect that influences translation skills; various other aspects influence the ability to translate Arabic texts.

The article deals with historical development of the theological heritage of the Muslim peoples of Russia. Authors attempt to identify features specific to the formation of theological and legal Islamic thought. They research the activity of the important centres of Islamic scholarship in Russia, mainly the Northern Caucasus and the Ural-Volga region. The results reveal the successful adaptation of the legal system as developed for centuries within the framework of the Russian Muslim community as “the northern outpost of the Islamic world” to the realities of modern life. Modern times bring challenges to the spiritual security of the Russian Federation. Among them is global terrorism, as well as attempts to implant ideology historically and traditionally alien to the country into the religious communities of Russia as well as the Islamic Ummah. Within this context, the fatwa-making activity of the Russian muftis is of great importance. Having implemented the theological and legal heritage of Islamic thought into the modern spiritual practice of the Russia's Muslim community, spiritual leaders who stand on the position of moderate Islam have issued and continue the tradition to issue fatwas (decisions). These fatwas are aimed at preserving spiritual integrity, religious values, morality and compliance with religious prescriptions traditional for Islam in Russia. The system of Islamic education as formed in Russia based on unified methodological approaches, which should contribute to training Islamic theologians in Russia.

The system of Russian mass media has experienced fundamental changes over the past thirty years, that, in its turn, caused a surge development of the sector of specialized publications, which undoubtedly included the segment of Muslim publications that had arose on the wave of democratic changes in the country in the 90s of the XX century. The article analyzes special printed Muslim magazines as a type of media published and distributed in Tatarstan in the Russian and Tatar languages. The research considers the analysis of the content of the Muslim print magazines “Al-Qibla” (“Direction to Mecca”) published between the years 2004– 2010 in the Tatar language, “Muslims” magazines published in the Russian language, “Azan nury” (“Ray of Adhan”) printed in the Tatar and Russian languages between the years 2012– 2013. The paper provides an analysis of the thematic orientation of these journals, the form of ownership, the periodicity of their release and reveals the information about the target audience and about the implementation of the functions of journalism.

Рецензируемые научные журналы МГОУ. Журналы МГОУ входящие в перечень ВАК: География, История, Международные отношения, Политология, Лингвистика, Педагогика, Психология, Филология, Физика-математика, Философия, Экономика, Юриспруденция

This article provides brief analysis of modern research on the basis of which theoretical interpretation of the concepts of soulfulness and spirituality in an interdisciplinary way comes. The phenomena of mercy and compassion, patience and humility are analyzed from the angle of soulfulness and spirituality. The paper contains the analysis of the links of mercy-patience and compassion-humility in the context of external and internal being. Understanding of the phenomena of empathy and reflection in the context of soulfulness/ spirituality, external / internal is carried out. Thus, the dialectical unity of the concepts of soulfulness and spirituality are revealed. All in all it leads to understanding of the dialectical unity of the external and internal sides of a human soul.

In contemporary theological teachings there is no rational definition of the term and description of the methodology of religious reflection, due to the ambiguity of different empirical descriptions of this phenomenon in different religions and within one religion. In this study, the emphasis is placed not on the statement of reflection, as it is empirically described in various religious traditions, but on the analysis of one’s inner experiences, analysis and synthesis of one’s self-reflection. Analysis, synthesis and comparison of the Hegelian concept of the reflection of the spirit and the teachings of Ibn Arabi on immersion in the depths of himself through intuitive contemplation.In the course of religious reflection, consisting of self-knowledge, self-observation and introspection, the evidence base of a person’s faith is assembled “in harmonious mosaic”, and in the process of finding out one’s own path to faith, the reflecting one begins to see the source and the tools that influence the course of faith. As a result of theological understanding of the phenomenon of reflection, it was revealed that if ordinary psychological reflection is knowing oneself through the eyes of another, moreover knowing “oneself externally”, then religious reflection is knowing “oneself internally” through the eyes of “oneself externally”. This process requires a deep inner work, based on religious-psychological and at the same time rational methodology. The synthesis of these two methodologies is proposed by the author of the article on the basis of correlation of the doctrine of self-knowledge of Sheikh Ibn Arabi and the reflection of the spirit of G. V. F. Hegel.The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.

At present, the participation of enterprises in social events has increased significantly. In this connection, questions of the reflection of non-financial information, which satisfies public inquiries about the organization’s activities, become more relevant. One of the effective tools, that provide a holistic view of the social and economic activity of the enterprise, is social reporting. The article studies and clarifies the economic essence of the concept of “social reporting”, discusses the basic principles of the formation of social reporting and its structure. Social reporting should include the following sections: the strategy of the organization; functional structure of the organization; types of activities, legal form, size of organization; managment structure; changes in the structure, scale, form of ownership of the organization in the reporting period; business processes; stakeholder engagement; innovative development of the organization; performance indicators in the field of interaction with society. To reflect the performance indicators of innovation, environmental protection activities and performance indicators in the field of interaction with society, the article proposed forms of social reports. They propose to reflect such indicators as the share of costs associated with research and development of technologies, the acquisition of innovative products, the introduction / use of R&D results, new technologies, new technology; expenses for environmental services; the costs associated with the overhaul of fixed assets for environmental protection; costs for the protection and rehabilitation of land, groundwater and surface water, the cost of biodiversity conservation and protection of natural areas; the cost of socio-economic development of the region; the cost of charitable assistance in the field of culture, education, sports, health. The proposed social reporting format is an effective tool that increases trust, quality, reliability, and transparency in customer relationships; promotes brand awareness and investment in the environment, community, human capital; improves the quality of business management, competitiveness and quality of products; increases the efficiency of personnel management, ensures the safety and economy of natural resources